Biofunctionalized graphene oxide wrapped carbon nanotubes enabled microfluidic immunochip for bacterial cells detection

Singh, Chandan,Ali, Md. Azahar,Reddy, Venu,Singh, Dinesh,Kim, Cheol Gi,Sumana, G.,Malhotra, B.D. Elsevier 2018 Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical Vol.255 No.3

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A sensitive and selective microfluidic immunochip was fabricated for detection of <I>Salmonella typhimurium</I> (<I>S. typhimurium</I>) bacterial cells. In this sensor, graphene oxide (GO) nano sheets wrapped carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (cMWCNTs) composite acted as a transducer material. The colloidal solution of GO-cMWCNTs composite was selectively deposited onto patterned indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode and sealed with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micro channels. The <I>S. typhimurium</I> antibodies (StAb) were <I>in situ</I> biofunctionalized followed by EDC-NHS covalent chemistry <I>via</I> amidation reaction. The presence of abundant functional groups at the GO-cMWCNTs composite improved the loading of antibodies (StAb) against <I>S</I>. <I>typhimurium</I> leading to improved biosensing characteristics. Wrapping of cMWCNTs with GO resulted in superior electron transfer behavior enhancing the sensitivity (162.47μA/CFU<SUP>−1</SUP>/mLcm<SUP>−2</SUP>) almost two folds as compared to that based on GO (89.16μA/CFU<SUP>−1</SUP>/mLcm<SUP>−2</SUP>) sheets for bacterial cells detection. Besides this, GO wrapped cMWCNTs integrated microfluidics biosensor offered low detection limit as 0.376 CFU/mL and negligible interference due to presence of <I>Escherichia coli</I> (<I>E. coli</I> (O157:H7).</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Microfluidic Electrochemical immunosensor for <I>Salmonella typhimurium</I> detection designed using soft lithography technique. </LI> <LI> Graphene Oxide (GO) wrapped caboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (cMWCNTS) used as a transducer material for highly sensitive detection of <I>Salmonella typhimurium</I>. </LI> <LI> Wrapping of cMWCNTs with GO leads to improved electrochemical performance of the composite as compared to GO, most probably due to the synergistic effect. </LI> <LI> The functional groups available on GO and cMWCNTS were utilized for antibody functionalization using carbodiimide coupling using EDC-NHS chemistry results into the improved detection range. </LI> <LI> The designed microfluidic immunosensor utilized to detect <I>Salmonella typhimurium</I> with negligible interference in presence of potential inteferent like <I>E. Coli</I>. </LI> </UL> </P>

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging-transrectal ultrasound fusion biopsies increase the rate of cancer detection in populations with a low incidence of prostate cancer

Rohit Kaushal,Chandan J. Das,Prabhjot Singh,Prem Nath Dogra,Rajeev Kumar 대한비뇨의학회 2019 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.60 No.3

Purpose: To prospectively evaluate the diagnostic yield of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI)-fusion, transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsies for detection of prostate cancer in an Asian population with a low incidence of prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 131 males with suspected prostate cancer were recruited to undergo fusion biopsy with the Artemis prostate fusion biopsy device (Eigen, Grass Valley, CA, USA). All patients underwent standard 12-core systematic biopsies in addition to biopsies targeted at the mpMRI-identified abnormal regions. Yield from the standard cores was compared with that from the targeted cores. Gleason scores of 4+3 or higher were considered significant. Results: The mean age of the patients was 63.54±7.96 years and the mean prostate-specific antigen value was 9.75±5.35 ng/mL. A total of 36 patients had cancer, of which 3 (8.3%) were detected only on standard cores and 3 (8.3%) only on targeted cores. Of the clinically significant cancers (n=30), targeted biopsy detected a higher number (28/30, 93.3%) than standard biopsy (21/30, 70.0%). A total of 6 of 8 cancers (75.0%) that were insignificant on standard biopsy were upgraded to significant cancer on targeted cores. Conclusions: Eight percent of cancers were detected only on MRI-TRUS fusion-targeted biopsies, whereas the method upgraded more than two-thirds of insignificant cancers to significant cancers. Fusion biopsies thus provide incremental information over standard TRUS biopsies in the diagnosis of significant prostate cancer in populations with a low incidence of prostate cancer.

