The HBV DNA Amounts in Serum Have No relationship with ALT level and Hetergeneous Population Coexits in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Chun, Yoon-Keun,Ha, Joo-hun,Hong-Jung-Woo,Oh, Soo-Myung,Kim, Sung-Soo 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Yoon-Keun Chun¹,Joohun Ha□Hong-Jung Woo□, Soo Myung Oh□,Sung Soo Kim□ ¹Department of Molecular Biology, College of Medicine,²Department of Surgery, college of Medicine,³Department of Internal Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine,and ⁴East-Weat Medical Reserch Institute,Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. The HBV DNA Amounts in Serum Have No relationship with ALT level and Hetergeneous Population Coexits in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 212-230, 1999. -Hepatitis B is caused by hepadnavirus. Hepatitis B virus replicates through 3.5kb pregenomic RNA intermediate which is regulated by core promoter. Pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus has been bilieved the result of host immune response. But recently many studies have reported that high level of viral replication caused by mutation in core promoter might result in severs hepatitis. But these studies were performed in vitro, not in vivo. So there is yet debate about which factor, viral of host factor, is more important in pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus. So we measured real viral replication level in 204 chronic hepatitis B patients by quantifying HBV DNA from sera by our novel PCR-based more sensitive method, and compared these results with ALT level measured from same sera, which indicates liver cell damage. Surprisingly there are no significant correlation between HBV DNA quantity and ALT level. Then we cloned core promoter region. In SSCP, we found that many viral mutants coexist in one patient. Base on SSCP result, we chose main viral core promoter type in each patients, which is thought to determine overall viral replication level in this patient. Main type of core promoter region of each 41 patients were directly sequenced. And with these we measured promoter activity by luciferase assay system and compared promoter activity with on another. We found tha there were some differences in promoter activity according to core promoter sequences. And we constructed replication-competent viral constructs with core promoter from 41 patients and Transfected these into HepG2 cell and measured HBV DNA by southern blot. There were also differences in HBV DNA quantity according to core promoter sequences. On these all results we investigated correlation between the effect of HBV core promoter on viral replication in vitro and HBN DNA quantity, ALT level from sera of each patients. We found there is no significant correlation among them. As a result, we concluded that in determining severity chronic hepatitis B patients, host factors of each patient is more important rather than replicative activity of virus itself.

Nitrogen, pH 및 Cytokinins 處理가 人蔘 懸獨培養細胞의 生長과 페놀化合物의 生成에 미치는 影響

윤화모,안춘희 培材大學校 1997 培材論叢 Vol.2 No.-

人蔘細胞의 懸濁培養에 의한 페놀화합물 生産可能性을 檢討하기 위하여 培養細胞의 生長 및 페놀화합물의 生産에 適合한 窒素源形態와 濃度, pH 및 cytokinins의 濃度를 알아보고자 實驗을 遂行하였다. 窒素源의 濃度는 0.04 M 以下로 낮추고 ammonium態 窒素源의 比率을 높였을 때 細胞生長 및 페놀함량 모두 增加하였다. 培地의 pH는 5.5에서 細胞生長 및 페놀함량이 서서히 增加하다가 pH 6.0 以上에서 增加하여 pH 6.5에서 最大値를 나타낸 후 다시 減少하였다. cytokinins은 2-ip를 添加하였을 때 細胞生長이 다소 촉진되었고 페놀 含量이 증가되었다. This study was carried out to find out the proper culture conditions such as levels of nitrogen, pH and cytokinin for the production of phenolic compounds through the cell suspension culture of ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer). When the nitrogen contents were reduced below 0.04 M and the ratio of ammonium type were raised, both the growth of callus and the contents of phenolic compounds increased. Raising the pH of media to 6.5 improved both the growth of callus and production of phenolic compounds. On the media containing 2-ip, the growth of callus was stimulated a little and the content of phenolic compounds increased.

수용액에서 N-[(4,6-Disubstituted Pyrimidin-2-yl)Aminocarbonyl] Saccharin 유도체의 합성

윤무홍,이천수 啓明大學校 産業技術硏究所 1997 産業技術硏究所 論文報告集 Vol.20 No.-

N-[(4,6-Disubstituted pyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]saccharin derivatives can be easily synthesized by treating the basic solution of alkyl or phenyl (2-methoxycarbonyl phenyl sulfonyl)carbamate is dissolved in excess potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, with the acidic solution of 2-amino-4,6-disubstituted pyrimidine ammonium chlorides. Their corresponding chemical structures are identified by IR, ¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR as follows: N-[(pyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]saccharin(5), N-[(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]saccharin(6),N-[(4-methoxy-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)amino-carbony]saccharin(7), N-[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl) aminocarbonyl]saccharin(8), N-[(4-ethoxy-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl]aminocarbonyl]saccharin(9), N-[(4-i-propoxy-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]saccharin(10), N-[(4-butoxy-6-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)aminocarbonyl]saccharin(11).

