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Scoring systems for the management of oncological hepato-pancreato-biliary patients
Alexander W. Coombs,Chloe Jordan,Sabba A. Hussain,Omar Ghandour 한국간담췌외과학회 2022 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.26 No.1
Oncological scoring systems in surgery are used as evidence-based decision aids to best support management through assessing prognosis, effectiveness and recurrence. Currently, the use of scoring systems in the hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) field is limited as concerns over precision and applicability prevent their widespread clinical implementation. The aim of this review was to discuss clinically useful oncological scoring systems for surgical management of HPB patients. A narrative review was conducted to appraise oncological HPB scoring systems. Original research articles of established and novel scoring systems were searched using Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane, and Ovid Medline. Selected models were determined by authors. This review discusses nine scoring systems in cancers of the liver (CLIP, BCLC, ALBI Grade, RETREAT, Fong’s score), pancreas (Genç’s score, mGPS), and biliary tract (TMHSS, MEGNA). Eight models used exclusively objective measurements to compute their scores while one used a mixture of both subjective and objective inputs. Seven models evaluated their scoring performance in external populations, with reported discriminatory c-statistic ranging from 0.58 to 0.82. Selection of model variables was most frequently determined using a combination of univariate and multivariate analysis. Calibration, another determinant of model accuracy, was poorly reported amongst nine scoring systems. A diverse range of HPB surgical scoring systems may facilitate evidence-based decisions on patient management and treatment. Future scoring systems need to be developed using heterogenous patient cohorts with improved stratification, with future trends integrating machine learning and genetics to improve outcome prediction.
Chang, Y.T.,Coombs, G.,Ling, T.,Balaji, V.,Rodrigues, C.,Mikamo, H.,Kim, M.J.,Rajasekaram, D.G.,Mendoza, M.,Tan, T.Y.,Kiratisin, P.,Ni, Y.,Barry, W.,Xu, Y.,Chen, Y.H.,Hsueh, P.R. Elsevier Science Publishers ; Elsevier Science Pub 2017 International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents Vol.49 No.6
This study was conducted to investigate the epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) isolated from intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) in the Asia-Pacific region (APR) from 2010-2013. A total of 17 350 isolates were collected from 54 centres in 13 countries in the APR. The three most commonly isolated GNB were Escherichia coli (46.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (19.3%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.8%). Overall, the rates of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae were 38.2% and 24.3%, respectively, and they were highest in China (66.6% and 38.7%, respectively), Thailand (49.8% and 36.5%, respectively) and Vietnam (47.9% and 30.4%, respectively). During 2010-2013, the rates of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates causing community-associated (CA) IAIs (collected <48@?h after admission) were 26.0% and 13.5%, respectively, and those causing hospital-associated (HA) IAIs were 48.0% and 30.6%, respectively. Amikacin, ertapenem and imipenem were the most effective agents against ESBL-producing isolates. Piperacillin/tazobactam displayed good in vitro activity (91.4%) against CA ESBL-producing E. coli. For other commonly isolated Enterobacteriaceae, fluoroquinolones, cefepime and carbapenems exhibited better in vitro activities than third-generation cephalosporins. Amikacin possessed high in vitro activity against all GNB isolates (>80%) causing IAIs, except for Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii (ACB) complex (30.9% for HA-IAI isolates). All of the antimicrobial agents tested exhibited <45% in vitro activity against ACB complex. Antimicrobial resistance is a persistent threat in the APR and continuous monitoring of evolutionary trends in the susceptibility patterns of GNB causing IAIs in this region is mandatory.
Andrew C. Billings,Timothy Coombs,Kenon A. Brown 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2020 Journal of Global Sport Management Vol.5 No.2
Issues of reputation management are negotiated in a wide array of contexts, yet arguably one of the most visible of these areas involves how such stories unfold within the sporting arena. Whether involving individual athletes, teams, organizations, leagues, or global entities, the process of navigating issues of image repair and/or restoration and crisis-based communication have never been more byzantine with a plethora of communicative media outlets functioning in myriad manners. This special issue of the Journal of Global Sport Management advances scholarship as it relates to the advancement of reputation in sports management contexts, specifically as it relates to crisis communication, image repair, and methods of modern apologia.
The recent investigation and engineering application of YBCO bulk materials
Hong, Z,Jiang, Y,Viznichenko, R V,Coombs, T A The Korean Society of Superconductivity and Cryoge 2008 한국초전도저온공학회논문지 Vol.10 No.2
The application of bulk superconducting materials to electrical power systems is very attractive because bulk high temperature superconductors offer excellent electromagnetic properties. In recent years there has been significant progresses in the research and fabrication of superconducting bulk materials. Numerous efforts have been made worldwide to make bulk YBCO as a replacement of the conventional magnets to produce larger magnetic field and hence to improve the device performance in electrical power applications. This paper gives a comprehensive review of different applications of bulk HTS materials, concentrating in three areas including superconducting bearing, superconducting motors and high field magnets. The advantages of applying superconducting material into each application are analysed. The status of current research in each section is summarized and examples are given to demonstrate how YBCO bulk materials can benefit the design of electrical devices. Several numerical models which calculate the electromagnetic properties of bulk superconductors are introduced and finally the article concludes with a review on the studies of the demagnetisation effect in superconducting bulk magnets which is extremely relevant to applying superconducting technology to rotating machines.
Applications of New Remote Sensing Technology to Natural Rock Slope Stability Analysis
( D Jean Hutchinson ),( David Bonneau ),( Dave Gauthier ),( Ioannis Farmakis ),( Kurri Reich ),( Paul-mark Difrancesco ),( Alex Graham ),( Melanie Coombs ) 대한지질공학회 2019 대한지질공학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.2019 No.2
Assessment of stability of natural rock slopes located above infrastructure corridors, such as railways, and highways is required in order to evaluate potential for failure, loss of infrastructure capacity, and threats to public safety. As these slopes are not engineered, natural failure processes dominate. These are difficult to assess as direct physical access is generally not possible, and monitoring data is rarely available. A variety of remote sensing techniques from several vantage points and platforms have been deployed to evaluate rock slope stability, including LiDAR, photogrammetry, and Gigapan photography, from terrestrial and a variety of airborne platforms. Techniques have been developed to utilize both single data acquisitions as well as time sequential data sets. Analysis of data sets from different sources has proven to be useful in order to reduce loss of data due to occlusion and to provide different data types which are useful for different applications. A number of case histories of large rock slopes in the mountainous areas of western Canada will be used to demonstrate the integration of engineering geology into the remote sensing analysis of the rock slopes. Research products include assessment of the rockmass characteristics, an assessment of block volume, analysis of slope deformation and failures leading to forecasting of potential future events, dependent on the failure mechanism. As the database of rock slope case histories continues to build, we are moving ever closer to a more detailed understanding of rock slope failure modes, precursor events, deformation thresholds and the effect of triggering events.