Sub-Pixel Edge Detection Using Pseudo Zernike Moment

Amandeep Kaur,Chandan Singh 보안공학연구지원센터(IJSIP) 2011 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.4 No.2

Green and proficient process for industrial-scale preparation of Gymnema sylvestre standardized-extract enriched with Gymnemic acids through polymer-matrix-adsorption to reduce hyperglycemia

Deepak Kumar,Vipin Kumar Singh,Narayan Prasad Yadav,Sudeep Tandon,Karuna Shanker,Chandan Singh Chanotiya,Narendra Kumar,Puja Khare,Anirban Pal,Debabrata Chanda,Dharmendra Saikia,Yusuf Hussain,Abha Mee 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.116 No.-

Gymnema sylvestre is an important medicinal plant, but a method for preparing standardized extractenriched with biomarkers is not available. The practiced crude hydro-alcoholic extracts of G. sylvestrecontained a few percentage of gymnemic acids (GAs). The enrichment of GAs in preprared extracts isessential from a pharmacology point of view. Presently, a scale-up process has been developed forpreparing G. sylvestre standardized extract (Gym-EEXT). Crude extract (Gym-Crude) was prepared in10-kg batches to obtain a yield of 268.1 mg/g, but GAs was merely 9 mg/g (GA-IV 6.7 mg/g, and GAXVII2.3 mg/g) in 30 % ethanol–water solvent at 50 C in 5 h. Further, Gym-Crude was processed throughpolymer-matrix-adsorption techniques for getting Gym-EEXT (150.9 mg/g) with improved percentage ofGAs (>10 %) comprised of deacylgymnemic acid (DGA: 8.9 mg/g), gymnemagenin (2.3 mg/g), GA-IV(78.6 mg/g), and GA-XVII (10.2 mg/g). For safety aspects, the pesticide residues, solvent residues, heavymetal, aflatoxins, and mutagenicity in Gym-EEXT were below the detection limits. Hence, Gym-EEXT wasenriched with GAs, and fully safe with compliance according to USP-561. An insignificant effect of Gym-EEXT on vitals of experimental mice was observed in acute and sub-acute oral-toxicityexperiments. Gym-EEXT significantly improved the blood glucose metabolism, and hence, it potentiallyreduces hyperglycaemia. Unique chromatographic protocols were developed for the isolation of biomarkerson a 1-kg scale from Gym-Crude with yield of gymnemagenin (5.5 %), and DGA (4.6 %). Finally, a novel,scientifically validated, and the scale-up process has been developed for the preparation of Gym-EEXTalong with an exclusive protocol for isolating its biomarkers.

Clinical profile and outcomes of opioid abuse gastroenteropathy: an underdiagnosed disease entity

( Ramit Mahajan ),( Yogesh Gupta ),( Arshdeep Singh ),( Pulkit Dhiman ),( Vandana Midha ),( Chandan Kakkar ),( Vikram Narang ),( Varun Mehta ),( Kavita Saggar ),( Ajit Sood ) 대한장연구학회 2020 Intestinal Research Vol.18 No.2

