Policy measures and necessities for small scale organic farming in the EU

Cho, Y.,Nicholas, P. Korean Association of Organic Agriculture 2011 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.19 No.S

Most of European countries have certain support measures of small holder organic producers in their policy system but they need to be more positive with this issue. Recent EU regulations and any other governmental organic farming measures are hardly emphasising on small holders' issues except a few measures. In order to secure small producer organic farming, the extensive efforts are needed. Developing new logos and differential support system for small producer organic at every aspects from production, marketing and public procurement level will become more positive actions to take, for example.

Reduction of the Search Space in the Edge-Tracing Algorithm for the Voronoi Diagram of 3D Balls

Cho, Y.,Kim, D.,Lee, H. C.,Park, J. Y.,Kim, D.-S. SPRINGER-VERLAG 2006 Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol.3980 No.-

Ruthenium bipyridyl complex-sensitized dechlorination of CCl₄ in aqueous micellar solutions under visible light

Cho, Y.,Park, Y.,Choi, W. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2008 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.14 No.3

The sensitized dechlorination of CCl<SUB>4</SUB> in water was successfully demonstrated in the presence of nonionic surfactants (Brij-35) and ruthenium bipyridyl complexes [Ru<SUP>II</SUP>(bpy)<SUB>3</SUB>] under visible light illumination (λ>420nm). The ruthenium complex plays the role of a visible light sensitizer for this reductive conversion process, which is excited by absorbing visible light and subsequently transfers an electron to CCl<SUB>4</SUB>. The photoinduced electron transfers from the excited sensitizer to CCl<SUB>4</SUB> take place only in the presence of the surfactant, which concentrates both reactants within a micelle. The ruthenium sensitizer should be oxidized after transferring an electron to CCl<SUB>4</SUB>, but immediately regenerated by abstracting an electron from surrounding surfactant molecules. As a result, the ruthenium sensitizer acts as a photocatalyst with producing chlorides far above the stoichiometric concentration of the added sensitizer. The dechlorination rate was significantly reduced in the presence of dissolved oxygen, because the excited sensitizer is quenched by O<SUB>2</SUB>. With increasing each concentration of the surfactant, sensitizer, or CCl<SUB>4</SUB>, the corresponding CCl<SUB>4</SUB> dechlorination rate progressively increased, to reach a saturation at the concentration of 4.0g/L (surfactant), 5μM (sensitizer), or 30mM (CCl<SUB>4</SUB>), respectively. The visible light activity was strongly dependent on the kind of surfactants as well.

New overdrive technology for liquid-crystal displays with a simple architecture

Cho, Y.,Park, C.,Bhowmik, A.,Lee, S.-W. SPIE - THE INT SOC FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2010 Optical engineering Vol.49 No.3

Direct Gingival Fibroblast/Osteoblast Transdifferentiation via Epigenetics

Cho, Y.,Kim, B.,Bae, H.,Kim, W.,Baek, J.,Woo, K.,Lee, G.,Seol, Y.,Lee, Y.,Ku, Y. Journal of Dental Research, Inc 2017 Journal of dental research Vol.96 No.5

<P>Alveolar bone resorption caused by trauma or periodontal diseases has represented a challenge for both dental clinicians and researchers. In this study, we evaluate the osteogenic potential of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) through a direct transdifferentiation from HGFs to functional osteoblasts via epigenetic modification and osteogenic signaling with bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) in vitro and in vivo. HGF treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) induced demethylation in the hypermethylated CpG islands of the osteogenic lineage marker genes RUNX2 and ALP, and subsequent BMP2 treatment successfully drove the fibroblasts to the osteoblasts' lineage. Cell morphological changes viewed under microscopy and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red S (ARS) staining confirmed the osteoblastic change mediated by epigenetic modification as did real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), methylation-specific PCR (MSP), and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, which demonstrated the altered methylation patterns in the RUNX2 and ALP promoter regions and their effect on gene expression. Furthermore, micro-computed tomography (CT) analysis of in vivo mouse cell transplantation experiments showed high-density signal in the epigenetically modified HGF group; in addition, a significant amount of bone formation was observed in the transplanted material using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining as well. Collectively, our results indicate that epigenetic modification permits the direct programming of HGFs into functional osteoblasts, suggesting that this approach might open a novel therapeutic avenue in alveolar bone regeneration.</P>

Physico-chemical properties between organic and conventional kiwifruit orchards in Korea

Cho, Y.,Kim, B.,Cho, H.,Jeong, B. Korean Association of Organic Agriculture 2011 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.19 No.S

Organic kiwifruit orchard soils were compared with conventional ones in Korea. Soil structure of organic soil had higher gaseous and liquous phase as well as soil porosity in the surface soil. Although the nutritional level of each orchards were quite different among soils, the analysis of both system revealed that organic kiwifruit orchard soil had similar or even higher nutrient level (N and organic matter content in surface soil) compared to conventional ones. The organic matter content of deep soil also had the high tendency in deep soil of organic soil. Higher level of nitrogen in organic surface soil is presumably due to the excessive application of organic compost and liquid fertilizer rather than the contribution by grasses such as green manure. Available phosphorous level of organic system was quite high but similar in surface soil of both system, compared to the recommended level. Potassium, calcium and magnesium levels were also enough in organic kiwifruit orchard soils.

