http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Kindergarten und Schulischer Bereich
Herr Colla 한국비교정부학회 2005 한국비교정부학보 Vol.9 No.2
. Der Kindergarten gilt als ein zentrales Sozialisationsfeld fr die Fhigkeit zum lebens begleitenden Lernen und leistet einen wichtigen Beitrag zur kognitiven, emotionalen und sozialen Bildung und wird als die erste Stufe der Bildungslaufbahn angesehen. Je hher der Bildungsstand der Bevlkerung, desto besser ist sie fr die Anfor derungen der modernen Lebens- und Arbeitswelt gerstet. Der Bildungsstand einer Bevlkerung ist eine hufig verwendete Kennzahl fr den Humankapital bestand eines Landes, d.h. fr alle in der Bevlkerung verfgbaren Kenntnisse und Fhig keiten. Der Bevlkerungsrckgang wirkt sich auf dem Arbeitsmarkt so lange nicht gravierend aus, als sich mehr junge Menschen fr qualifizierte Ausbildungs gnge entscheiden.
A novel antimicrobial-containing nanocellulose scaffold for regenerative endodontics
Kichler Victoria,Teixeira Lucas Soares,Prado Maick Meneguzzo,Colla Guilherme,Schuldt Daniela Peressoni Vieira,Coelho Beatriz Serrato,Porto Luismar Marques,de Almeida Josiane 대한치과보존학회 2021 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.46 No.2
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) membranes incorporated with antimicrobial agents regarding cytotoxicity in fibroblasts of the periodontal ligament (PDLF), antimicrobial activity, and inhibition of multispecies biofilm formation. Materials and Methods: The tested BNC membranes were BNC + 1% clindamycin (BNC/CLI); BNC + 0.12% chlorhexidine (BNC/CHX); BNC + nitric oxide (BNC/NO); and conventional BNC (BNC; control). After PDLF culture, the BNC membranes were positioned in the wells and maintained for 24 hours. Cell viability was then evaluated using the MTS calorimetric test. Antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Actinomyces naeslundii, and Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis) was evaluated using the agar diffusion test. To assess the antibiofilm activity, BNC membranes were exposed for 24 hours to the mixed culture. After sonicating the BNC membranes to remove the remaining biofilm and plating the suspension on agar, the number of colony-forming units (CFU)/mL was determined. Data were analyzed by 1-way analysis of variance and the Tukey, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn tests (α = 5%). Results: PDLF metabolic activity after contact with BNC/CHX, BNC/CLI, and BNC/NO was 35%, 61% and 97%, respectively, compared to BNC. BNC/NO showed biocompatibility similar to that of BNC (p = 0.78). BNC/CLI showed the largest inhibition halos, and was superior to the other BNC membranes against S. sanguinis (p < 0.05). The experimental BNC membranes inhibited biofilm formation, with about a 3-fold log CFU reduction compared to BNC (p < 0.05). Conclusions: BNC/NO showed excellent biocompatibility and inhibited multispecies biofilm formation, similarly to BNC/CLI and BNC/CHX.
Novel nuclear localization signal regulated by ambient tonicity in vertebrates.
Kwon, Min Seong,Lee, Sang Do,Kim, Jeong-Ah,Colla, Emanuela,Choi, Yu Jeong,Suh, Pann-Ghil,Kwon, H Moo American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2008 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.283 No.33
<P>TonEBP is a Rel domain-containing transcription factor implicated in adaptive immunity, viral replication, and cancer. In the mammalian kidney, TonEBP is a central regulator of water homeostasis. Animals deficient in TonEBP suffer from life-threatening dehydration due to renal water loss. Ambient tonicity (effective osmolality) is the prominent signal for TonEBP in a bidirectional manner; TonEBP activity decreases in hypotonicity, whereas it increases in hypertonicity. Here we found that TonEBP displayed nuclear export in response to hypotonicity and nuclear import in response to hypertonicity. The nuclear export of TonEBP was not mediated by the nuclear export receptor CRM1 or discrete nuclear export signal. In contrast, a dominant nuclear localization signal (NLS) was found in a small region of 16 amino acid residues. When short peptides containing the NLS were fused to constitutively cytoplasmic proteins, the fusion proteins displayed tonicity-dependent nucleocytoplasmic trafficking like TonEBP. Thus, tonicity-dependent activation of the NLS is crucial in the nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of TonEBP. The novel NLS is present only in the vertebrates, indicating that it developed late in evolution.</P>