강진만 해역의 다모류 군집의 종조성 및 계절변동

윤성민,김춘철,서원일,황선영,이성훈,한경호,이우범 國立麗水大學校 環境問題硏究所 2004 環境硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.-

To detemine seasonal fluctuations in abundance and speices composition, polychaete samples were collected by Van Veen grab form March to November 2003 in Kangjin Bay. A total of 25,119.3 ind./㎡ polycaete were sampled and identified into 48 species. 25 families and 10 orders. Of the 10 orders. Phllodocida, Spionida, Eunicida and Sabellida accounted for approximately 79.9% of the polychaete fauna in this area. Phyllodocida, Nereidae, Nephtyidae ans Spionidae were dominant representing every moment 4 species. Of 48 species identified Neanthes japonica, Prionospio pinnate, Cirratulus cirratus and Palola siciliensis for 54.0% individuals collected. Season succession of dominant species was evident in study area: Neanthes japonica, Prionospio pinnata. Cirratulus cirratus. Nephtys oligobranchia in March, Neanthes japonica, Lumbrineris japonica. Cirratulus cirratus, Prionospio pinnata in May, Ncanthes japonica, Cirratulus cirratus, Lumbrineris nippnica. Lumbrineris japonica in August and Neanthes japonica, Prionospio pinnata, Laonice cirrata, Palola siciliensis in November, respectively. The diversity index was the highest value in March(H'=3.0059) and the lowest value in May(H'=2.7305). The eveness index was the highest in August(J=0.9184) and lowest in May(J=0.8524). The dominance index was the highest in May(D=0.3843) and the lowest in March(D=0.2275).

한국인의 급성 골수성 백혈병 및 골수 이형성 증후군과 HLA 연관성

윤정숙,김원일,한경자,김용구,임지향,민우성,김춘추 대한조혈모세포이식학회 2000 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.5 No.1

