Effects of Long-term Climate Change on Typhoon Rainfall Associated with Southwesterly Monsoon Flow near Taiwan: Mindulle (2004) and Morakot (2009)

Wang Chung-Chieh,Tseng Li-Shan,Huang Chien-Chang,Chuang Pi-Yu,Su Nan-Chou,Chen Cheng-Ta,Lo Shih-How,Tsuboki Kazuhisa 한국기상학회 2024 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.60 No.3

Typhoons Morakot (2009) and Mindulle (2004) were two of the rainiest and most damaging typhoons to hit Taiwan on record, where both cases are associated with a strong low-level southwesterly monsoon flow. The moisture-rich southwesterly monsoon flow and the typhoon-induced northwesterly current usually converge on Taiwan’s Central Mountain Range to produce catastrophic rainfall. The two storms are simulated with a cloud-resolving model (CRM) using the pseudo-global-warming (PGW) methodology to assess the fraction of precipitation attributable to long-term climate change. For each storm, two scenarios are simulated and compared—the control run in present-day climate and the sensitivity test in a past environment four decades ago, where the climate-change signal (“deltas”) is computed using global reanalysis data as the difference between 1990–2009 and 1950–1969. Being realistically reproduced by the CRM at a 3-km grid size in the control run, both typhoons progress in the sensitivity test with highly similar evolution to their present-day counterpart, even though the background in the sensitivity run is slightly cooler and drier than the present. Under the current climate, Morakot and Mindulle produce more rainfall by about 5 mm per day within 300–400 km from the center during their lifespan (equal to an increase of ~4–8%) compared to their counterparts in past climates. Such results are in close agreement with previous studies, and the shift in mean daily rainfall is tested as statistically significant at a confidence level of 99.5%. The water budget analysis shows that the increased rainfall from past to present climate is accounted for mainly by the low-level convergence of moisture associated with a more vigorous secondary circulation and a higher precipitable water amount.

1980년대 이후 대만 음식(cuisine)의 형성

마이클 사오(Hsin-Huang Michael Hsiao),메이창(May Yu-Hsin Chang),메이-후이첸(Mei-Hui Chen),권정화(번역자) 서울대학교 아시아연구소 2015 아시아리뷰 Vol.5 No.1

대만 음식의 출현은 대만의 민주화 과정과 1980년대 이래 국가 정체성의 성장과 관련이 깊다. 어떠한 측면에서 대만 음식의 형성은 중국 본토의 장저(江浙) 음식, 쓰촨(四川) 음식, 광둥(廣東) 음식 체계가 우세한 가운데 대만 내 두 개의 주요 민족음식, 즉 민난과 학카 음식이 자유화된 것으로 볼 수도 있다. 한족의 음식으로 알려진 민난과 학카 음식이 대만을 대표하는 요리로 급부상하게 된 것이다. 그러나 한족이 아닌 원주민 음식은 여전히 대만 음식으로 통합되지 않고 있는 점 또한 주목해야 한다. 이 글은 대만 음식의 부상이 정치적 변환과 문화적 변화를 뛰어넘는 사회적 산물이라는 점에 주목하고 있다. 민난과 학카 민족 음식의 소비는 가정의 범주를 넘어 레스토랑에서 볼 수 있는 상품화된 ‘요리’로서 빠르게 자리잡고 있다. 이 글은 민난과 학카 민족 음식의 ‘요리화’와 ‘대중화’의 특징과 변화를 설명하고자 한다. 또한 민난, 학카 음식이 어떻게 ‘표현’되고, 어떠한 ‘위치’에 있고, 대만 국가 음식으로써 ‘어느 정도’ 역할을 하는지도 주목한다. 결론에서는 민주주의, 민족성, 국가정체성이 어떻게 연관되어 있고, 이들의 관계가 대만의 현대 음식에 어떻게 반영되어 있는지를 살펴본다. The emergence of Taiwanese cuisine has much to do with the democratization process and the growth of Taiwan national identity since the 1980s. In one way, the making of Taiwanese cuisine can be seen as the liberalization of two major ethnic foods, Mainan and Hakka, from the dominance of Mainland China’s provincial food customs such as that of Jiang-Zhe, Szechuan, and Guandong. The two ethnic Han food of Minnan and Hakka have thus been ungraded to constitute the new core components of the rising Taiwan’s national cuisine. It is equally important to note that, however, the non-Han aborigine food has not been considered as an integral part of Taiwanese cuisine. This paper intends to argue that the rise of Taiwanese cuisine is the direct social product of the above political transformation and cultural change. The Minnan and Hakka ethnic foods have since then been rapidly commercialized to become the recognized “cuisine” popularly served in restaurants beyond household consumption. The rise of “cuisinization” as well as “popularization” of ethnic Mainnan and Hakka foods will then be discussed in this paper by identifying the main features and changes of each of the ethnic food. Special attention is also paid to how Minnan and Hakka food are being “presented,” “positioned” and “weighted” in the constitution of “Taiwanese national cuisine.”Finally, in the conclusion, the interplay of democracy, ethnicity and national identity and its impact on Taiwan’s contemporary foodscape will be highlighted.

