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윤서현(Seohyun Yoon),박주현(Ju-Hyun Park),기도형(Dohyung Kee),고태경(Tai Kyung Koh),강충원(Chung-Won Kang),고동희(Dong-Hee Koh),김현주(Hyunjoo Kim) 대한인간공학회 2018 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.37 No.6
Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the working time patterns including length, shift type, shift intensity, and special aspects of working hours for hospital nurses. Background: Working time patterns, such as long working hours and shift work with night shift, are important public health issue. However, most of the previous studies were based on the self-report data, and only a few studies have attempted to comprehensively estimate the working time pattern by considering various aspects of work. Method: The work schedule of a total of 1,254 nurses who worked at a general hospital in 2017, were analyzed using the electronic data recorded in the computerized system. We examined 15 potentially health-relevant working time factors for nurses, categorized under four main domain heading of: (1) Time of the day, (2) length of working hours, (3) shift intensity, and (4) special aspects of working hours. Results: Among a total of 1,254 nurses, most nurses (82.4%) were work with 3-shift type. 2-shfit nurses had 32.3±24.3% of the experience of more than 40 hours a week, followed by 3-shift nurses (22.5±18.7), and daytime nurses (14.7±11.6). But the experience of three consecutive night shift spells were higher among 3-shift (4.1±6.2 times) than 2-shift nurses (0.3±0.5), and the experience of working on weekend or legal holiday was higher in 3-shift nurses (42.9±23.2%) than 2-shift (36.6±17.9) and daytime (12.7±11.3) nurses, while the number of having more than three consecutive free days was lowest in 3-shift nurses (8.9±6.0 times) compared with 2-shift (21.3±12.6) and daytime nurses (10.3±5.9). Conclusion: 3-shift nurses had less long working hours, but high shift intensity and disadvantageous social working conditions than 2-shfit nurses, and 2-shift nurses worked with night shift and had long working hours, high shift intensity, but advantageous in social aspects than daytime nurses. Application: The results of this study might help to improve understanding of working time pattern in hospital nurses, and lay an important foundation for further research on health of nurses in Korea.
김재관(Jae-Kwan Kim),오문석(Moon-Seog Oh),김기유(Ki-Yu Kim),김영수(Yeong-Su Kim),손미희(Mi-Hee Son),배호정(Ho-Jung Bae),강충원(Chung-Won Kang),박용복(Young-Bok Park),윤미혜(Mihye-Yoon),이정복(Jongbok-Lee),정주연(Ju-Yeon Jeong) 한국농약과학회 2011 농약과학회지 Vol.15 No.1
The investigation of 218 residual pesticides for 19 types of tea (persimmon leaf tea, chrysanthemum tea, green tea, lavender tea, rosemary tea, dandelion leaf tea, puer tea, mulberry leaf tea, hydrangea leaf tea, jasmine tea, nuomixiang tea, buckwheat tea, mugwort tea, lotus leaf tea, oolong tea, longjing tea, rose tea, tiehkwanyin tea and huoguo tea) obtained from markets in Ansan and Suwon was carried out to assess the risk for residual pesticides in tea. The detection rate was 23.1 % (19 samples of total 65 tea samples) and the detected pesticides were 15 pesticides, such as bifenthrin, bromopropylate, chlorpyrifos, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, chlorfenapyr, dicofol, endosulfan, fenpropathrin, fludioxonil, fenvalerate, iprobenfos, isoprothiolane, tetradifon and triazophos. The range of concentrations for the detected residual pesticides was 0.01 to 1.24 ㎎/㎏ which showed below their maximum residue limits (MRL), but the residual concentration of bifenthrin in a puer tea showed above the legal limit of 0.3 ㎎/㎏. The result of risk assessment of residual pesticides for the detected 15 samples showed that EDI (estimated daily intake) of the pesticides detected ranged 0.0001~0.0844% of their ADI (acceptable daily intake).