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RF plasma functionalized carbon surfaces for supporting sensor architectures
J.S. Quinton,A. Deslandes,A. Barlow,J.G. Shapter,C. Fairman,J.J. Gooding,D.B. Hibbert 한국물리학회 2008 Current Applied Physics Vol.8 No.3,4
Carbon has a number of properties that make it ideal for use in sensor and electrical applications. Using radio frequency plasma with different precursor gases and operating plasma conditions, it is possible to pre-treat a variety of carbon surfaces in preparation for further molecular attachment, or surface functionalization. Research in our laboratory involves studies on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) as a model carbon substrate and pyrolysed photoresist films (PPF). Plasma treated surfaces have been characterised using a variety of surface sensitive techniques. We will report on results obtained using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to probe the chemical nature of the treated surfaces, and hence the extent of treatment. Time of flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (ToFSIMS) has been utilised to determine the extent of hydrogenation after plasma treatment. Scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) measurements provide morphological information about the treated surfaces, in particular damage and a severe change in surface structures that may be caused by various plasma treatments. Etching and/or nucleation and growth features are also observed and will be discussed, with the types of features and their distribution strongly dependent on the precursor gas that is used to support the plasma. Carbon has a number of properties that make it ideal for use in sensor and electrical applications. Using radio frequency plasma with different precursor gases and operating plasma conditions, it is possible to pre-treat a variety of carbon surfaces in preparation for further molecular attachment, or surface functionalization. Research in our laboratory involves studies on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) as a model carbon substrate and pyrolysed photoresist films (PPF). Plasma treated surfaces have been characterised using a variety of surface sensitive techniques. We will report on results obtained using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to probe the chemical nature of the treated surfaces, and hence the extent of treatment. Time of flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (ToFSIMS) has been utilised to determine the extent of hydrogenation after plasma treatment. Scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) measurements provide morphological information about the treated surfaces, in particular damage and a severe change in surface structures that may be caused by various plasma treatments. Etching and/or nucleation and growth features are also observed and will be discussed, with the types of features and their distribution strongly dependent on the precursor gas that is used to support the plasma.
The <i>UV</i>–optical colour dependence of galaxy clustering in the local universe
Loh, Yeong-Shang,Rich, R. Michael,Heinis, Sé,bastien,Scranton, Ryan,Mallery, Ryan P.,Salim, Samir,Martin, D. Christopher,Wyder, Ted,Arnouts, Sté,phane,Barlow, Tom A.,Forster, Karl,Friedman Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 MONTHLY NOTICES- ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Vol.407 No.1
<P>ABSTRACT</P><P>We measure the UV-optical colour dependence of galaxy clustering in the local Universe. Using the clean separation of the red and blue sequences made possible by the <I>NUV</I>−<I>r</I> colour–magnitude diagram, we segregate the galaxies into red, blue and intermediate ‘green’ classes. We explore the clustering as a function of this segregation by removing the dependence on luminosity and by excluding edge-on galaxies as a means of a non-model dependent veto of highly extincted galaxies. We find that ξ(<I>r</I><SUB>p</SUB>, π) for both red and green galaxies shows strong redshift-space distortion on small scales – the ‘finger-of-God’ effect, with green galaxies having a lower amplitude than is seen for the red sequence, and the blue sequence showing almost no distortion. On large scales, ξ(<I>r</I><SUB>p</SUB>, π) for all three samples show the effect of large-scale streaming from coherent infall. On scales of 1 <I>h</I><SUP>−1</SUP> Mpc < <I>r</I><SUB>p</SUB> < 10 <I>h</I><SUP>−1</SUP> Mpc, the projected auto-correlation function <I>w</I><SUB>p</SUB>(<I>r</I><SUB>p</SUB>) for red and green galaxies fits a power law with slope γ∼ 1.93 and amplitude <I>r</I><SUB>0</SUB>∼ 7.5 and 5.3, compared with γ∼ 1.75 and <I>r</I><SUB>0</SUB>∼ 3.9 <I>h</I><SUP>−1</SUP> Mpc for blue sequence galaxies. Compared to the clustering of a fiducial <I>L</I>* galaxy, the red, green and blue have a relative bias of 1.5, 1.1 and 0.9, respectively. The <I>w</I><SUB>p</SUB>(<I>r</I><SUB>p</SUB>) for blue galaxies display an increase in convexity at ∼ 1 <I>h</I><SUP>−1</SUP> Mpc, with an excess of large-scale clustering. Our results suggest that the majority of blue galaxies are likely central galaxies in less massive haloes, while red and green galaxies have larger satellite fractions, and preferentially reside in virialized structures. If blue sequence galaxies migrate to the red sequence via processes like mergers or quenching that take them through the green valley, such a transformation may be accompanied by a change in environment in addition to any change in luminosity and colour.</P>
A search for doubly charged Higgs production in Z<sup>0</sup> decays
OPAL Collaboration,Acton, P.D.,Alexander, G.,Allison, J.,Allport, P.P.,Anderson, K.J.,Arcelli, S.,Astbury, A.,Axen, D.,Azuelos, G.,Bahan, G.A.,Baines, J.T.M.,Ball, A.H.,Banks, J.,Barlow, R.J.,Barnett, North-Holland Pub. Co 1992 Physics letters. Section B Vol.295 No.3
A search for the decay of the Z<SUP>0</SUP> into doubly charged Higgs bosons (H<SUP>+/-+/-</SUP>) decaying to same-sign lepton pairs is presented using data collected with the OPAL detector at LEP, with an integrated luminosity of 6.8 pb<SUP>-</SUP>. Four-track final states from prompt decays, and events with at least one highly ionizing track from long-lived H<SUP>+/-+/-</SUP> were sought. H<SUP>+/-+/-</SUP> are excluded in the mass range from zero to 45.6 GeV/c<SUP>2</SUP> and for a coupling constant range that extends down to zero.
THE STAR FORMATION LAW AT LOW SURFACE DENSITY
Wyder, Ted K.,Martin, D. Christopher,Barlow, Tom A.,Foster, Karl,Friedman, Peter G.,Morrissey, Patrick,Neff, Susan G.,Neill, James D.,Schiminovich, David,Seibert, Mark,Bianchi, Luciana,Donas, Jos&eacu IOP Publishing 2009 The Astrophysical journal Vol.696 No.2
SPATIAL CLUSTERING FROM<i>GALEX</i>-SDSS SAMPLES: STAR FORMATION HISTORY AND LARGE-SCALE CLUSTERING
Heinis, Sé,bastien,Budavá,ri, Tamá,s,Szalay, Alex S.,Arnouts, Sté,phane,Aragó,n-Calvo, Miguel A.,Wyder, Ted K.,Barlow, Tom A.,Foster, Karl,Peter, Friedman G.,Martin, D. C IOP Publishing 2009 The Astrophysical journal Vol.698 No.2