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Catalytic borylation of methane
Smith, Kyle T.,Berritt, Simon,Gonzá,lez-Moreiras, Mariano,Ahn, Seihwan,Smith III, Milton R.,Baik, Mu-Hyun,Mindiola, Daniel J. American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2016 Science Vol.351 No.6280
<P>Despite steady progress in catalytic methods for the borylation of hydrocarbons, methane has not yet been subject to this transformation. Here we report the iridium-catalyzed borylation of methane using bis(pinacolborane) in cyclohexane solvent. Initially, trace amounts of borylated products were detected with phenanthroline-coordinated Ir complexes. A combination of experimental high-pressure and high-throughput screening, and computational mechanism discovery techniques helped to rationalize the foundation of the catalysis and identify improved phosphine-coordinated catalytic complexes. Optimized conditions of 150 degrees C and 3500-kilopascal pressure led to yields as high as similar to 52%, turnover numbers of 100, and improved chemoselectivity for monoborylated versus diborylated methane.</P>
Seed longevity of glyphosate resistant transgenic creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) lines
Daniel Hancock,박기웅,Carol A. Mallory-Smith 한국생태학회 2015 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.38 No.4
Studies to estimate seed longevity and dormancy of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) were conducted from 2000 to 2005 at Corvallis and Hermiston, Oregon. Seeds from three transgenic glyphosate resistant creeping bentgrass lines, 48-10, 48-13, and ASR368, and one non-transgenic glyphosate susceptible line, SR1020, were used. Creeping bentgrass seeds were buried at 3, 18 and 31 cm in 2000 and removed 6, 12, 18, 24, and 51 months later. Soil type and climatic conditions were different at the two locations. At Corvallis, the soil was a Malabon silty clay loam, and the winters wet and mild. The soil at Hermiston was an Adkins fine sandy loam, and winters drier and colder. Seeds of all creeping bentgrass lines deteriorated faster at Corvallis than at Hermiston. The estimated half-lives of creeping bentgrass lines buried at Corvallis were 8.4 to 20.2 months, while those buried at Hermiston were 8.4 to 37.7 months. At both sites, seeds of the glyphosate resistant lines, 48-10 and 48-13, deteriorated faster than the susceptible line, SR1020. However, seed deterioration in the resistant line, ASR368, was slower than all other creeping bentgrass lines. Based on the germination test, exhumed intact seeds at Corvallis were more dormant than those at Hermiston. If buried, it could be expected that viable creeping bentgrass seeds will persist more than 4 years after the seeds are introduced to a site, but environmental conditions can influence both seed longevity and dormancy.
Seed longevity of glyphosate resistant transgenic creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) lines
Hancock, Daniel,Park, Kee Woong,Mallory-Smith, Carol A. The Ecological Society of Korea 2015 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.38 No.4
Studies to estimate seed longevity and dormancy of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) were conducted from 2000 to 2005 at Corvallis and Hermiston, Oregon. Seeds from three transgenic glyphosate resistant creeping bentgrass lines, 48-10, 48-13, and ASR368, and one non-transgenic glyphosate susceptible line, SR1020, were used. Creeping bentgrass seeds were buried at 3, 18 and 31 cm in 2000 and removed 6, 12, 18, 24, and 51 months later. Soil type and climatic conditions were different at the two locations. At Corvallis, the soil was a Malabon silty clay loam, and the winters wet and mild. The soil at Hermiston was an Adkins fine sandy loam, and winters drier and colder. Seeds of all creeping bentgrass lines deteriorated faster at Corvallis than at Hermiston. The estimated half-lives of creeping bentgrass lines buried at Corvallis were 8.4 to 20.2 months, while those buried at Hermiston were 8.4 to 37.7 months. At both sites, seeds of the glyphosate resistant lines, 48-10 and 48-13, deteriorated faster than the susceptible line, SR1020. However, seed deterioration in the resistant line, ASR368, was slower than all other creeping bentgrass lines. Based on the germination test, exhumed intact seeds at Corvallis were more dormant than those at Hermiston. If buried, it could be expected that viable creeping bentgrass seeds will persist more than 4 years after the seeds are introduced to a site, but environmental conditions can influence both seed longevity and dormancy.
