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Murthy, Indu K.,Bhat, Savithri,Sathyanarayan, Vani,Patgar, Sridhar,M., Beerappa,Bhat, P.R.,Bhat, D.M.,Gopalakrishnan, Ranjith,Jayaraman, Mathangi,Munsi, Madhushree,N.H., Ravindranath,M.A., Khalid,M., Institute of Forest Science 2014 Journal of Forest Science Vol.30 No.2
The tropical wet evergreen, tropical semi evergreen and moist deciduous forest types are projected to be impacted by climate change. In the Western Ghats region, a biodiversity hotspot, evergreen forests including semi evergreen account for 30% of the forest area and according to climate change impact model projections, nearly a third of these forest types are likely to undergo vegetation type change. Similarly, tropical moist deciduous forests which account for about 28% of the forest area are likely to experience change in about 20% of the area. Thus climate change could adversely impact forest biodiversity and product flow to the forest dependent households and communities in Uttara Kannada district of the Western Ghats. This study analyses the distribution of non-timber forest product yielding tree species through a network of twelve 1-ha permanent plots established in the district. Further, the extent of dependence of communities on forests is ascertained through questionnaire surveys. On an average 21% and 28% of the tree species in evergreen and deciduous forest types, respectively are, non-timber forest product yielding tree species, indicating potential high levels of supply of products to communities. Community dependence on non-timber forest products is significant, and it contributes to Rs. 1199 and Rs. 3561/household in the evergreen and deciduous zones, respectively. Given that the bulk of the forest grids in Uttara Kannada district are projected to undergo change, bulk of the species which provide multiple forest products are projected to experience die back and even mortality. Incorporation of climate change projections and impacts in forest planning and management is necessary to enable forest ecosystems to enhance resilience.
Optimal Reliability Improvement for Used Items Sold with Warranty
Chattopadhyay, G.,Murthy, D.N.P. The Korean Reliability Society 2004 International Journal of Reliability and Applicati Vol.5 No.2
The market for used products is becoming more competitive and dealers of used products use warranty to promote sales as well as to provide assurance to customers. Offering warranty results in additional costs associated with warranty servicing. This cost can be reduced through actions such as overhaul and upgrade that improves the reliability of the item. This is worthwhile only if the cost of improvement is less than the reduction in the warranty servicing cost. This paper deals with two models to decide on the reliability improvement strategies for used items sold with FRW policy.