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최은경 ( Choi¸ Eunkyung ),유승지 ( Ryu¸ Seungji ) 한국피아노교수법학회 2021 음악교수법연구 Vol.22 No.2
반달은 피아노 교사로 활동하며 많은 교육용 피아노 작품을 남긴 미국의 작곡가이다. 그 중 1989년에 작곡된 <모드와 무드>는 중급 수준의 학생들이 선법을 흥미롭게 학습할 수 있는 7개의 작품으로 구성된 모음곡이다. 이 작품의 분석을 통해 나타난 반달의 음악어법은 다음과 같이 요약된다. 첫째, 7개 선법의 구별된 특징을 효과적으로 드러내기 위해 종지음과 특징음이 강조된 선율과 화성 진행을 사용하였다. 둘째, 재즈적 요소가 발견되는데, 페달 포인트 및 텐션 음의 빈번한 사용, 엇박, 당김음, 불규칙 박을 사용한 리듬의 변화, 그리고 워킹 베이스를 이용한 선율 진행 등이다. 셋째, 중급 학생들의 수준을 배려한 교수학적 아이디어가 적용되었는데, 각 선법의 구별된 정서를 표현한 표제의 사용, 손가락의 교차와 이동을 최소화한 선율 진행, 단순한 선율 동기를 음역, 셈여림, 템포, 및 반주 패턴의 대비를 통해 변형시킨 것, 그리고 섬세한 페달 표기 등을 꼽을 수 있다. 본 연구를 통해 국내에 잘 알려지지 않은 반달의 교육용 작품에 대한 연구가 활발해지고, 선법에 기초한 피아노 음악에 관심을 가지는 계기가 마련되기를 기대한다. Robert D. Vandall was one of the famous composers of educational piano works in America. His work, < Modes and Moods > composed in 1989, is a suite of seven pieces that included various ideas so that students at the intermediate level can joyfully learn about mode. Vandall’s musical syntax discovered through the analysis of < Modes and Moods > is summarized as follows. First, the melodies and harmonic progressions emphasizing tonic and characteristic notes are used to reveal the distinct characteristics of seven modes. Second, jazz elements are also notable: the frequent uses of pedal points and tension notes, rhythmic changes which use offbeats, syncopations, unequal beats, and melodic progressions with walking bass. Finally, this piece displays various pedagogical devices that are considered appropriate for intermediate-level students. Vandall used titles expressing the distinctive sentiment of each mode, and minimized the finger crossing and movements in melodic progression. In addition, he altered simple melodic motives with the register, dynamics, tempo, rhythm, the accompaniment pattern, and offered delicate pedal markings. Through this study, it is expected that research on Vandall’s educational works, which are not well known in Korea, will be actively studied, and that piano teachers and students alike will be interested in piano music based on mode.
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Modified five Field Technique for Primary and Postop Breast Cancer Irradiation
Eunkyung Choi(최은경) , Hyesook Chang(장혜숙) , Byong Yong Yi(이병용) 대한방사선종양학회 1991 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.9 No.1
유방암의 근치적 또는 수술후 방사선 조사시 치료해야 할 부위는 유방과 주위임파 조직으로 매우 복잡한 3차원적 구조이다. 여러 방향의 조사에 의한 조사부위의 중복을 피하고 부작용을 최소하하기 위한 여러 방법이 시도돼 왔으나 계산과정이나 치료방법이 매우 복잡하여 여러 가지 문제점이 있었다. 이에 저자들은 Asymmetric jaw를 이용하고 gantry, collimator와 couch 를 적절히 회전시켜 조사야가 만나는 부분에서 beam의 divergence를 없애줌으로써 가장 이상적으로 치료할 수 있는 방법을 소개하고자 한다. 5분 조사 방법은 다음과 같은 장점을 가진다. 1. 모든 조사야의 set up이 같은 위치에서 시행되므로 환자의 위치변동에 의한 target volume의 변화를 막을수 있다. 2. Half beam block을 사용하지 않아도 된다. 3. 조사야가 만나는 선(match line)에서 beam의 divergence가 없으므로 정확하다. 4. 계산이 쉽고 환자 set up이 용이하다. 5. 매일 치료를 같은 방법으로 정확하게 반복할 수 있다. In breast cancer, the treatment volume presents a relatively complex three dimensional structure. Effective radiation therapy requires the delivery of adequate dose to a large target volume using complex beam arrangements. The technique proposed here is our department's method using asymmetric jaw with appro-priate couch, collimator and gantry rotation. This technique has the following advantages : 1) all treatments are given in a single clinical set up 2) it does not require half beam blocks 3) it produces exact geomatric match 4) it is very convenient and easy to use 5) it has daily reproducibility.
