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Conrad Krawiec,Abigail Kate Myers 한국보건의료인국가시험원 2020 보건의료교육평가 Vol.17 No.-
Purpose: Pediatric clerkships that utilize off-campus clinical sites ensure clinical comparability by requiring completion of patient-focused tasks. Some tasks may not be attainable (especially off-campus); thus, they are not assigned. The objective of this study was toevaluate the feasibility of providing a voluntary assignment list to third-year medical students in their pediatric clerkship. Methods: This is a retrospective single-center cross-sectional analysis of voluntary assignment completion during the 2019–2020 academic year. Third-year medical students were provided a voluntary assignment list (observe a procedure, use an interpreter phone toobtain a pediatric history, ask a preceptor to critique a clinical note, and follow-up on a patient after the rotation ends). Descriptive statistics were used to assess the timing and distribution of voluntary assignment completion. Results: In total, 132 subjects (77 on the main campus, 55 off-campus) were included. Eighteen (13.6%) main-campus and 16(12.1%) off-campus students completed at least 1 voluntary assignment. The following voluntary assignments were completed: observe a procedure (15, 11.4%), use an interpreter phone (26, 19.7%), ask a preceptor to critique a clinical note (12, 9.1%), and follow-up on a patient after the rotation ends (7, 5.3%). Off-campus students completed the assignments more often (29.1%) thanon-campus students (23.4%)Conclusion: Our clerkship values specific patient-focused tasks that may enhance student development, but are not attainable at allclinical sites. When provided a voluntary assignment list, 34 out of 132 students (25.8%) completed them. Clerkships that utilizeoff-campus sites should consider this approach to optimize the pediatric educational experience.
Conrad Krawiec,Vonn Walter,Abigail Kate Myers 한국보건의료인국가시험원 2019 보건의료교육평가 Vol.16 No.-
Purpose: Summative evaluation forms assessing a student’s clinical performance are often completed by a faculty preceptor at the end of a clinical training experience. At our institution, despite the use of an electronic system, timeliness of completion has been suboptimal, potentially limiting our ability to monitor students’ progress. The aim of the present study was to determine whether a student-directed approach to summative evaluation form collection at the end of a pediatrics clerkship would enhance timeliness of completion for third-year medical students. Methods: This was a pre- and post-intervention educational quality improvement project focused on 156 (82 pre-intervention, 74 post-intervention) third-year medical students at Penn State College of Medicine completing their 4-week pediatric clerkship. Utilizing REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture) informatics support, student-directed evaluation form solicitation was encouraged. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was applied to compare the pre-intervention (May 1, 2017 to March 2, 2018) and post-intervention (April 2, 2018 to December 21, 2018) percentages of forms completed before the rotation midpoint. Results: In total, 740 evaluation forms were submitted during the pre-intervention phase and 517 during the post-intervention phase. The percentage of forms completed before the rotation midpoint increased after implementing student-directed solicitation (9.6% vs. 39.7%, P
Conrad Stephen H. Korean System Dynamics Society 2005 한국시스템다이내믹스 연구 Vol.6 No.1
An agricultural commodity production cycle model consisting of corn, beef, and dairy sectors was constructed for the purpose of exploring the propagating effects of large-scale disruptive events. In an initial proof-of-concept exercise, we considered an agricultural disruption scenario in which foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is introduced into the U.S., causing a large-scale outbreak of the disease in both beef and dairy cattle. The magnitude of disruption to the beef and dairy sectors are presented under the existing W response policy and then improvements under two alternative policies are shown.
Molecular Computing with Artificial Neurons
Michael Conrad,Klaus-Peter Zaune 한국정보과학회 2000 정보과학회지 Vol.18 No.8
Today's computers are built up from a minimal set of standard pattern recognition operations. Logic gates, such as NAND, are common examples. Biomolecular materials offer an alternative approach, both in terms of variety and context sensitivity. Enzymes, the basic switching elements in biological cells, are notable for their ability to discriminate specific molecules in a complex background and to do so in a manner that is sensitive to particular milieu features and indifferent to others. The enzyme, in effect, is a powerful context sensitive pattern recognizer. We describe a tabletop pattern processor that in a rough way can be analogized to a neuron whose input-output behavior is controlled by enzymatic dynamics.
Schoch, Conrad L,Seifert, Keith A,Huhndorf, Sabine,Robert, Vincent,Spouge, John L,Levesque, C Andr?,Chen, Wen National Academy of Sciences 2012 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.109 No.16
<P>Six DNA regions were evaluated as potential DNA barcodes for Fungi, the second largest kingdom of eukaryotic life, by a multinational, multilaboratory consortium. The region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 used as the animal barcode was excluded as a potential marker, because it is difficult to amplify in fungi, often includes large introns, and can be insufficiently variable. Three subunits from the nuclear ribosomal RNA cistron were compared together with regions of three representative protein-coding genes (largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, and minichromosome maintenance protein). Although the protein-coding gene regions often had a higher percent of correct identification compared with ribosomal markers, low PCR amplification and sequencing success eliminated them as candidates for a universal fungal barcode. Among the regions of the ribosomal cistron, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region has the highest probability of successful identification for the broadest range of fungi, with the most clearly defined barcode gap between inter- and intraspecific variation. The nuclear ribosomal large subunit, a popular phylogenetic marker in certain groups, had superior species resolution in some taxonomic groups, such as the early diverging lineages and the ascomycete yeasts, but was otherwise slightly inferior to the ITS. The nuclear ribosomal small subunit has poor species-level resolution in fungi. ITS will be formally proposed for adoption as the primary fungal barcode marker to the Consortium for the Barcode of Life, with the possibility that supplementary barcodes may be developed for particular narrowly circumscribed taxonomic groups.</P>