A Proteomic Analysis of Leaf Responses to Enhanced Ultraviolet-B Radiation in Two Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars Differing in UV Sensitivity

Xing-Chun Wu,Chang-Xun Fang,Jin-Yang Chen,Qing-Shui Wang,Ting Chen,Wen-Xiong Lin,Zhong-Liang Huang 한국식물학회 2011 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.54 No.4

To determine the proteomic response to UV irradiation, two cultivars, i.e., Lemont (UV tolerant) and Dular (UV sensitive), were exposed to natural and enhanced ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation for 1, 7, and 14 days, and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in combination with mass spectrometry (MS) and bioinformatics were used to compare the different proteomic responses in the leaves of the two cultivars. Thirty-nine proteins were up- or downregulated following the UV-B treatments. Among them, 30 increased or decreased more than 1.5-fold in abundance. They were further tested by using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight MS and performed a database search. Twentyfour proteins were thus identified. These identified proteins were mostly upregulated in Lemont, whereas only 14 of them upregulated in Dular. Nine proteins involved in glycometabolism and fatty acid metabolisms, signal transduction, and protein synthesis and folding in Dular were not changed. These results suggest that there was a complex regulative mechanism on the proteomes in rice leaves upon UV-B exposure.

중국거주 조선족 여성의 영적 안녕정도가 정신건강에 미치는 영향

정성덕,이종범,김진성,서완석,배대석,박순재,주열,염형욱,김승원,김구묘,안영록,황대홍,표미자,조창열,정태길 영남대학교 의과대학 2004 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.21 No.2