Background/Aims: Opioid-induced bowel dysfunction includes nausea, vomiting, constipation and abdominal distension. We describe patients presenting with gastrointestinal (GI) ulcers and ulcerated strictures secondary to opioid abuse, an entity not well described in literature. Methods: This retrospective observational study included patients with opioid abuse gastroenteropathy presenting to Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India between January 2013 and December 2018. Opioid abuse gastroenteropathy was defined as gastric or small bowel ulcers and ulcerated strictures in patients abusing opioids, where all other possible etiologies of GI ulcers/strictures were excluded. Clinical, biochemical, endoscopic, radiological and histological parameters as well as response to treatment were assessed. Results: During the study period, 20 patients (mean age, 38.5±14.2 years; 100% males) were diagnosed to have opioid induced GI ulcers and/or ulcerated strictures. The mean duration of opioid consumption was 6.2±3.4 years. The mean duration of symptoms at presentation was 222.1±392.3 days. Thirteen patients (65%) had gastroduodenal involvement, 6 (30%) had a jejunoileal disease and 1 (5%) had an ileocecal stricture. Two patients (10%) presented with upper GI bleeding, 11 (55%) had features of gastric outlet obstruction and 7 (35%) presented with small bowel obstruction. Abdominal pain and iron deficiency anemia were the most common presentations. Only 1 patient (5%) responded to proton pump inhibitors, 3 (15%) had a lasting response to endoscopic balloon dilatation, while all other (80%) required surgical intervention. Conclusions: Opioid abuse gastroenteropathy presents as ulcers and ulcerated strictures which respond poorly to medical management and endoscopic balloon dilatation. A majority of these cases need surgical intervention. (Intest Res 2020;18:238-244)

Transfer Dysphagia Due To Focal Dystonia

Priyanka Samal,Vinay Goyal,Govind K Makharia,Chandan J. Das,Sankar Prasad Gorthi,Vishnu V Y,Mamta Bhushan Singh,M V Padma Srivastava 대한파킨슨병및이상운동질환학회 2018 Journal Of Movement Disorders Vol.11 No.3

Objective The inability to propel a bolus of food successfully from the posterior part of the oral cavity to the oropharynx is defined as transfer dysphagia. The present case series describes the varied presentation of transfer dysphagia due to focal dystonia and highlights the importance of early detection by following up on strong suspicions. Methods We describe seven cases of transfer dysphagia due to focal dystonia. Transfer dysphagia as a form of focal dystonia may appear as the sole presenting complaint or may present with other forms of focal dystonia. Results Four out of seven patients had pure transfer dysphagia and had previously been treated for functional dysphagia. A high index of suspicion, barium swallow including videofluoroscopy, associated dystonia in other parts of the body and response to drug therapy with trihexyphenidyl/tetrabenazine helped to confirm the diagnosis. Conclusion Awareness of these clinical presentations among neurologists and non-neurologists can facilitate an early diagnosis and prevent unnecessary investigations.

Cross Sectional Survey on Association between Alcohol, Betel-Nut, Cigarette Consumption and Health Promoting Behavior of Industrial Workers in Ghaziabad

Arora, Dimple,Marya, Charu Mohan,Menon, Ipseeta,Oberoi, Sukhvinder Singh,Dhingra, Chandan,Anand, Richa Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.1

Background: The work force in industries are at risk of developing unduly high rates of health and behaviour related problems including abuse of alcohol, betel nut and cigarette (alcohol, betel nut and cigarette consumption). This study describes the relationships between alcohol, betel nut and cigarette consumption and health promoting behaviour among industrial workers. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional survey was conducted on workers in various industries of Ghaziabad city with concerned authority permission. A sample size of 732 workers was calculated based on pilot study. Through Simple random sampling 732 workers in 20 to 50 years age group with informed consent were interviewed through structured, pretested, validated questionnaire in vernacular language by one calibrated investigator. Data on socio demography, alcohol, betel nut and cigarette consumption pattern and health behaviour were collected. The association between health promoting behaviour and alcohol, betel nut and cigarette consumption was analysed by Logistic regression and Chi-square test through SPSS 16 at p<0.05 and 95%CI as significant. Results: Total prevalence of alcohol, betel nut and cigarette consumption in study population was 88%. The prevalence of individual alcohol, betel nut and cigarette consumption were 82%, 68% and 79% respectively. Combined alcohol, betel nut and cigarette prevalence in study population was 58%. Alcohol and cigarette users were significantly higher (p<0.001) in 30 to 40 years age group with lower level of education having poor attitude towards health promoting behaviour, poor oral hygiene practices and rare indulgence in regular physical exercise. Conclusions: This study stimulate further research on exploring methods to prevent initiation of health risk behaviour and promote healthy behaviour with cessation help for the current alcohol, betel nut and cigarette users.