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Cho Taehong 한국음성학회 2010 말소리와 음성과학 Vol.2 No.4
The present study examined how listeners of Seoul Korean would recover deleted phonemes in consonant cluster simplification. In a phoneme monitoring experiment, listeners had to monitor for C2 (/k/ or /p/) in C1C2C3 when C2 was deleted (C1 was preserved) or preserved (C1 was deleted). The target consonant (C2) was either /k/ or /p/ (e.g., ilk-t?lato vs. palp-t?lato), and there were two listener groups, one group tested in 2002 and the other in 2009. Some points have emerged from the results. First, listeners were able to detect deleted phonemes as accurately and rapidly as preserved phonemes, showing that the physical presence of the acoustic information did not improve the listeners' performance. This suggests that listeners must have relied on language-specific phonological knowledge about the consonant cluster simplification, rather than relying on the low-level acoustic-phonetic information. Second, listener groups (participants in 2002 vs. 2009), differed in processing /p/ versus /k/: listeners in 2009 failed to detect /p/ more frequently than those in 2002, suggesting that the way the consonant cluster sequence is produced and perceived has changed over time. This result was interpreted as coming from statistical patterns of speech production in contemporary Seoul Korean as reported in a recent study by Cho & Kim (2009): /p/ is deleted far more often than /p/ is preserved, which is likely reflected in the way listeners process simplified variants. Finally, listeners processed /k/ more efficiently than /p/, especially when the target was physically present (in C-preserved condition), indicating that listeners benefited more from the presence of /k/ than of /p/. This was interpreted as supporting the view that velars are perceptually more robust than labials, which constrains shaping phonological patterns of the language. These results were then discussed in terms of their implications for theories of spoken word recognition.
Prosodic Boundary Effects on the V-to-V Lingual Movement in Korean
Cho Taehong,Yoon Yeomin,Kim Sahyang 한국음성학회 2010 말소리와 음성과학 Vol.2 No.3
The present study investigated how the kinematics of the /a/-to-/i/ tongue movement in Korean would be influenced by prosodic boundary. The /a/-to-/i/ sequence was used as ‘transboundary' test materials which occurred across a prosodic boundary as in /ilnj?nt??a/ # /minsakwae/ (‘일년차#민사과에’ ‘the first year worker’ # ‘dept. of civil affairs'). It also tested whether the V-to-V tongue movement would be further influenced by its syllable structure with /m/ which was placed either in the coda condition (/am#i/) or in the onset condition (/a#mi). Results of an EMA (Electromagnetic Articulagraphy) study showed that kinematical parameters such as the movement distance (displacement), the movement duration, and the movement velocity (speed) all varied as a function of the boundary strength, showing an articulatory strengthening pattern of a “larger, longer and faster” movement. Interestingly, however, the larger, longer and faster pattern associated with boundary marking in Korean has often been observed with stress (prominence) marking in English. It was proposed that language-specific prosodic systems induce different ways in which phonetics and prosody interact: Korean, as a language without lexical stress and pitch accent, has more degree of freedom to express prosodic strengthening, while languages such as English have constraints, so that some strengthening patterns are reserved for lexical stress. The V-to-V tongue movement was also found to be influenced by the intervening consonant /m/’s syllable affiliation, showing a more preboundary lengthening of the tongue movement when /m/ was part of the preboundary syllable (/am#i/). The results, together, show that the fine-grained phonetic details do not simply arise as low-level physical phenomena, but reflect higher-level linguistic structures, such as syllable and prosodic structures. It was also discussed how the boundary-induced kinematic patterns could be accounted for in terms of the task dynamic model and the theory of the prosodic gesture (π-gesture).
Prosodic Strengthening in Speech Production and Perception
Taehong Cho 한국음성학회 2007 음성과학 Vol.14 No.4
This paper discusses some current issues regarding how prosodic structure is manifested in fine-grained phonetic details, how prosodically-conditioned articulatory variation is explained in terms of speech dynamics, and how such phonetic manifestation of prosodic structure may be exploited in spoken word recognition. Prosodic structure is phonetically manifested in prosodically important landmark locations such as prosodic domain-final position, domain-initial position and stressed/accented syllables. It will be discussed how each of the prosodic landmarks engenders particular phonetic patterns, how articulatory variation in such locations are dynamically accounted for, and how prosodically-driven fine-grained phonetic detail is exploited by listeners in speech comprehension.
