Descriptive Analysis of the Afghanistan Apple Farming System

( Lee¸ D. S. ),( H. J. Mohammad ) 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원(구 농업과학연구소) 2020 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.32 No.S

Ending poverty is the first priority of the sustainable development goals. It is associated with increasing income and addressing destitution, particularly in Afghanistan, where the majority of people have low incomes and are living below the poverty line, heavily relying on agriculture-related activities. Developing an extension system for the high value-added industry of apples is one of the strategies of the Afghan government to enhance the income of the poor. Intensive high-density production is the most important strategy to improve apple productivity, hence, generating income and increasing the welfare of small-scale farmers by upgrading (near) subsistence farming to a commercial system in Afghanistan. This study characterized the major factors that influence the adaptation of intensive high-density farming systems. A comparative analysis of the Afghan apple production and Australian intensive high-density farm enterprise was conducted. The results described these two production systems and clarified the major factors that improve production efficiency.

3-Hydroxykynurenine (3HK)에 의한 SKN-SH 세포사멸 과정에서 heat shock protein 90에 의한 활성기 산소의 억제 효과

김대성(Kim DS),이명우(Lee MW),노유헌(Noh YH),이도연(Lee DY),이현정(Lee HJ),박재형(Bach JH),한정우(Han JW),이광길(Lee KG),여주흥(Yeo JH),이원복(Lee WB),김성수(Kim SS) 대한체질인류학회 2020 해부·생물인류학 (Anat Biol Anthropol) Vol.33 No.3

렙토스피라 백신 면역군의 혈청학적인 평가

김주성,이명숙,김동술,이혜경,정경태,이길웅,이상묵,박강수,이인택 국립보건연구원 1989 국립보건원보 Vol.26 No.

미숙분만에 관한 역학적 고찰

이영호,이봉구,이영혜,장부용,이형열,오병전,정두수 대한산부인과학회 1990 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.33 No.2

1986년 1월부터 1988년 6월까지 2년 6개월간 본원 산부인과에서 분만한 총 6275예의 분만중 미숙분만 519예에 대한 통계학적분석을 실시, 여러 위험인자에 대한 빈도를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 미숙분만율은 1986년 7.7%, 1987년 7.2%에서 1988년 10.0%로 최근 증가추세를 보이고 있다. 2. 최근 5년간 borderline preterm delivery는 54.5%를 차지하였으며, moderately preterm delivery는 32.2%, extremely preterm delivery는 13.3%를 차지하였다. 3. 미숙분만 산모의 연령분포는 35세이하 7.8%에 비해 35세이상에서 20.5%로 현저히 높았다. 4. 미숙분만 산모의 분만횟수는 분만횟수 4회이상 산모에서 28.9%로 초산부나 1회 경산부의 7.6%에 비해 현저하게 높았다. 5. 미숙분만 산모의 유산횟수는 유산경험이 없는 경우 6.6%에 비해 3회이상의 경우 17.1%로 현저히 증가되었다. 6. 산모의 교육정도와 미숙분만과 관련성은 교육기간이 길수록 적게 나타났다. 7. 미숙분만율과 최초 산전진찰시기와는 연관 관계가 없었다. 8. 분만과거력에 있어서는 과거 미숙분만 및 만기 유산력이 있는 경우 전체분만에 비해 8.2배의 높은 율을 보였으며, 과거 사산 및 주산기 영아 신생아 사망 예에서 1.9배로 높았으나, 제왕절개 수술력은 관련이 없었다. 9. 조산의 발생과 직접적 연관이 있는 원인으로는 다태임신, 선천성 태아기형, 전치태반, 태반조기박리, 자궁내 태아사망, 이상태위, 자궁경관내구무력증, 자궁기형, 양수조기파수 등이 있으며, 임신자간증 및 중증 자간전증의 경우는 의인성으로 조산을 시킨 경우도 있었으나 상당수 연관이 있었다. 10. 산모의 전신질환에는 결핵, 만성고혈압 등이 연관이 있고 심장질환, 신장질환 등에서는 별로 연관니 없었다. 11. 저 Apgar score(6) 신생아 발생율은 extremely preterm newborn에서 1분 71.2%, 5분 65.4%를 보였다. Although neonatal intensive care of the preterm newborn has improved the chances of healthy survival of infants, prematurity is still the major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. In order to investigate the various risk factors of preterm birth and contribute to prevention of preterm birth hereafter, we performed statistical analysis on 519 cases of preterm birth delivered at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Presbyterian Medical Center from January 1986 to June 1988 per 6275 total delivery cases. The results of the study were as follows: 1. The incidence rate of preterm births was 7.7 % on 1986 and 7.2 % on 1987, and 10.0 % on 1988, increasing trends recently. 2. The rate of borderline preterm birth was 54.5 % and moderately preterm birth was 32.2 %, and extremely preterm birth was 13.3 % during 5 years, recently. 3. The rate of preterm birth to total birth by maternal age was 7.8 % in maternal age of under 35 years and 20.5 % in maternal age of over 35 years. 4. Number of preterm birth was increased as number of parity, and preterm birth rate to total birth by parity was 7.6 % in para 0.1, and 28.9 % in para above 4. 5. Number of preterm birth was increased as number of abortion, and preterm birth rate to total birth by abortion number was 6.6 % in no abortion group and 17.1 % in experienced abortion over 3 times. 6. Number of preterm birth was lesser in more 13 years education periods group than under 9 years education periods group. 7. There was no significant relationship of the preterm birth incidence rate and first antenatal care time. 8. As compared with previous obstetric history, preterm birth was 8.2 times more in cases with previous preterm birth and late abortion and 1.9 times more in cases with past still birth and postnatal death, but not related to past cesarean section. 9. Obstetric risk factors related to preterm birth was multiple pregnancy, congenital malformation, placenta previa, abruptio placenta, IUFD, abnormal presentation and IIOC, uterine anomaly, PROM and preeclampsia severe form and eclampsia. 10. High risk maternal disease was tuberculosis and chronic hypertension, but heart disease and renal discase was not related. 11. Incidence of low Apgar score($lt;6)rate was 71.2% at 1 minute and 65.4% at 5 minute on extremely preterm newborn.