자아초월 정신의학이 체계화되면서 영성(spirituality)은 인성의 한 부분이라는 이론이 대두되었는데 이 영성은 정신건강에 큰 영향을 미친다고 했다. 인간의 성향 중 영적 안녕 정도를 파악하여 그 정도가 정신건강 중 허위성 경향, 정신병적 경향 및 불안과 우울 경향 등에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 조사하고저 본 연구를 실시하였다. 대상은 중국의 연변 조선족 자치구에 거주하는 여성 400명을 대상으로 하여 한국판 영적 안녕척도를 사용하여 영적 안녕정도를 파악하였다. 영적 안녕척도의 총점과 이 척도의 2개 하위 척도인 종교적 안녕과 실존적 안녕 척도 양자로 평가한 성적이 불안-우울통합척도와 정신분열증 척도 및 허위성 척도로 평가한 성적에 미치는 영향을 검증하기 위하여 상관관계분석 및 회기분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 영적 안녕척도로 평가한 조선족 여성의 총점은 68.29로 한국의 기독교 여성이 평가한 100.65보다 훨씬 낮은 점수였다. 2) 불안·우울통합척도로 평가한 총점은 44.88로 연변노인이 평가한 점수와 일개지역의 한국농촌주민이 평가한 점수와 비슷한 결과였다. 3) 허위성 척도로 평가한 성적은 평균 74.57로 70점 이상이 86%(344명)이었으나 영적 안녕 성적과 허위성 성적 간에는 유의한 상관이 없었다. 4) 영적 안녕총점은 정신분열증 척도로 평가한 정신병적 경향에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았으나 종교적 안녕하위척도의 성적은 정신병적 경향을 높여준데 비하여 실존적 안녕하위척도의 성적은 정신병적 경향을 낮게 해주었다. 5) 영적 안녕척도의 총점 및 두 하위척도인종교적 안녕과 실존적 안녕은 불안과 우울에유의한 상관을 보였는데 영적 안녕총점이 높을수록 불안·우울 총점이 다소 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 6) 종교적 안녕 하위척도와 불안과 우울과의 관계는 종교적 안녕점수가 높을수록 불안과 우울을 각각 다소 유의하게 높여주었으며 이에 비하여 실존적 안녕하위척도와 불안과 우울과의 관계는 실존적 안녕정도가 높을수록 불안 및 우울점수는 유의하게 낮아졌다. 이와 같은 성적을 미루어볼 때 연변에 거주하는 조선족 여성이 평가한 영적 안녕정도는 정신병적 경향과 불안 및 우울에 유의한 상관을 보였으면 이 척도의 하위 척도인 종교적 안녕정도는 정신건강에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 반면 실존적 안녕정도는 정신건강에 긍정적 영향을 미친 결과로 평가되었다. 이러한 결과는 공산주의 사회에서 실존적 안녕은 긍정적인 가치관으로 평가되는 반면 종교적 안녕은 정신건강에 부정적으로 작용한 것을 입증해 주었다고 하겠다. Background: Spirituality has been an important part of Transpersonal Psychology and is believed to have a large effect on the mental health because it has been systematized. The aim of this study was to determine the level of spiritual disposition on human beings along with its effects on one's mental health. Materials and Methods: The study targeted 400 women residing in Youn-Gil city of JiLin Prov., which is a district of the Cho-Sun tribe in China. Their spiritual well-being was studied using the Spiritual Well-being Scale-Korean Version. The spiritual well-being scale consists of 2 sub-scales of religious well-being and existential well-being. The study was evaluated using a lie scale, psychotic trend, and a combined anxiety-depression scale. The results were considered to be factors of one's mental health. The correlation between the spiritual well-being and each tendency was analyzed by regression analysis. Results: The total score of the Cho-Sun tribal women according to the spiritual well-being scale was 68.29 which was much less than the 100.65 of Korean Christian women. There was no significant correlation between the spiritual well-being and the Lie trend. However, it was found that 86%(344) of Cho-Sun tribal women scored above 70 in the Lie trend with a mean score of 74.57 which is higher than normal populations. Regarding the correlation between the spiritual well-being and psychotic trend, the psychotic trend became significantly higher when the religious well-being was at a high level. On the other hand, the psychotic trend became significantly lower when the existential well-being was at a high level. Regarding the correlation between the spiritual well-being and anxiety, the anxiety was significantly higher when the religious well-being was at a high level. However, the anxiety level was significantly low when the existential well-being was at a high level. Regarding the correlation between the spiritual well-being and depression, the depression level was somewhat significantly high when the religious well-being was at a high level. However, the depression level was significantly low when the existential well-being was at a high level. Conclusion: This study evaluated the effects of spiritual well-being on a person's mental health among Cho-Sun tribal women in Youn-Gil city of JiLIn Prov., P.R. of China. The results found that the religious well-being, which is a sub-scale of spiritual well-being, had negative effects while the existential well-being had positive effects on the mental health. These results proved that a person's religious disposition had negative effects on their mental health in a communitarian society.

중국의 WTO 가입 전ㆍ후의 지역별 총요소생산성 변화와 결정요인 실증 분석

박창수 ( Chang Suh Park ),황춘산 ( Chun Shan Huang ) 한중사회과학학회 2012 한중사회과학연구 Vol.10 No.2

This paper analyzes the changes of total factor productivity(TFP) of 29 Chinese provinces during the period of 1995-2008. For doing this, the Malmquist productivity change index decomposed into efficiency change index and technical progress change index is used in comparing productivity performances prior to and after China`s 2001 entry into the World Trade Organization(WTO). Furthermore, 29 Chinese provinces are separated into three regions, eastern, middle, and western ones, to analyze productivity performances among these regions. In addition, GDP as output variable and fixed capital stock and number of employed workers as input variables are used in estimating the Malmquist productivity change index. The empirical results of this paper are as follows: First, although technical progress after China`s WTO entry was remarkably improved, efficiency after China`s WTO accession was continuously decreased. As a result, improvement of technical progress dominated deterioration of efficiency in China. Second, eastern region of China including Shanghai played very important role in increasing both China`s TFP and technical progress. Third, efficiency of eastern, middle, and western regions of China was all decreased so that improving efficiency will become one of the most important things for sustainable growth of Chinese economy. One of main reasons for deterioration of efficiency would be overinvestment in these three regions. Fourth, among the innovation provinces of China, the majority was coastal regions including Shanghai. Thus, it is necessary that tightening up the regional technical capability to reduce the gap between eastern and other regions of China. Finally, according to the empirical results of the determinants of TFP, market openness, FDI share, market transaction of technology and patent application play a positive role in improving TFP in China.