배경:주조직 적합항원 복합체(Major Histocompatibility Complex : MHC)는 쥐에서 처음 이식 항원으로 발견된 이래 이식 면역 분야에서 광범위하게 연구되어 왔으며, 면역 반응을 조절하는 주요 유전자로서 감염, 종양, 자가면역 질환 등의 발생에 관여한다. 사람에서 자가 면역 질환과 HLA 연관성이 증명되어 있으나, 백혈병에서 HLA 연관성에 관한 연구는 드물며 대상군 수가 유의한 결론을 얻기에 부족하다. 본 연구에서는 급성 골수성 백혈병(AML)과 골수 이형성 증후군(MDS) 환자를 대상으로 HLA class I, II 항원 및 2-유전자좌 일배체형 빈도를 구하고, 이를 정상 대조군과 비교하는 통계적 방법으로 AML 및 MDS군과 연관된 HLA 항원 및 일배체형이 있는지 살펴보고, AML군은 FAB 분류와 면역 표현형 분류에 따른 아군으로 분류하여 각 아군과 연관된 HLA 항원 및 일배체형을 관찰함으로써 AML 및 MDS군과 HLA의 연관성을 규명해 보고자 하였다. 방법:1991년 1월부터 1998년 7월까지 성모병원에 내원하여 NIH standard microlymphocytotoxicity를 이용한 혈청학적 방법으로 HLA class I, II 항원 형별 검사를 실시한 415례의 AML과 62례의 MDS 환자를 대상으로 하여 각 질환군과 FAB, 면역 표현형 아군에서 HLA 항원 빈도와 유전자 빈도를 구하고, 항원 빈도를 대조군과 비교하여 Haldane’s method에 따라 상대 위험도(RR)를 구한 뒤 chi-square 법으로 유의성을 검증하였다. AML, MDS 각 질환군과 아군에서 square root법을 이용하여 HLA A-B, C-B, B-DR 2-유전자좌 일배체형 빈도를 구하고, 이를 대조군과 비교하여 chi-square 법으로 유의성을 검증하였다. 결과:1) Cw8이 AML, MDS 질환군에서 RR이 0.10, 0.22로 매우 감소하여 이들 질환과 강한 연관성 정도를 나타냈다(p<0.001). 2) Blank 유전자 빈도의 증가가 AML, MDS 질환군의 각 HLA locus에서 관찰되었으며, 특히 이 분석 결과는 DR locus에서 현저하여, AML과 MDS군에서 DR-blank 빈도는 11.6%, 7.0%로 매우 증가하였다. 3)AML군과 A2-B61, Cw8-B61, B62-DR11 일배체형 연관성과, MDS군과 Cw3-B51, B62-DR14, B35-DR9 일배체형 연관성이 관찰되었다. 4)FAB 분류별 아군에서 AML-M3와 A33 항원 연관성과 AML-M1과 A2-B51 일배체형 연관성이 높은 통계적 유의성을 나타내었다(p<0.001). 5) AML 면역 표현형 아군에서 HLA-A29, B56 항원과 panmyeloid 면역 표현형인 CD33, CD15와의 연관성이 관찰되었고, A2-B48, Cw7-B44 일배체형과 myeloid 면역 표현형인 CD34, CD33, CD11c와의 연관성이 관찰되었다. 결론:AML과 MDS는 HLA와 연관성 있는 질환이며, AML과 MDS군의 발생 및 AML군에서 백혈병 세포의 분화 단계를 예측하기 위해 본 연구 자료가 유용할 것으로 생각된다. Background:The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) has been widely studied in the field of transplantation immunology, since initially defined as transplantation antigen in mouse in 1936. Although associations have been demonstrated between many autoimmune diseases and HLA in human, the studies of HLA association with human leukemia are rare, and have too small sample size to get a significant result. We tried to invesgate the association of AML and MDS with HLA, and the association of FAB, immunological subgroup with HLA in AML group by using appropriate statistical methods. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the HLA role in the development of AML and MDS, and find any HLA antigens or haplotypes which can predict the development of AML or MDS. Methods: The subject of this study was 415 patients with AML and 62 patients with MDS who admitted in St. Mary's hospital between 1991. 1. and 1998. 7., and were typed for HLA class I, II antigens by using serological method of NIH standard microlymphocytotoxicity. We calculated the HLA antigen, gene and 2-locus haplotype frequencies in AML and MDS group and FAB, immunological subgroup, calculated relative risk by Haldane's method by comparing HLA antigen frequencies in disease group with those in normal control population. The Chi-Square method or Fisher's exact test was used to assess the significance of the differencies in the antigen and haplogtype distributions in the control vs disease population. Results: 1)The frequencies of Cw8 were severely decreased in AML and MDS population with relative risk of 0.10, 0.22, and revealed high statistical significance with p-values less than 0.001, suggesting strong Cw8 association with AML and MDS. This means Cw8 may be a gene which resists to the development of AML and MDS, or may be linked to other recessive gene, Cw8 may be a gene which encodes increased immune responses to exogenous antigens such as leukemia virus, or may be linked to other immune response gene, otherwise, Cw8 may be an antigen which has a key role in immune surveillance to the development of AML or MDS. 2) Blank gene frequencies were increased in AML and MDS group, and this phenomenon was prominent in DR locus, showing 11.6% and 7.0% of DR-blank gene frequencies in AML and MDS. This suggests increased HLA homozygosity or increased undetected antigens due to loss or modification of HLA alleles in AML and MDS. 3) The associations of A2-B61, Cw8-B61, B62-DR11 haplotypes with AML, and A30-B14, Cw3-B51, B62-DR14, B35-DR9 haplotypes with MDS were observed. 4) According to FAB classification in AML, highly significant HLA-A33 antigen association with AML-M3 and A2-B51 haplotype association with AML-M1 were observed. 5) According to immunological classification in AML, HLA-A29, B56 each antigen association with CD33, CD15, panmyeloid immunophenotypes and A2-B48, Cw7-B44 each haplotype association with CD34, CD33, CD11c, myeloid immunophenotypes were observed. Conclusion:AML and MDS is a disease associated with HLA, and this study will be valuable in predicting the development of AML and MDS, differentiation stages of leukemic cells in AML.

지반진동 전파에 관한 연구

전종균,박윤창 선문대학교 첨단과학기술연구소 1998 첨단과학기술연구소 논문집 Vol.3 No.-

차량 또는 열차에 의해 발생되는 지반진동문제는 인근구조물의 피해와 주변생활환경을 악화시키는 요인으로 인식되고 있다. 이러한 지반진동문제는 주로 표명을 따라 전달되는 Rayleigh파의 영향이 가장 큰 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 Rayleigh 파의 지반전달특성을 검토하고 수치모형에 있어서의 매개변수를 산정하여 진동차단 방진구의 최적화설계에 필요한 기초자료(파의 파장 및 감쇠특성)를 수집하는데 그 목적이 있다. The ground vibration by vehicles or trains has been recognized one of the major factors to damage a near-by structures and environments. It has been known that this problem is the most affected by Rayleigh wave which carries the most of energies following the ground surface. By inspecting characteristics of the Rayleigh wave and parameters of numerical model, the aim of this study is to establish preliminary data(wave lengths and damping characteristics of wave) to optimize designing antivibration barriers.