Gwon, Taehong,Mohamed, Ahmed Yousef,Yoo, Chanyoung,Park, Eui-sang,Kim, Sanggyun,Yoo, Sijung,Lee, Han-Koo,Cho, Deok-Yong,Hwang, Cheol Seong American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.47
<P>The local bonding structures of GexTe1-x (x = 0.5, 0.6, and 0.7) films prepared through atomic layer deposition (ALD) with Ge(N(Si(CH3)(3))(2))(2) and ((CH3)(3)Si)(2)Te precursors were investigated using Ge K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The results of the X-ray absorption fine structure analyses show that for all of the compositions, the as-grown films were amorphous with a tetrahedral Ge coordination of a mixture of Ge-Te and Ge-Ge bonds but without any signature of Ge-GeTe decomposition. The compositional evolution in the valence band electronic structures probed through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggests a substantial chemical influence of additional Ge on the nonstoichiometric Ge-Te. This implies that the ALD process can stabilize Ge-abundant bonding networks like Te-Ge-Ge-Te- in amorphous GeTe. Meanwhile, the XAS results on the Ge-rich films that had undergone post-deposition annealing at 350 degrees C show that the parts of the crystalline Ge-rich GeTe became separated into Ge crystallites and rhombohedral GeTe in accordance with the, bulk phase diagram, whereas the disordered GeTe domains still remained, consistent with the observations of transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Therefore, amorphousness in GeTe may be essential for the nonsegregated Ge-rich phases and the low growth temperature of the ALD enables the achievement of the structurally metastable phases.</P>
가스 엔진 배열을 이용한 유기랭킨사이클 시스템의 열역학적 해석
성태홍(Taehong Sung),윤은구(Eunkoo Yun),김현동(Hyun Dong Kim),최정환(Jeong Hwan Choi),채정민(Jeong Min Chae),조영아(Young Ah Cho),김경천(Kyung Chun Kim) 한국가스학회 2015 한국가스학회지 Vol.19 No.2
가솔린 엔진에서 개조된 가스 엔진에서 발생하는 냉각수와 배기가스를 분석하여 복합발전 시스템에서 활용 가능한 폐열의 양과 질을 확인하였다. 엔진 배기가스의 온도는 573.8 ℃이고, 엔진 출구 냉각수의 온도는 85.7 ℃이고, 폐열의 양은 엔진 냉각수가 배기가스에 비교하여 두 배 수준이었다. 두 가지 폐열의 상이한 온도와 양에 대응하는 유기랭킨사이클 (Organic Rankine Cycle: ORC) 발전시스템을 설계하고 열역학적 분석을 수행하였다. The amount and quality of waste heat from a gas engine which is modified from an automobile gasoline engine is analyzed. Exhaust temperature is 573.8 ℃ and engine cooling water exit temperature is 85.7℃. The amount of waste heat of engine cooling water is double compared to that of exhaust gas. Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system is designed for two different waste heat source of engine cooling water and engine exhaust and is thermodynamically analyzed.
김태홍(Taehong Kim),엄정호(Um Jung-Ho),조민희(Cho Min Hee),최성필(Choi Sung Pil),정한민(Hanmin Jung) 한국정보과학회 2012 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.39 No.1B
비정형데이터의 분석을 위한 다양한 연구가 진행되면서 폭발적인 트리플 데이터 증가가 이루어졌다. 이는 결국 서비스 인프라의 병목현상을 초래하고 있으며, 그 해결책으로서 분산 병렬 아키텍처가 주목받고 있다. 본 논문은 대용량 시맨틱웹 자원을 저장, 적재, 질의 및 추론할 수 있는 트리플 저장소 특성에 가장 적합한 시스템 구조를 선정하기 위해 대용량 처리 능력, 데이터 처리 속도 및 안정성의 측면에서 연합 DBMS와 맵리듀스를 분석하는데 초점을 맞추고 있다. 분석 결과는 대용량 데이터 기반 트리플 저장소의 특성과 아키텍처의 유연성 및 향후 성능 개선 가능성을 판단하는 요소로 활용하여 맵리듀스 방식을 대용량 트리플 저장소에 적합한 방식으로 선정하였다. 본 연구는 대용량 데이터 기반 트리플 저장소 개발의 방향 수립을 위한 기반 연구로서 중요한 가치를 가진다.
Gwon, Taehong,Eom, Taeyong,Yoo, Sijung,Lee, Han-Koo,Cho, Deok-Yong,Kim, Moo-Sung,Buchanan, Iain,Xiao, Manchao,Ivanov, Sergei,Hwang, Cheol Seong American Chemical Society 2016 Chemistry of materials Vol.28 No.19
<P>In this report, a new method to deposit GeTe thin film by atomic layer deposition (ALD) is described. Ge(N(Si(CH3)(3))(2))(2), in which Ge is in +2 oxidation state, and ((CH3)(3)Si)(2)Te were used as Ge and Te precursors, respectively. GeTe films were deposited at a low wafer temperature of 70-120 degrees C. To improve low reactivity of Ge(N(Si(CH3)(3))(2))(2) toward ALD-type reaction with ((CH3)(3)Si)(2)Te, methanol vapor was coinjected with the Ge precursor and the Te precursor to form a reactive Ge intermediate having methoxy ligands and a Te intermediate having hydrogen ligands in the gas phase. This chemistry-specific ALD process deposited films various compositional GeTe alloys including the desired composition of Ge:Te = 1:1. Detailed mechanism study on the probable chemical reactions and film composition analysis revealed that the film growth could proceed via the formations of GeTe2, GeTe, and Ge2Te phases depending on the relative Ge-precursor concentration during the ALD process. The films showed feasibility for phase-change memory applications.</P>