Effect of Mutagenesis of V111 and L112 on the Substrate Specificity of Zymomonas mobilis Pyruvate Decarboxylase

(Chang Yi Huang),(Peter F . Nixon),(Ronald G . Duggleby) 생화학분자생물학회 1999 BMB Reports Vol.32 No.1

Pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetaldehyde as the penultimate step in alcohol fermentation. The enzyme requires two cofactors, thiamin diphosphate (ThDP) and Mg^(2+), for activity. Zymomonas mobilis PDC shows a strong preference for pyruvate although it will use the higher homologues 2-ketobutyrate and 2-ketovalerate to some extent. We have investigated the effect of mutagenesis of valine 111 and leucine 112 on the substrate specificity. V111 was replaced by glycine, alanine, leucine, and isoleucine while L112 was replaced by alanine, valine, and isoleucine. With the exception of L1121, all mutants retain activity towards pyruvate with k_cat values ranging from 40% to 139% of wild-type. All mutants show changes from wild-type in the affinity for ThDP, and several (V111A, L112A, and L112V) show decreases in the affinity for Mg ^(2+). Two of the mutants, V111G and V111A, show an increase in the K_m for pyruvate. The activity of each mutant towards 2-ketobutyrate and 2-ketovalerate was investigated and some changes from wild-type were found. For the V111 mutants, the most notable of these is a 3.7-fold increase in the ability to use 2-ketovalerate. However, the largest effect is observed for the L112V mutation which increases the ability to use both 2-ketobutyrate (4.3-fold) and 2-ketovalerate (5.7-fold). The results suggest that L112 and, to a lesser extent, V111 are close to the active site and may interact with the alkyl side-chain of the substrate.

Effect of Mutagenesis of V111 and L112 on the Substrate Specificity of Zymomonas mobilis Pyruvate Decarboxylase

Huang, Chang-Yi,Nixon, Peter F.,Duggleby, Ronald G. Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 1999 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.32 No.1

Pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetaldehyde as the penultimate step in alcohol fermentation. The enzyme requires two cofactors, thiamin diphosphate (ThDP) and $Mg^{2+}$, for activity. Zymomonas mobilis PDC shows a strong preference for pyruvate although it will use the higher homologues 2-ketobutyrate and 2-ketovalerate to some extent. We have investigated the effect of mutagenesis of valine 111 and leucine 112 on the substrate specificity. V111 was replaced by glycine, alanine, leucine, and isoleucine while L112 was replaced by alanine, valine, and isoleucine. With the exception of L112I, all mutants retain activity towards pyruvate with $k_{cat}$ values ranging from 40% to 139% of wild-type. All mutants show changes from wild-type in the affinity for ThDP, and several (V111A, L112A, and L112V) show decreases in the affinity for $Mg^{2+}$. Two of the mutants, V111G and V111A, show an increase in the $K_m$ for pyruvate. The activity of each mutant towards 2-ketobutyrate and 2-ketovalerate was investigated and some changes from wild-type were found. For the V111 mutants, the most notable of these is a 3.7-fold increase in the ability to use 2-ketovalerate. However, the largest effect is observed for the L112V mutation which increases the ability to use both 2-ketobutyrate (4.3-fold) and 2-ketovalerate (5.7-fold). The results suggest that L112 and, to a lesser extent, V111 are close to the active site and may interact with the alkyl side-chain of the substrate.

Expression Profiling of Lipopolysaccharide Target Genes in RAW264.7 Cells by Oligonucleotide Microarray Analyses

Huang, Hao,Park, Cheol-Kyu,Ryu, Ji-Yoon,Chang, Eun-Ju,Lee, Young-Kyun,Kang, Sam-Sik,Kim, Hong-Hee The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2006 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.29 No.10