CAPD in Korea , 1981 ~ 1989

( Lee HB ),( Han DC ),( Park MS ),( Hwang SD ),( Lee SK ),( Bang BK ),( Cho DK ),( Choi CP ),( Choi EJ ),( Choi Y ),( Ko KW ),( Cheon SJ ),( Ha SK ),( Han DS ),( Hong SY ),( Jae YS ),( Kang CM ),( Par 대한신장학회 1991 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.10 No.3

CAPD in Korea 1990-1991

( Lee HB ),( Han DC ),( Bang BK ),( Chae DW ),( Cheon SJ ),( Cho DK ),( Cho JK ),( Choi CP ),( Choi EJ ),( Ha SK ),( Han DS ),( Lee HY ),( Jee YS ),( Jeon GU ),( Hong CD ),( Hong SY ),( Kang CM ),( Ka 대한신장학회 1993 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.12 No.3

고농도의 beta-HCG를 분비하는 순수 미분화세포종

이태성,이동섭,육상수,이성운,정재형 대한산부인과학회 1990 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.33 No.7

미분화 세포종은 원시 배세포에서 기원된 드문 난소종양으로 순수 미분화세포종은 호르몬생성능이 없다고 알려져 왔으나 최근의 연구와 보고자들에 의하면 전자현미경, 면역 세포조직학, 면역조직화학, 효소조직화확, 방사선 면역분석법 등 그중에서 특히 전자현미경의 발달로, 면역조직화확, 효소조직화확, 방사선면역분석법 등 그중에서 특히 전자현미경의 발달로 이제까지 미분화세포종에서는 알려지지 않았던 미세구조들이 밝혀지고 그와함께 화확적, 면역학적, 면역방사선학적 분석법 등이 발달하면서 이형성의 여러 다양한 기능성 세포들이 있다는 것을 아고, 그에 따른 여러 단백질, 호르몬, 효소들이 분비된다는 것을 증명하였다. 또, 치료방법에 있어서도 보고자들에 따라 다른 주장을 하였으며 또 재발율이 높은 원인에 대해 보고자들이 복막과 임파절 전이를 중요시 하고 있지만 방사선치료나, 항암화확요법 등의 자극에 의한 다른 종양으로의 분화 혹은 전환, 현미경적조직검사시 부적절한 표본의 선택 등도 원인이 될 수 있다고하고 또, 전형적인 어느 한 종양의 조직소견을 보이면서 다른 종양과 아주 유사한 요소들이 있을 때 애매한 점이 있다고 하였다. 이러한 점을 통틀어 생각해 볼 때 미분화세포종의 여러 가지 임상적, 병리조직학적 특성과, 진단과 치료 등에 이르기까지 앞으로 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 본 저자들은 10,000IU/mml이상의 고농도 beta-HCG를 분비한 전이성 순수 미분화세포종 1례를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Dysgerminoma is a rare form of malignant germ cell tumor, occurs predominantly in child and young women. Pure dysgerminoma is known to usually non-functioning, but we experienced typical histogenesis of pure dysgerminoma with syncytiotrophoblasts and high beta-HCG were produced. In the study of germ cell tumor, the development of electron microscope, methods of histologic, immunologic, chemistry, cytologic and combined with each other recommands many thoughts and difficulties in our decisions. So we review of our case and literatures.

