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Using Porcine Embryonic Stem Cells to Advance Xenotransplantation to the Clinic
Mark Nottle,Ivan M Vassiliev,Sharon Harrison,Stephen McIlfatrick,Wayne Hawthorne,Philip O’Connell,Peter Cowan,Anthony d’Apice 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2011 발생공학 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1
Pig‐to‐human transplantation (xenotransplantation) is currently the most advanced approach to solving the increasing demand for human organs and tissues. However, two critical requirements must be addressed before xenotransplantation can be considered for clinical application. First, the level of immunosuppression required to maintain xenografts must be equivalent to (or less than) that used in allotransplantation. It is now evident that multiple genetic modifications of the donor pig will be needed to achieve this goal (d’Apice et al. 2002 Transplant Proceedings. 33: 3053‐3054). These include gene knockouts (e.g. of the GalT gene, responsible for synthesis of the major porcine xenoantigen) and gene addition by transgenesis. Progress has been hindered by the current technology, which allows only a single cycle of genetic modification per generation and therefore necessitates large and complex breeding programs. Second, donor pigs should have defined, relatively homogeneous genotypes including the inability to produce endogenous retroviruses (PERV) that may infect human recipients. Inbred miniature swine are best suited in this regard but are difficult to genetically manipulate due to poor reproductive capacity. What is critically needed to advance xenotransplantation to the clinic is the ability to perform multiple cycles of genetic modifications per generation on the background of choice. We have recently made an important step towards this goal by developing a novel method for the isolation of porcine embryonic stem cells (ESC) (Vassiliev et al. 2010 Cellular Reprogramming 12: 223‐230). These cells can be stably grown for at least 150 population doublings, dramatically increasing the window for introducing multiple genetic modifications before the cells are used to clone pigs by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Furthermore we have used this method to isolate ESCs from cloned embryos (Vassiliev et al 2011 Cellular Reprogramming 13: 205‐213) which allows us to isolate ESCs directly from breeds of pigs specifically bred for xenotransplantation. Together these advances will accelerate xenotransplantation research to the clinic.
SOLVING QUASIMONOTONE SPLIT VARIATIONAL INEQUALITY PROBLEM AND FIXED POINT PROBLEM IN HILBERT SPACES
D. O. Peter,A. A. Mebawondu,G.C. Ugwunnadi,P. Pillay,O.K. Narain 경남대학교 수학교육과 2023 Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Applications Vol.28 No.1
In this paper, we introduce and study an iterative technique for solving quasimonotone split variational inequality problems and fixed point problem in the framework of real Hilbert spaces. Our proposed iterative technique is self adaptive, and easy to implement. We establish that the proposed iterative technique converges strongly to a minimum-norm solution of the problem and give some numerical illustrations in comparison with other methods in the literature to support our strong convergence result.
First spin-parity constraint of the 306 keV resonance in Cl35 for nova nucleosynthesis
Chipps, K. A.,Pain, S. D.,Kozub, R. L.,Bardayan, D. W.,Cizewski, J. A.,Chae, K. Y.,Liang, J. F.,Matei, C.,Moazen, B. H.,Nesaraja, C. D.,O'Malley, P. D.,Peters, W. A.,Pittman, S. T.,Schmitt, K. T.,Smit American Physical Society 2017 Physical review. C Vol.95 No.4
<P>Of particular interest in astrophysics is the S-34(p,gamma) Cl-35 reaction, which serves as a stepping stone in thermonuclear runaway reaction chains during a nova explosion. Though the isotopes involved are all stable, the reaction rate of this significant step is not well known, due to a lack of experimental spectroscopic information on states within the Gamow window above the proton separation threshold of Cl-35. Measurements of level spins and parities provide input for the calculation of resonance strengths, which ultimately determine the astrophysical reaction rate of the S-34(p,gamma)Cl-35 proton capture reaction. By performing the Cl-37( p,t)Cl-35 reaction in normal kinematics at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, we have conducted a study of the region of astrophysical interest in Cl-35, and have made the first-ever constraint on the spin and parity assignment for a level at 6677 +/- 15 keV (E-r = 306 keV), inside the Gamow window for novae.</P>