In inflammatory responses, induction of cytokines and other immune regulator genes in macrophages by pathogen-associated signal such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plays a crucial role. In this study, the gene expression profile changes by LPS treatment in the macrophage/monocyte lineage cell line RAW264.7 was investigated. A 60-mer oligonucleotide microarray of which probes target 32381 mouse genes was used. A reverse transcription-in vitro translation labeling protocol and a chemileuminescence detection system were employed. The mRNA expression levels in RAW264.7 cells treated for 6 h with LPS and the control vehicle were compared. 747 genes were up-regulated and 523 genes were down-regulated by more than 2 folds. 320 genes showing more than 4-fold change by LPS treatment were further classified for the biological process, molecular function, and signaling pathway. The biological process categories that showed high number of increased genes include the immunity and defense, the nucleic acid metabolism, the protein metabolism and modification, and the signal transduction process. The chemokine-cytokine signaling, interleukin signaling, Toll receptor signaling, and apoptosis signaling pathways involved high number of genes differentially expressed in response to LPS. These expression profile data provide more comprehensive information on LPS-target genes in RAW264.7 cells, which will be useful in comparing gene expression changes induced by extracts and compounds from anti-inflammatory medicinal herbs.

Comparison of Cortical Bone Trajectory to Pedicle-Based Dynamic Stabilization: An Analysis of 291 Patients

Chih-Chang Chang,Hsuan-Kan Chang,Chin-Chu Ko,Ching-Lan Wu,Yi-Hsuan Kuo,Tsung-Hsi Tu,Wen-Cheng Huang,Jau-Ching Wu 대한척추신경외과학회 2023 Neurospine Vol.20 No.1

Objective: Pedicle-based dynamic stabilization (DS) has gained popularity outside of America. Although pedicle screw (PS) loosening has always been a concern, it is reportedly innocuous. Cortical bone trajectory (CBT) screw is an emerging option with less invasiveness and similar effectiveness to PS in short-segment lumbar fusion. This study aimed to verify the use of CBT for DS by comparing the outcomes between pedicle- and CBT-based DS. Methods: Consecutive patients with lumbar spondylosis or low-grade spondylolisthesis who underwent 1- or 2-level DS between L3–5 with a minimum follow-up of 24 months were reviewed. Screw loosening was determined by computed tomography and the incidences were compared. Results: A total of 291 patients who underwent Dynesys DS (235 pedicle- and 56 CBT-based, respectively) were compared. The demographics and preoperative conditions were similar. All the clinical outcomes improved at 24-month postoperation, while the CBT-based group had less operation time and blood loss than the pedicle-based group. The rates of screw loosening were lower in the CBT-based (5.4% per screw and 12.5% per patient) than the pedicle-based group (9% per screw and 26.4% per patient). Furthermore, there were no differences in the clinical outcomes and complication profiles. Conclusion: The CBT-based DS for 1- or 2-level lumbar degeneration demonstrated equivalent clinical improvement as the pedicle-based DS. The adaption of CBT-based screws for DS could be a less invasive approach (shorter operation time and less blood loss), with lower chances of screw loosening than the conventional PS-based DS.

Expression Profiling of Lipopolysaccharide Target Genes in RAW264.7 Cells by Oligonucleotide Microarray Analyses

Hao Huang,Cheol Kyu Park,Ji Yoon Ryu,Eun-Ju Chang,Youngkyun Lee,강삼식,김홍희 대한약학회 2006 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.29 No.10

In inflammatory responses, induction of cytokines and other immune regulator genes in macrophages by pathogen-associated signal such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plays a crucial role. In this study, the gene expression profile changes by LPS treatment in the macrophage/monocyte lineage cell line RAW264.7 was investigated. A 60-mer oligonucleotide microarray of which probes target 32381 mouse genes was used. A reverse transcription-in vitro translation labeling protocol and a chemileuminescence detection system were employed. The mRNA expression levels in RAW264.7 cells treated for 6 h with LPS and the control vehicle were compared. 747 genes were up-regulated and 523 genes were down-regulated by more than 2 folds. 320 genes showing more than 4-fold change by LPS treatment were further classified for the biological process, molecular function, and signaling pathway. The biological process categories that showed high number of increased genes include the immunity and defense, the nucleic acid metabolism, the protein metabolism and modification, and the signal transduction process. The chemokine-cytokine signaling, interleukin signaling, Toll receptor signaling, and apoptosis signaling pathways involved high number of genes differentially expressed in response to LPS. These expression profile data provide more comprehensive information on LPS-target genes in RAW264.7 cells, which will be useful in comparing gene expression changes induced by extracts and compounds from anti-inflammatory medicinal herbs.