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Effects of amniotic membrane suspension in human corneal wound healing in vitro
Choi, Jin A,Jin, Hyun-Jin,Jung, Samhyun,Yang, Eunkyung,Choi, Jun-Sub,Chung, So-Hyang,Joo, Choun-Ki Molecular Vision 2009 Molecular vision Vol.15 No.-
<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>To investigate the biochemical mechanism of amniotic membrane (AM) suspension on corneal wound healing, particularly on epithelial proliferation and migration.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) were cultured in media with different concentrations of AM suspension (5% and 30%), Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium: Nutrient Mixture F-12 (negative control), and serum containing Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium: Nutrient Mixture F-12 (positive control). In an effort to evaluate the migratory potential of AM, migration assays were conducted via the manual scraping of HCECs and immunocytochemical staining of cell adhesion molecules (E-cadherin). The relative expression of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) and adhesion molecules (E-cadherin, fibronectin) was determined via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis. The proliferative potential of AM was evaluated via a proliferation assay using 5-Bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and western blot analysis for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). In addition, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay<B> (</B>ELISA) was used to measure the protein concentrations of mitogenic growth factors (e<I>pidermal growth factor [</I>EGF],<I/>k<I>eratinocyte growth factor [</I>KGF], h<I>epatocyte growth factor [</I>HGF], and b<I>asic fibroblast growth factor [</I>bFGF]) in AM suspensions.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Migration assay rates were enhanced as AM concentrations increased, with statistically significant changes seen in 30% AM-treated and positive control cells, compared to negative control cells (p<0.05). RT-PCRs revealed that the expression of the MMP9 gene was upregulated by AM, and the expressions of E-cadherin and fibronectin genes were downregulated by AM. Western blot analysis demonstrated significantly higher MMP9 expression in AM-treated groups, versus significantly lower levels of E-cadherin and fibronectin expression in AM-treated groups. Immunocytochemistry showed large quantities of E-cadherin near the wound edges after 24 h of injury in the AM-treated groups. The proliferation assay showed that the BrdU positive cell counts/total cell counts (labeling index) were augmented by AM to a statistically significant degree (p<0.05 in the 30% AM and positive control groups). Western blot analysis showed that the expression cell cycle-associated protein, PCNA, increased gradually as a result of AM treatment. ELISA showed that our AM suspension contained 4 growth factors (HGF, EGF, KGF, and FGF). The amount of HGF was especially large, followed by that of EGF.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>These results demonstrate that the suspension form of AM maintains its beneficial effect on corneal epithelial wound healing in vitro, and that AM suspension leads to significant increases in corneal epithelial migration and proliferation with increasing AM concentrations.</P>
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Choi Young-Sook,Ryu Sukhyun,Kim Ryu Kyung,Chiara Achangwa,Baek Soojin,Nam Hojin,Park Eunkyung,Kim Eun Kyoung,Choe Young June,Kwon Donghyok,Choi Won Suk 대한의학회 2024 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.39 No.37
Background: This retrospective observational matched cohort study assessed the differences in critical infections caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) during the omicron-predominant period of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We evaluated the vaccine effectiveness of bivalent mRNA vaccine compared to unvaccinated individuals. Methods: We collected COVID-19 case data from the Korean COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness cohort. We calculated the probability of critical COVID-19 cases by comparing the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. Results: The risk of being critically infected due to SAR-CoV-2 infection was 5.96 times higher (95% confidence interval, 5.63–6.38) among older individuals who were unvaccinated compared to those who received the bivalent COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the bivalent vaccine reduces the disease burden of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant, particularly among the older population. Further studies are warranted to determine the effectiveness of booster doses of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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