초등학교 체육수업에서의 문제행동 아동에 관한 연구

전윤선,김경숙 이화여자대학교 동작과학연구소 2004 이화체육논집 Vol.8 No.-

The objectives of this research are to analyze various types of behavioral probllems and their underlying causes within an elementary physical education class; to observe the different methods teachers aply in dealing with these behavior problems. The research isbased on the case studies of four students in the third and fourth grade. Their behaviours were observed in six classes. Additional data was collected through in-depth interviews with the children and their teachers. Interviews with children were conductedrandomly while the teachers were interviewed over two sessions. The data was analyzed under the constant comparative method and the reliability of the data was ennanced through subject checks, peer debriefing, and the triangulation of the data. The results of the research are as follows: First, through the analysis based on the observations of the children with behaviors were categonized into four types: ""over-action behaviors,"" ""aggressive behaviors,"" ""withdrawa-anxiety behaviors,"" and ""isolation behaviors."" Second, the results of the analysis on the causes of behavior problems indicated that the children were aware of their problems. The children's parents were also aware of their problems but were not able to come up with workable solutions to change their behavior. Third, among the four behavior types, teachers selected over-action behavior types and aggressive behavior types as the most disruptive in class and also the most problematic in social interactions with other students. The other two types, withdrawal-anxiety and isolation behavior types did not cause any problems. Consequently, It appears that it is necessary to consider a counterplan for teaching problem children effectively in many directions. Putting these various research results together, school is the place where children spent a lot of time. Especially s children have more physical activity and interaction with other children in physical class than any other classes, physical education class is the place where problem behaviors often happen. Since such problem behaviors hinder intellectural, emotional and physical development of children seriously and exert a bad influence on the class as a whole, teachers must instruct problem behavior children with suitable methods and study how to cope with the problem behavior through knowledge of problem behavior.

관광객의 웹탐색 활동에서 플로우의 결정요인과 효과

천영수,김윤숙 제주대학교 관광산업연구소 2001 産經論集 Vol.15 No.2

충남대학교 기초과학분야의 효율적 육성에 관한 연구

윤화중,진성일,윤민중,윤혜수,이영하,최철규,이천배,신대현 충남대학교 자연과학연구소 1986 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.13 No.2

Chungnam National University (CNU) is located in Daeduk Science Town, a center of science and technology in Korea, and it is expected to play an important role in the development of science in Korea. With this in mind, the basic natural sciences at CNU should be more actively supported in both education and research. Accordingly analysis and comparison of the basic science program at major college in Korea as well as those in the USA and Europe has been performed. The current cooperative relationship between CNU and research institutes in the science town has also been analyzed. This study has resulted in propositions to make more efficient the upbringing of the basic sciences at CNU, by focusing on the following points ; a) to improve academic affairs, b) to make graduate studies substantial, c) to secure highly qualified faculty members, d) to increase cooperation in research between CNU and reserch institutes, e) to enlarge research laboratories and acquire more equipment and facilities.

용수 재이용을 위한 소규모 오수처리시설의 UV 소독시설에 관한 연구

윤춘경,정광욱,함종화 建國大學校附設農業資源開發硏究所 2002 農資源開發論集 Vol.24 No.-

Deterministic and probabilistic approaches to the design of ultraviolet disinfection system for water reclamation are reviewed and discussed. The high inactivation of total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) by UV disinfection was demonstrated, and the inactivations of TC, FC and E. coli were 97%, 98% and 99%, respectively. Within the range of 0.3∼0.4m Ws/cm, the effect of UV does on the inactivation ratio was not observed. However, in the highest wattage of UV lamp, 39W, the inactivation ratio of TC, FC and E. coli was 100%, regardless of the UV does so the UV density was more effective on inactivation ratio of TC, FC and E. coli rather than UV does. Under the 0.4 mWs/cm and 16W of UV lamp, the effect of dissolved organic matter and turbidity on the inactivations of TC, FC and E. coli could not be observed in this study within the range of 0∼32mg/L and 0-40 NTU, respectively. The effect of suspended solid is Tc, FC and E.coli observed liner equation y=305.03x-3697, y=186.14x-2509.5, y=152.96x-1976.5(r^=0.51, 0.69, 0.80) respectively. Suspended solid is the most important factor for design of the UV disinfection system.