Carson, Daniel,Hnilova, Marketa,Yang, Xiulan,Nemeth, Cameron L.,Tsui, Jonathan H.,Smith, Alec S.T.,Jiao, Alex,Regnier, Michael,Murry, Charles E.,Tamerler, Candan,Kim, Deok-Ho American Chemical Society 2016 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.8 No.34
<P>Understanding the phenotypic development of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) is a prerequisite to advancing regenerative cardiac therapy, disease modeling, and drug screening applications. Lack of consistent hiPSC-CM in vitro data can be largely attributed to the inability of conventional culture methods to mimic the structural, biochemical, and mechanical aspects of the myocardial niche accurately. Here, we present a nanogrid culture array comprised of nanogrooved topographies, with groove widths ranging from 350 to 2000 nm, to study the effect of different nanoscale structures on the structural development of hiPSC-CMs in vitro. Nanotopographies were designed to have a biomimetic interface, based on observations of the oriented myocardial extracellular matrix (ECM) fibers found in vivo. Nanotopographic substrates were integrated with a self-assembling chimeric peptide containing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) cell adhesion motif. Using this platform, cell adhesion to peptide-coated substrates was found to be comparable to that of conventional fibronectin-coated surfaces. Cardiomyocyte organization and structural development were found to be dependent on the nanotopographical feature size in a biphasic manner, with improved development achieved on grooves in the 700–1000 nm range. These findings highlight the capability of surface-functionalized, bioinspired substrates to influence cardiomyocyte development, and the capacity for such platforms to serve as a versatile assay for investigating the role of topographical guidance cues on cell behavior. Such substrates could potentially create more physiologically relevant in vitro cardiac tissues for future drug screening and disease modeling studies.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2016/aamick.2016.8.issue-34/acsami.5b11671/production/images/medium/am-2015-116716_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/am5b11671'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Effectiveness of a low-frequency sports-specific resistance and plyometric training programme
Geoff Middleton,Daniel C. Bishop,Chris Smith,Thomas I. Gee 한국코칭능력개발원 2016 International Journal of Coaching Science Vol.10 No.2
This intervention aimed to improve Badminton-specific functional performance of an elite under-19 player (18 years) via a single-weekly resistance and plyometric training (RPT) session for 8-weeks. The athlete’s ‘response-to’ and ‘withdrawal-from’ the RPT were assessed. The athlete (stature: 1.77 m, mass: 81.5 kg) completed the RPT intervention throughout a competitive season. Performance testing was conducted at; baseline, post-intervention (8-weeks) and after withdrawal-from the RPT (16-weeks). Jump height and throwing distance were assessed via countermovement jump (CMJ), standing long-jump (SLJ) and one-arm (1-MBT) and two-arm (2-MBT) medicine-ball throws respectively. Speed and agility were assessed by 5 m and 10 m sprints and ‘sideways’ and ‘four-corner’ tests respectively. A positive change from baseline to post-intervention (8-weeks) was observed in: CMJ (+0.07 m), SLJ (+0.13 m), 1-MBT (+2.25 m) and 2-MBT (+0.26 m). Observed changes in speed and agility were minimal. At the 16-weeks, small declines in CMJ, SLJ, 1-MBT and 2-MBT (0.04 m, 0.04 m, 0.52 m and 0.05 respectively) existed. Small improvements in 5 and 10 m sprint times (-0.12 s to -0.09 s) and side-ways agility were observed (-0.11 s to -0.39 s), possibly explained by conditioning effects of training and competition. An 8-week Badminton-specific RPT programme provided favourable increases in jumps and MB throws. However, such positive changes were not sustained following the withdrawal period.