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UNESCO’s intangible cultural heritage and its polarising nature: A case study on Aalst Carnival
Marthe Van Damme,Dirk Jacobs 국립민속박물관 2022 International Journal of Intangible Heritage Vol.17 No.-
Intangible cultural heritage, such as a tradition, folk dance or carnival, contributes to cultural diversity within a society. Therefore, the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage was adopted with the intention of safeguarding and perpetuating intangible cultural heritage and intercultural dialogue. But what happens if intangible cultural heritage has been recognised and inscribed on one of the UNESCO lists and, within its expression, the tradition goes against the list’s inscription criteria and causes controversy? This article explains the events that took place during the Carnival of Aalst, as well as the controversies it sparked. It sheds light on the visible tensions between different aspects of the controversy. Its scope thus remains limited to a brief explanation of intangible cultural heritage and the tradition of Aalst Carnival. Within this context, a judicial approach through case law research of the European Court of Human Rights concerning the right to freedom of expression and its limitations is used to provide a legal assessment of the controversy. Moreover, this article discusses the limitations of this legal approach and proposes recommendations in other policy fields. The article will thus attempt to reconcile these tensions and balance the competing interests in order to diminish the likelihood of controversies happening again in the future. It will aim to illustrate the tensions between stereotypical and derogatory depictions that are legally acceptable, however controversial given the multicultural society, and further concisely explore possible solutions within different policy areas.
Daniela Penafiel,Wouter Vanhove,Ramon L. Espinel,Patrick Van Damme 한국식품연구원 2019 Journal of Ethnic Foods Vol.6 No.-
Background: Worldwide, the number of wild and domesticated food species is declining, which endangers dietary diversity of particularly indigenous people. Unfortunately, eating culture and traditional knowledge is also hampered when food species are no longer available. Methods: This study reports the food biodiversity in Guasaganda, Central Ecuador, using a combination of methods aiming to inform local initiatives. Results and discussion: The number of species includes 49 wild, 41 cultivated, and 28 semi-cultivated plants and 13 wild, 9 domesticated, and 1 semi-domesticated animal species. Although, Guasaganda is a hot spot of plant and animal diversity, a limited number of plant (3.00 SD 1.45) and animal species (2.37 SD 1.44) are available at the farm. Conclusion: Increasing the number of edible species in the food system is imperative for dietary diversity. Further research should document the consumption of the reported foods, and the nutrient and biochemical content to assess nutrient adequacy of the diet.
Mohamad Hamshou,Chenjing Shang,Jeroen De Zaeytijd,Els J.M. Van Damme,Guy Smagghe 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.1
Someribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) possess insecticidal activity. In this studywe investigated the activity of type 1 and type 2 RIPs fromapple (Malus domestica) against an economically important pest insect belonging to the order of Lepidoptera, the beet armyworm(Spodoptera exigua),with the use of tobacco plants overexpressing the apple RIPs. Insect bioassays using detached leaves fromtransgenic tobacco lines demonstrated that the ectopically expressed type 1 or type 2 RIPs from apple exerted a high entomotoxic activity.We scored up to 78% mortality during the larval stages of S. exigua.Moreover, a significant reduction in the larval weightwas observed in the surviving larvae fed on the transgenic lines at different time points as compared to wild type plants. In addition, apple RIPs also retarded the development of the larvae. These results provide further support for RIPs having a potential role in plant defense. It can be envisaged that these RIPs could be used in genetically engineered crops to enhance resistance against agronomically important insect pests.
Luo, Yongting,Xu, Xiaochao,Liu, Jiwei,Li, Jian,Sun, Yisheng,Liu, Zhen,Liu, Jinzhi,Damme, Els Van,Balzarini, Jan,Bao, Jinku Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2007 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.40 No.3
A novel mannose-binding tuber lectin with in vitro antiproliferative activity towards human cancer cell lines and antiviral activity against HSV-II was isolated from fresh tubers of a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Typhonium divaricatum (L.) Decne by a combined procedure involving extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-SEPHAROSE, CM-SEPHAROSE and gel-filtration on sephacryl S-200. The apparent molecular mass of the purified Typhonium divaricatum lectin (TDL) was 48 kDa. TDL exhibits hemagglutinating activity toward rabbit erythrocytes at 0.95 $\mu$g/ml, and its activity could be strongly inhibited by mannan, ovomucoid, asialofetuin and thyroglobulin. TDL showed antiproliferative activity towards some well established human cancer cell lines, e.g. Pro-01 (56.7 $\pm$ 6.8), Bre-04 (41.5 $\pm$ 4.8), and Lu-04 (11.4 $\pm$ 0.3). The anti-HSV-II activity of TDL was elucidated by testing its HSV-II infection inhibitory activity in Vero cells with $TC_50$ and $EC_50$ of 5.176 mg/ml and 3.054 $\mu$g/ml respectively. The full-length cDNA sequence of TDL was 1145 bp and contained an 813-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 271 amino acid precursor of 29-kDa. Homology analysis showed that TDL had high homology with many other mannose-binding lectins. Secondary and three-dimensional structures analyses showed that TDL is heterotetramer and similar with lectins from mannose-binding lectin superfamily, especially those from family Araceae.