A Study on Characteristics of Atmospheric Heavy Metals in Subway Station

Kim, Chun-Huem,Yoo, Dong-Chul,Kwon, Young-Min,Han, Woong-Soo,Kim, Gi-Sun,Park, Mi-Jung,Kim, Young-Soon,Choi, Dal-Woong Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2010 Toxicological Research Vol.27 No.2

In this study, we investigated the atmospheric heavy metal concentrations in the particulate matter inside the subway stations of Seoul. In particular, we examined the correlation between the heavy metals and studied the effect of the heavy metals on cell proliferation. In six selected subway stations in Seoul, particulate matter was captured at the platforms and 11 types of heavy metals were analyzed. The results showed that the mean concentration of iron was the highest out of the heavy metals in particulate matter, followed by copper, potassium, calcium, zinc, nickel, sodium, manganese, magnesium, chromium and cadmium in that order. The correlation analysis showed that the correlations between the heavy metals was highest in the following order: (Cu vs Zn), (Ca vs Na), (Ca vs Mn), (Ni vs Cr), (Na vs Mn), (Cr vs Cd), (Zn vs Cd), (Cu vs Cd), (Ni vs Cd), (Cu vs Ni), (K vs Zn), (Cu vs K), (Cu vs Cr), (K vs Cd), (Zn vs Cr), (K vs Ni), (Zn vs Ni), (K vs Cr), and (Fe vs Cu). The correlation coefficient between zinc and copper was 0.937, indicating the highest correlation. Copper, zinc, nickel, chromium and cadmium, which are generated from artificial sources in general, showed correlations with many of the other metals and the correlation coefficients were also relatively high. The effect of the heavy metals on cell proliferation was also investigated in this study. Cultured cell was exposed to 10 mg/l or 100 mg/l of iron, copper, calcium, zinc, nickel, manganese, magnesium, chromium and cadmium for 24 hours. The cell proliferation in all the heavy metal-treated groups was not inhibited at 10 mg/l of the heavy metal concentration. The only exception to this was with the cadmium-treated group which showed a strong cell proliferation inhibition. This study provides the fundamental data for the understanding of simultaneous heavy metal exposure tendency at the time of particulate matter exposure in subway stations and the identification of heavy metal sources. Moreover, this study can be used as the fundamental data for the cell toxicity study of the subway-oriented heavy metal-containing particulate matter.

A Study on Characteristics of Atmospheric Heavy Metals in Subway Station

Chun-Huem Kim,Dong-Chul Yoo,Young-Min Kwon,Woong-Soo Han,Gi-Sun Kim,Mi-Jung Park,Young Soon Kim,Dalwoong Choi 한국독성학회 2010 Toxicological Research Vol.26 No.2

In this study, we investigated the atmospheric heavy metal concentrations in the particulate matter inside the subway stations of Seoul. In particular, we examined the correlation between the heavy metals and studied the effect of the heavy metals on cell proliferation. In six selected subway stations in Seoul, particulate matter was captured at the platforms and 11 types of heavy metals were analyzed. The results showed that the mean concentration of iron was the highest out of the heavy metals in particulate matter, followed by copper, potassium, calcium, zinc, nickel, sodium, manganese, magnesium, chromium and cadmium in that order. The correlation analysis showed that the correlations between the heavy metals was highest in the following order: (Cu vs Zn), (Ca vs Na), (Ca vs Mn), (Ni vs Cr), (Na vs Mn), (Cr vs Cd), (Zn vs Cd), (Cu vs Cd), (Ni vs Cd), (Cu vs Ni), (K vs Zn), (Cu vs K), (Cu vs Cr), (K vs Cd), (Zn vs Cr), (K vs Ni), (Zn vs Ni), (K vs Cr), and (Fe vs Cu). The correlation coefficient between zinc and copper was 0.937, indicating the highest correlation. Copper, zinc, nickel, chromium and cadmium, which are generated from artificial sources in general, showed correlations with many of the other metals and the correlation coefficients were also relatively high. The effect of the heavy metals on cell proliferation was also investigated in this study. Cultured cell was exposed to 10 ㎎/l or 100 ㎎/l of iron, copper, calcium, zinc, nickel, manganese, magnesium, chromium and cadmium for 24 hours. The cell proliferation in all the heavy metal-treated groups was not inhibited at 10 ㎎/l of the heavy metal concentration. The only exception to this was with the cadmium-treated group which showed a strong cell proliferation inhibition. This study provides the fundamental data for the understanding of simultaneous heavy metal exposure tendency at the time of particulate matter exposure in subway stations and the identification of heavy metal sources. Moreover, this study can be used as the fundamental data for the cell toxicity study of the subway-oriented heavy metalcontaining particulate matter.

