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Chapman, B.,Dendy, R.O.,McClements, K.G.,Chapman, S.C.,Yun, G.S.,Thatipamula, S.G.,Kim, M.H. International Atomic Energy Agency 2017 Nuclear fusion Vol.57 No.12
<P>During edge localised mode (ELM) crashes in KSTAR deuterium plasmas, bursts of spectrally structured ion cyclotron emission (ICE) are detected. Usually the ICE spectrum chirps downwards during an ELM crash, on sub-microsecond timescales. For KSTAR ICE where the separation of spectral peak frequencies is close to the proton cyclotron frequency <img ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='$\Omega_{\rm cp}$ ' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0029-5515/57/12/124004/nfaa8e09ieqn001.gif'/> at the outer plasma edge, we show that the driving population of energetic ions is likely to be a subset of the 3 MeV fusion protons, born centrally on deeply passing orbits which drift from the core to the edge plasma. We report first principles modelling of this scenario using a particle-in-cell code, which evolves the full orbit dynamics of large numbers of energetic protons, thermal deuterons, and electrons self-consistently with the electric and magnetic fields. The Fourier transform of the excited fields in the nonlinear saturated regime of the simulations is the theoretical counterpart to the measured ICE spectra. Multiple simulation runs for different, adjacent, values of the plasma density under KSTAR edge conditions enable us to infer the theoretical dependence of ICE spectral structure on the local electron number density. By matching this density dependence to the observed time-dependence of chirping ICE spectra in KSTAR, we obtain sub-microsecond time resolution of the evolving local electron number density during the ELM crash.</P>
Chapman, B.,Dendy, R.O.,Chapman, S.C.,McClements, K.G.,Yun, G.S.,Thatipamula, S.G.,Kim, M.H. International Atomic Energy Agency 2018 Nuclear fusion Vol.58 No.9
<P>The radio frequency detection system on the KSTAR tokamak has exceptionally high spectral and temporal resolution. This enables measurement of previously undetected fast plasma phenomena in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies. Here we report and analyse a novel spectrally structured ion cyclotron emission (ICE) feature in the range 500 MHz to 900 MHz, which exhibits chirping on sub-microsecond timescales. Its spectral peaks correspond to harmonics <I>l</I> of the proton cyclotron frequency <I>f</I> <SUB>cp</SUB> at the outer midplane edge, where <I>l</I> = 20–36. This frequency range exceeds estimates of the local lower hybrid frequency <I>f</I> <SUB>LH</SUB> in the KSTAR deuterium plasma. The new feature is time-shifted with respect to a brighter lower-frequency chirping ICE feature in the range 200 MHz (8<I>f</I> <SUB>cp</SUB>) to 500 MHz (20<I>f</I> <SUB>cp</SUB>), which is probably driven (Chapman <I>et al</I> 2017 <I>Nucl. Fusion</I> <B>57</B> 124004) by 3 MeV fusion-born protons undergoing collective relaxation by the magnetoacoustic cyclotron instability (MCI). Here we show that the new, fainter, higher-frequency chirping ICE feature is driven by nonlinear wave coupling between different neighbouring spectral peaks in the lower-frequency ICE feature. This follows from bispectral analysis of the measured KSTAR fields, and of the field amplitudes output from particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of the KSTAR edge plasma containing fusion-born protons. This reinforces the identification of the MCI as the plasma physics process underlying proton harmonic ICE from KSTAR, while providing a novel instance of nonlinear wave coupling on very fast timescales.</P>
AzTEC half square degree survey of the SHADES fields – I. Maps, catalogues and source counts
Austermann, J. E.,Dunlop, J. S.,Perera, T. A.,Scott, K. S.,Wilson, G. W.,Aretxaga, I.,Hughes, D. H.,Almaini, O.,Chapin, E. L.,Chapman, S. C.,Cirasuolo, M.,Clements, D. L.,Coppin, K. E. K.,Dunne, L.,Dy Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 MONTHLY NOTICES- ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Vol.401 No.1
<P>ABSTRACT</P><P>We present the first results from the largest deep extragalactic mm-wavelength survey undertaken to date. These results are derived from maps covering over 0.7 deg<SUP>2</SUP>, made at λ= 1.1 mm, using the AzTEC continuum camera mounted on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. The maps were made in the two fields originally targeted at λ= 850 μm with the Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) in the SCUBA Half-Degree Extragalactic Survey (SHADES) project, namely the Lockman Hole East (mapped to a depth of 0.9–1.3 mJy rms) and the Subaru/<I>XMM–Newton</I> Deep Field (mapped to a depth of 1.0–1.7 mJy rms). The wealth of existing and forthcoming deep multifrequency data in these two fields will allow the bright mm source population revealed by these new wide-area 1.1 mm images to be explored in detail in subsequent papers. Here, we present the maps themselves, a catalogue of 114 high-significance submillimetre galaxy detections, and a thorough statistical analysis leading to the most robust determination to date of the 1.1 mm source number counts. These new maps, covering an area nearly three times greater than the SCUBA SHADES maps, currently provide the largest sample of cosmological volumes of the high-redshift Universe in the mm or sub-mm. Through careful comparison, we find that both the Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) and the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS) North fields, also imaged with AzTEC, contain an excess of mm sources over the new 1.1 mm source-count baseline established here. In particular, our new AzTEC/SHADES results indicate that very luminous high-redshift dust enshrouded starbursts (<I>S</I><SUB>1.1mm</SUB> > 3 mJy) are 25–50 per cent less common than would have been inferred from these smaller surveys, thus highlighting the potential roles of cosmic variance and clustering in such measurements. We compare number count predictions from recent models of the evolving mm/sub-mm source population to these sub-mm bright galaxy surveys, which provide important constraints for the ongoing refinement of semi-analytic and hydrodynamical models of galaxy formation, and find that all available models overpredict the number of bright submillimetre galaxies found in this survey.</P>