Profile decompositions of fractional Schrodinger equations with angularly regular data

Cho, Y.,Hwang, G.,Kwon, S.,Lee, S. Academic Press 2014 Journal of differential equations Vol.256 No.8

We study the fractional Schrodinger equations in R<SUP>1+d</SUP>, d≥3, of order d/(d-1)<α<2. Under the angular regularity assumption we prove linear and nonlinear profile decompositions which extend the previous results [9] to data without radial assumption. As applications we show blowup phenomena of solutions to mass-critical fractional Hartree equations.

Enhanced energy harvesting based on surface morphology engineering of P(VDF-TrFE) film

Cho, Y.,Park, J.B.,Kim, B.S.,Lee, J.,Hong, W.K.,Park, I.K.,Jang, J.E.,Sohn, J.I.,Cha, S.,Kim, J.M. Elsevier 2015 Nano energy Vol.16 No.-

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has great potential for its use as an energy harvesting material as it exhibits not only outstanding piezoelectric and electrostatic characteristics resulting from ferroelectric effects, but also remarkably robust stability against repeated mechanical stress compared to inorganic materials. We report enhanced performances of poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) based energy generators with wider range of selections of flexible substrates through a surface morphology engineering using solvent annealing method as the key technology for simple and cost-effective fabrication at room temperature. It is clearly revealed that a solvent annealed P(VDF-TrFE) film is crystallised at room temperature and that the surface morphology is changed from a rough surface into a smooth and flat surface with increasing annealing time. This surface morphology engineering results in 8 times enhanced output voltage and current of the energy generators because of well-aligned electrical dipoles. We also demonstrate a highly transparent and flexible energy generator by employing graphene electrodes with the solvent annealed P(VDF-TrFE) film, which can be effectively harvesting various mechanical energy sources.

Comparison of evolutionary organic farming policies reflected on the first and second Wales and England organic action plans (OAPs) for Korean context - As a tool ensuring the sustainable development of Korean organic farming

Cho, Y.,Nicholas, P. Korean Association of Organic Agriculture 2011 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.19 No.S

This study compares and contrasts the Wales and England Organic Action Plans (WOAP and EOAP) and a Korean regional Life-Food Development Plan (KLFDP) in order to facilitate the development of the organic sector in Korea. Early action plans, for example, the first WOAP (1999) focused support on developing the supply of organic products whereas later action plans focused on marketing and consumer. OAPs may not only provide specific issue-solving roles by proposing new policy measures but also perform a regulatory role as a controller for organic sector development as a whole. The current KLFDP seems to stick to the former role but hardly has the latter role such as setting priorities, harmonizing various conflicting policy measures and factors and performing evaluation process for further progress. To secure better harmonized and sustainable development of Korean organic farming sector, constructing comprehensive national-level organic action plan, which has policy developing, implementing, regulating, evaluating and evolving functions, might be the most efficient choice.

Analysis of dose-response to hexanal-induced gene expression in A549 human alveolar cells

Cho, Y.,Song, M. K.,Choi, H. S.,Ryu, J. C. Korean BioChip Society 2014 BioChip Journal Vol.8 No.2

The problems of analyzing dose effects on gene expression are gaining attention in toxicological research. Determining how gene expression profiles change with toxicant dose will improve the utility of arrays in identifying biomarkers and elucidating their modes of toxic action. In the present study, we focused on determining the dose-dependent alterations of gene expression profiles with hexanal exposure and we identified the possible biomarkers of hexanal in A549 human alveolar cells. A549 cells were exposed to a 5% inhibitory concentration (IC5) and a 20% inhibitory concentration (IC20) of hexanal for 48 h. Through microarray analysis using an oligonucleotide chip, we identified that the gene expression patterns were differentially shown in the control group and the hexanal-exposed groups. The hexanal-exposed groups are more sensitive to gene alteration than the control group, and gene expressions are more significantly altered in the IC20 exposure group than in the IC5 exposure group. With clustering analysis of gene expression profiles, we identified 2,929 IC5- and 3,678 IC20-specific genes, and 302 dose-dependently expressed genes. Gene ontology (GO) analysis with 246 annotated genes of the 302 dose-dependent expressed genes showed correlation with the key biological processes involved in neurological system processes, immune system development, cell activation, and cell-cell signaling. In conclusion, current study describes alterations in gene expression profiles in response to exposure to different doses of hexanal and related toxic pathways induced by significantly expressed genes. Moreover, novel genes and pathways that could potentially play a role in the prevention of respiratory disease due to aldehydes are identified.