점상연골 이형성증 ( Rhizomelic Type ) 1 례

오도산(DS Oh),김형석(HS Kim),고경수(KS Ko),박정희(JH Park),박종두(JD Park),이준형(JH Lee),이의진(EJ Lee) 대한산부인과학회 1996 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.39 No.7

Chondrodysplasia Punctata has been reported recently by an antenatal sonographic findings. It is a rare congenital disorder of bone in infant, which is characterized by radiographic manifestation of premature depositionof punctata calcific density in epiphyseal area, preformed in cartilage. Chondrodysplasia punctata has two different types: a rhizomelic, and nonrhizomelic type(Conradi-Hunermann syndrome). We present a case of rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata which has been delivered by Cesarean section.

흉막 자궁내막증 1 예

배덕수(DS Bae),조경훈(KH Cho),홍순기(SK Hong),이병익(BI Lee),김필수(PS Kim),이효표(HP Lee) 대한산부인과학회 1988 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.31 No.8

저자들은 불임과 골반 자궁내막증경력을 갖고 있는 38세 여자환자에 있어서 호흡곤란을 가 져오게한 흉막의 자궁내막증을 경험하였기에 문헌적 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Endometriosis is a vexing problem, particularly for the patients in the third and fourth decades of life. The majority of lesions are limited to the pelvis but a variety of other sites have been involved, particularly the peritoneal surfaces of the adjacent bowel and regional lymphnodes . Extraabdominal endometriosis in uncommon. Pleural endometriosis appears to be the extension of a surface phenomenon by departation of the etilogic agent from the pelvic cavity. A case of pleural endometriosis is presented here in which the patients was previously identified as having pelvic endometriosis and infertility.

자궁내막증 여성에서 GnRH Agonist 투여 후 말초혈액 내 Cytokine 농도의 변화 양상에 관한 연구

최두석(DS Choi),이정원(JW Lee),윤병구(BK Yoon),이제호(JH Lee),양윤선(YS Yang),김대원(DW Kim),김동호(DH Kim),김정구(JK Kim) 대한산부인과학회 1999 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.42 No.5

Objective: In endometriosis[ES] patients, changes in immunologic function have been reported. Alterations of immune status resulting from surgery or medical treatment have also been identified. GnRH agonist has been known to have positive modulation effect on nature killer[NK] cell activity and increase the number of NK cell, and upregulation of T-lymphocyte mitogenic activity, but the effect on cytokine has not been delineated. In this study we evaluated the effect of adjuvant GnRH agonist treatment after pelviscopy on the peripheral blood cytokine profile in women with endometriosis. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five patients[ES Stage I-II:12, ES Stage III-IV:13] with endometriosis were studied. All patients were diagnosed under pelviscopy and biopsy specimens were confirmed by a pathologist. Each patient received a total of 4 doses of GnRH agonist at 4-week interval from the next day of pelviscopy. Using ELISA method, peripheral blood cytokine profile[IL-1, IL-2, sIL-2R[soluble interleukin-2 receptor], IL-6, IL-8, MCP[monocyte-chemoattractant protein]-1] were analyzed at the time of pelviscopy, 4 weeks and 12 weeks after pelviscopy. Thirteen patients who underwent gynecologic surgery or pelviscopic surgery with normal pelvis were enrolled as controls. Results: At the time of pelviscopy there were no significant differences in cytokine profiles except MCP-1 between control and ES patients. After the 1st injection of GnRH agonist[4 weeks after pelviscopy] the peripheral blood IL-1 and IL-6 showed decreasing trend and the MCP-1 showed increasing trend, while sIL-2R and IL-8 showed no difference. Three months after the pelviscopy[after 3 injections of GnRH agonist] the peripheral blood IL-6 and MCP-1 showed consistent decreasing and increasing trend respectively, and there was an increasing trend in IL-1 and IL-8 compared with post-op 1 month of the level. But sIL-2R showed no change. According to ES stage the IL-8 and the MCP-1 showed different response patterns after GnRH agonist treatment. Conclusion: Although there were no significant differences, the peripheral blood cytokines showed different response patterns after GnRH agonist treatment. These changes might have come from the alteration in the function of peripheral blood immune cells after the GnRH agonist treatment.