INVESTIGATION OF REGENERATIVE AND ANTI-LOCK BRAKING INTERACTION
S. A. OLEKSOWICZ,K. J. BURNHAM,P. BARBER,B. TOTH-ANTAL,G. WAITE,G. HARDWICK,C. HARRINGTON,J. CHAPMAN 한국자동차공학회 2013 International journal of automotive technology Vol.14 No.4
The use of a regenerative braking mode can reduce overall vehicle energy usage for most of the most common drive cycles. However, a number of technical issues restrict the use of regenerative braking for all possible braking situations. These issues are concerned with two key limitations. The first is related to physical limitations of the applied regenerative braking system, e.g. Electric Motor (E-Motor) power limits; energy storage device capacity and vehicle load transfer etc. The second limitation results from the potentially detrimental interaction between regenerative braking and the Anti-locking Braking System (ABS). The first type of limitation can, to some extent, be alleviated by suitable choice of hardware and, as a consequence, will not be discussed further in this paper. The second type of limitation concerns the regenerative braking strategies during an ABS event. Some of the regenerative braking strategies designed and investigated within the Low Carbon Vehicle Technology Project (LCVTP) will be described and analyzed in this paper. A comparison of competing strategies is made and conclusions are drawn together with suggestions for further research. The work has been progressed as a part of a major research programme; namely the LCVTP, which has been conducted within an extensive industrial and academic partnership, mutually funded by the European Regional Development Found and Advantage West Midlands.
Strain control of superlattice implies weak charge-lattice coupling inLa0.5Ca0.5MnO3
Cox, S.,Rosten, E.,Chapman, J. C.,Kos, S.,Calderó,n, M. J.,Kang, D.-J.,Littlewood, P. B.,Midgley, P. A.,Mathur, N. D. American Physical Society 2006 Physical review. B, Condensed matter and materials Vol.73 No.13
A bodipy based hydroxylamine sensor
Sedgwick, Adam C.,Chapman, Robert S. L.,Gardiner, Jordan E.,Peacock, Lucy R.,Kim, Gyoungmi,Yoon, Juyoung,Bull, Steven D.,James, Tony D. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Chemical communications Vol.53 No.75
<P>With this research, we have developed a bodipy based system as the first “turn-on” fluorescence system for the detection hydroxylamine.</P>
Deselms, H.,Maggio, N.,Rubovitch, V.,Chapman, J.,Schreiber, S.,Tweedie, D.,Kim, D.S.,Greig, N.H.,Pick, C.G. Elsevier/North-Holland 2016 Journal of neuroscience methods Vol.272 No.-
Background: The need for effective pharmaceuticals within animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) continues to be paramount, as TBI remains the major cause of brain damage for children and young adults. While preventative measures may act to reduce the incidence of initial blunt trauma, well-tolerated drugs are needed to target the neurologically damaging internal cascade of molecular mechanisms that follow. Such processes, known collectively as the secondary injury phase, include inflammation, excitotoxicity, and apoptosis among other changes still subject to research. In this article positive treatment findings to mitigate this secondary injury in rodent TBI models will be overviewed, and include recent studies on Exendin-4, N-Acetyl-l-cycteine, Salubrinal and Thrombin. Conclusions: These studies provide representative examples of methodologies that can be combined with widely available in vivo rodent models to evaluate therapeutic approaches of translational relevance, as well as drug targets and biochemical cascades that may slow or accelerate the degenerative processes induced by TBI. They employ well-characterized tests such as the novel object recognition task for assessing cognitive deficits. The application of such methodologies provides both decision points and a gateway for implementation of further translational studies to establish the feasibility of clinical efficacy of potential therapeutic interventions.
A MEASUREMENT OF THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND B-MODE POLARIZATION WITH POLARBEAR
ADE, P.A.R.,AKIBA, Y.,ANTHONY, A.E.,ARNOLD, K.,ATLAS, M.,BARRON, D.,BOETTGER, D.,BORRILL, J.,CHAPMAN, S.,CHINONE, Y.,DOBBS, M.,ELLEFLOT, T.,ERRARD, J.,FABBIAN, G.,FENG, C.,FLANIGAN, D.,GILBERT, A.,GRA The Korean Astronomical Society 2015 天文學論叢 Vol.30 No.2
POLARBEAR is a ground-based experiment located in the Atacama desert of northern Chile. The experiment is designed to measure the Cosmic Microwave Background B-mode polarization at several arcminute resolution. The CMB B-mode polarization on degree angular scales is a unique signature of primordial gravitational waves from cosmic inflation and B-mode signal on sub-degree scales is induced by the gravitational lensing from large-scale structure. Science observations began in early 2012 with an array of 1.274 polarization sensitive antenna-couple Transition Edge Sensor (TES) bolometers at 150 GHz. We published the first CMB-only measurement of the B-mode polarization on sub-degree scales induced by gravitational lensing in December 2013 followed by the first measurement of the B-mode power spectrum on those scales in March 2014. In this proceedings, we review the physics of CMB B-modes and then describe the Polarbear experiment, observations, and recent results.