Dietary Exposure and Risk Assessment of Mercury from the Korean Total Diet Study

Kwon, Young Min,Lee, Haeng Shin,Yoo, Dong Chul,Kim, Chun Huem,Kim, Gi Sun,Kim, Ji Ae,Lee, Yu Na,Kim, Young Soon,Kang, Kyung Mo,No, Ki Mi,Paek, Ock Jin,Seo, Jung Hyuk,Choi, Hoon,Park, Sung Kug,Choi, Do Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2009 Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Pa Vol.72 No.21

<P>As a national project, obtaining information on the amount of heavy metal exposure of individuals through food intake is an important basic parameter for risk assessment. This study was conducted to evaluate dietary exposure levels and various risks from mercury (Hg) in Korean foods. In total, 342 samples comprising 114 food items were collected and then cooked prior to analysis. As found by Hg analysis, the mean content of metal in the fish and shellfish group was highest among the 15 Korean food groups. The total daily amount of Hg intake from typical Korean foods was 2.40 mug/person/d. The daily amount (mug/person/d) of Hg intake from each food group was 0.155 in grains and cereals, 0.008 potatoes and starch, 0.005 sugars and sweets, 0.0093 pulses, 0.0018 nuts and seeds, 0.203 vegetables, 0.027 fruits, 0.021 meats and poultry, 0.004 eggs, 1.826 fish and shellfish, 0.022 seaweed, 0.043 milk and dairy products, 0.008 oils and fats, 0.042 beverages, and 0.023 seasonings. The fish and shellfish group contributed most to total dietary intake at 76%. For risk assessment, probable daily intake (PDI) was calculated and compared with provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). The level of Hg intake through fish and shellfish of 0.001 mg/kg body weight bw/wk corresponded to 4.54% of the PTWI value of 0.005 mg/kg bw/wk, the safety standard for JECFA. The level of Hg intake through selected foods from the Food list for Koreans was 0.001 mg/kg bw/wk, corresponding to 5.95% of PTWI value. Therefore, overall intake was at levels below the recommended JECFA levels. The relative gender Hg hazard from Korean foods was 6.26% and 5.5% for males and females, respectively. The relative age Hg hazard from Korean foods was, 8.9% in those 3-6 yr old, 6.7% in those 7-12 yr old, 5.2% in those 13-19 yr old, 5.9% in those 20-29 yr old, 6.3% in those 30-49 yr old, 5.6% in those ages 50-64 yr, and 3.7% in the group of those over 65 yr of age. Relative regional Hg hazard from Korean foods was 6.3% in urban versus 5.5% in rural areas. Thus, the amount of Hg intake through consumption of Korean foods was found to be at a relatively safe level. These data may be thus used to establish safety standards for fish and shellfish consumption.</P>

Rapid and direct detection of apolipoprotein E genotypes using whole blood from humans.

Kim, Suhng Wook,Heo, Ji Hye,Kim, Chun Huem,Yoo, Dong Chul,Won, Dong Hwan,Lee, Seung Gwan,Cho, Kyoung Jin,Song, Jung Han,Park, Su Jeong,Yang, Young Geun,Choi, Dal Woong Taylor Francis 2010 Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Pa Vol.73 No.21

<P>Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a powerful molecular biological tool in the field of toxicity testing and diagnostics. The use of PCR for large-scale genetic testing requires an effective method of sample processing. Unfortunately, isolation of PCR-quality DNA is time-consuming. PCR performed directly on whole blood is preferred because of time efficiency, cost of the procedure, and possible automation for large-scale toxicity evaluation and diagnosis. The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene contains two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) located at codons 112 and 158, producing three APOE protein isoforms known to be associated with the risks of developing cardiovascular disease and susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, an attempt was made to use the AnyDirect solution for APOE genotyping by PCR using whole blood directly without DNA purification. Results for two PCR methods, (1) conventional PCR using purified DNA and conventional buffer and (2) direct PCR using whole blood and AnyDirect solution, were compared in four different PCR-based APOE genotyping methods including PCR restriction-fragment-length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), allele-specific PCR, SNaPshot mini-sequencing, and multiplex tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system (T-ARMS) PCR. There was complete concordance in the APOE genotypes between conventional PCR and direct PCR, in all four different PCR-based APOE genotyping methods. Data demonstrated that the four different PCR-based APOE genotyping methods are able to determine the APOE genotypes successfully using whole blood directly with the use of AnyDirect solution. The direct multiplex T-ARMS PCR using whole blood may be the most rapid, simple, and inexpensive method for detecting APOE genotypes among four different APOE genotyping methods.</P>

[프로젝트 리포트] 카타르 하마드 메디컬 시티 현장

김정철(Kim, Jung-Chul),전익수(Chun, Ik-Soo),신상흠(Shin, Sang-Huem) 대한건축학회 2015 建築 Vol.59 No.9

믹서의 종류에 따른 영양소 함량 변화에 대한 연구

최병범(Byung Bum Choi),김천흠(Chun Huem Kim),김영순(Young Soon Kim) 한국조리학회 2014 한국조리학회지 Vol.20 No.6