Kwon, O-Pil,Kwon, Seong-Ji,Jazbinsek, Mojca,Brunner, Fabian D. J.,Seo, Jung-In,Hunziker, Christoph,Schneider, Arno,Yun, Hoseop,Lee, Yoon-Sup,Gü,nter, Peter WILEY-VCH Verlag 2008 Advanced functional materials Vol.18 No.20
<P>We investigate a configurationally locked polyene (CLP) crystal 2-(3-(4-hydroxystyryl)-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-enylidene)malononitrile (OH1) containing a phenolic electron donor, which also acts as a hydrogen bond donor. The OH1 crystals with orthorhombic space group Pna2<SUB>1</SUB> (point group mm2) exhibit large second-order nonlinear optical figures of merit, high thermal stability and very favorable crystal growth characteristics. Higher solubility in methanol and a larger temperature difference between the melting temperature and the decomposition temperature of OH1 compared to analogous CLP crystals, are of advantage for solution and melt crystal growth, respectively. Acentric bulk OH1 crystals of large sizes with side lengths of up to 1 cm with excellent optical quality have been successfully grown from methanol solution. The microscopic and macroscopic nonlinearities of the OH1 crystals are investigated theoretically and experimentally. The OH1 crystals exhibit a large macroscopic nonlinearity with four times larger powder second harmonic generation efficiency than that of analogous CLP crystals containing dimethylamino electron donor. A very high potential of OH1 crystals for broadband THz wave emitters in the full frequency range of 0.1–3 THz by optical rectification of 160 fs pulses has been demonstrated.</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Configurationally locked polyene OH1 crystals containing a phenolic electron donor exhibit large second-order nonlinear optical figures of merit, high thermal stability, and very favorable crystal-growth characteristics. A very high potential of OH1 crystals for broadband THz wave emitters in the full frequency range of 0.1–3 THz by optical rectification of 160 fs pulses has been demonstrated. <img src='wiley_img/1616301X-2008-18-20-ADFM200800633-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/1616301X-2008-18-20-ADFM200800633-content'> </P>
Gas flows in the circumgalactic medium around simulated high-redshift galaxies
Mitchell, Peter D,Blaizot, Jé,ré,my,Devriendt, Julien,Kimm, Taysun,Michel-Dansac, Lé,o,Rosdahl, Joakim,Slyz, Adrianne Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2018 MONTHLY NOTICES- ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Vol.474 No.4
RNA-seq profiling of skin in temperate and tropical cattle
( Olanrewaju B. Morenikeji ),( Oyeyemi O. Ajayi ),( Sunday O. Peters ),( Fidalis D. Mujibi ),( Marcos De Donato ),( Bolaji N. Thomas ),( Ikhide G. Imumorin ) 한국축산학회(구 한국동물자원과학회) 2020 한국축산학회지 Vol.62 No.2
Skin is a major thermoregulatory organ in the body controlling homeothermy, a critical function for climate adaptation. We compared genes expressed between tropical- and temperate- adapted cattle to better understand genes involved in climate adaptation and hence thermoregulation. We profiled the skin of representative tropical and temperate cattle using RNAseq. A total of 214,754,759 reads were generated and assembled into 72,993,478 reads and were mapped to unique regions in the bovine genome. Gene coverage of unique regions of the reference genome showed that of 24,616 genes, only 13,130 genes (53.34%) displayed more than one count per million reads for at least two libraries and were considered suitable for downstream analyses. Our results revealed that of 255 genes expressed differentially, 98 genes were upregulated in tropically-adapted White Fulani (WF; Bos indicus) and 157 genes were down regulated in WF compared to Angus, AG (Bos taurus). Fifteen pathways were identified from the differential gene sets through gene ontology and pathway analyses. These include the significantly enriched melanin metabolic process, proteinaceous extracellular matrix, inflammatory response, defense response, calcium ion binding and response to wounding. Quantitative PCR was used to validate six representative genes which are associated with skin thermoregulation and epithelia dysfunction (mean correlation 0.92; p < 0.001). Our results contribute to identifying genes and understanding molecular mechanisms of skin thermoregulation that may influence strategic genomic selection in cattle to withstand climate adaptation, microbial invasion and mechanical damage.