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낮은 복잡도의 극 부호 신뢰 전파 복호 조기 종료 판별기
이충수(Chungsu Lee),백성열(Sungyeol Back),박찬수(Chansoo Park),오왕록(Wangrok Oh) 한국통신학회 2024 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.49 No.3
Belief propagation (BP) decoding algorithm was proposed as a low latency decoding algorithm for polar codes. Unfortunately it requires relatively high decoding complexity compared to successive cancellation decoding. To remedy high complexity problem, early termination BP algorithm was proposed which requires additional complexity for stopping criteria test. In this paper, we propose low-complexity early termination detectors based on the characteristics of log-likelihood ratios generated within BP detectors. The proposed detectors offer identical performance with lower complexity compared to conventional detectors.
Hwang, Chungsu,Lee, So Jung,Lee, Jung Hee,Kim, Ki Hyung,Suh, Dong Soo,Kwon, Byung-Su,Choi, Kyung Un D.A. Spandidos 2019 Oncology letters Vol.17 No.5
<P>Studies on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) have focused on the clinical significance of inflammatory cells of specific subtypes that are identifiable using immunohistochemistry. However, the subtypes of inflammatory cells that reportedly affect patient survival and prognosis have differed from study to study, and few studies have examined TILs using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the clinical importance of general stromal TILs in EOC by using H&E staining to apply breast cancer recommendations from the International TILs Working Group 2014 on breast cancer using H&E staining. Stromal TILs in 256 EOC cases from Pusan National University Hospital and 475 cases of high-grade serous carcinoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset were assessed. Stromal TILs were evaluated using H&E-stained slides according to the breast cancer recommendations of the International Working Group 2014, and patients were classified into low and high stromal TIL groups according to their stromal TIL values. The associations of these groups with clinicopathologic factors were assessed, and it was confirmed that group membership correlated with survival and prognosis. According to the χ<SUP>2</SUP> assessment, the stromal TIL group was associated with tumor grade. Furthermore, the stromal TIL group was associated with overall survival according to Kaplan-Meier analysis with the log-rank test. Finally, the stromal TIL group was an independent prognostic factor according to univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. In cases of EOC, the evaluation of general stromal TILs on H&E-stained slides could be used to predict prognosis.</P>
Drying characteristics and quality of red ginseng using far-infrared rays
Ning, Xiaofeng,Lee, Junsoo,Han, Chungsu The Korean Society of Ginseng 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.4
Background: The current typical drying methods for red ginseng are sun drying and hot-air drying. The purpose of this study was to investigate drying characteristics of red ginseng by using far-infrared drying. Methods: The far-infrared drying tests on red ginseng were conducted at two drying stages: (1) high temperature for 24 h drying and (2) low temperature drying until the final moisture content was $13{\pm}0.5%$ (wet basis). The high temperature drying stage included three drying chamber temperature conditions of $60^{\circ}C$, $65^{\circ}C$, and $70^{\circ}C$. The low temperature drying stage was conducted at temperatures of $45^{\circ}C$ and $50^{\circ}C$. Drying characteristics were analyzed based on factors such as drying rate, color changes, energy consumption, and saponin content. The results were compared with those of the hot-air and sun drying methods. Results: The results revealed that increases in drying temperature caused a decrease in drying time and energy consumption for far-infrared drying. The saponin content decreased under all drying conditions after drying, the highest value (11.34 mg/g) was observed at drying conditions of $60{\sim}50^{\circ}C$. The sun drying condition showed the lowest color difference value when compared with far-infrared and hot-air drying. Conclusion: The far-infrared drying showed a faster drying rate, higher saponin content, lower color difference value, and a decrease in energy consumption than seen in hot-air drying.
FolksoViz: Wikipedia 본문을 이용한 상하위 관계 기반 폭소노미 시각화 기법
이강표(Kangpyo Lee),김현우(Hyunwoo Kim),장충수(Chungsu Jang),김형주(Hyoung-Joo Kim) 한국정보과학회 2008 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지 Vol.14 No.4
다수의 사용자들의 협력태깅으로 생성되는 폭소노미는 웹 2.0을 이끌고 있는 대표적인 요소이다. 태그는 어떤 웹 문서를 기술하는 웹 메타데이타라고 할 수 있는데, 협력태깅으로 이루어진 태그들 사이의 의미적인 상하위 관계를 밝혀내 이를 시각화한다면, 사용자들이 문서의 메타데이타를 보다 직관적으로 이해하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 del.icio.us의 태그들을 대상으로 하여, Wikipedia 텍스트를 이용한 태그들간 상하위 관계 산출 기법을 제안한다. 이를 위해 태그들이 Wikipeida 텍스트상에서 출현하는 빈도수를 기반으로 태그들간 상하위 관계를 산출하는 통계적인 모델링을 제안하였고, 각각의 태그를 그에 상응하는 Wikipedia 텍스트에 매핑시키는 TSD 기법을 제안하였다. 이렇게 산출된 상하위 관계 짝들은 시각화 기법을 통하여 효과적으로 화면에 표현되었다. 실제로 우리가 제안하는 알고리즘이 태그들간의 상하위 관계들을 높은 정확도로 찾아내었음을 실험을 통해 확인하였다. Folksonomy, which is created through the collaborative tagging from many users, is one of the driving factors of Web 2.0. Tags are said to be the web metadata describing a web document. If we are able to find the semantic subsumption relationships between tags created through the collaborative tagging, it can help users understand the metadata more intuitively. In this paper, targeting del.icio.us tag data, we propose a method named FolksoViz for deriving subsumption relationships between tags by using Wikipedia texts. For this purpose, we propose a statistical model for deriving subsumption relationships based on the frequency of each tag on the Wikipedia texts, and TSD (Tag Sense Disambiguation) method for mapping each tag to a corresponding Wikipedia text. The derived subsumption pairs are visualized effectively on the screen. The experiment shows that our proposed algorithm managed to find the correct subsumption pairs with high accuracy.
최수용(Suyong Choi),김준성(Junseong Kim),백성열(Sungyeol Back),이충수(Chungsu Lee),오왕록(Wangrok Oh) 한국통신학회 2022 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.2
기존의 극 부호 (polar codes)는 이진 위상 천위 변조 (binary phase shift keying) 기법이 사용된다는 가정하에 부호 비트(coded bit)가 전송되는 채널의 신뢰도 (reliability)를 동일하게 설정하여 채널 양극화(polarization)를 수행한다. 한편 64-QAM(quadrature amplitude modulation) 변조를 사용하는 시스템에서는 각 심볼 (symbol)에 매핑되는 부호 비트들의 신뢰도가 동일하지 않다. 따라서 기존의 극 부호 설계는 64-QAM과 같은 고차원 변조 (high order modulation)를 사용하는 시스템에서는 성능 열화가 발생할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 64-QAM 변조 시스템을 사용하는 경우에 설계 과정에서 부호 비트가 매핑되는 각 채널의 신뢰도를 다르게 설정하는 극 부호 설계 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법은 64-QAM 변조 방식을 사용하는 시스템에서 기존 기법 대비 부호화 및 복호화 복잡도 증가 없이 성능을 개선할 수 있는 장점이 있다.