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- 저자 : Capitanio, F.A. (검색결과 4 건)
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Capitanio, F.A.,Morra, G. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co 2012 Tectonophysics Vol.522 No.-
Lithospheric plates bend at subduction zones where the vertical motions of the slabs are converted to surface plate motions. To understand the mechanics of plate bending we derive scaling laws for the deflection at the margin, i.e. radius and dip, from numerical models of a subducting viscoelastic plate. In such dynamic system we find that the buoyancy and the stiffness of the plates control the radius and the dip, as well as the plate motions toward the trench. This mechanical model successfully predicts the curvature of published three-dimensional laboratory and numerical models. For a thorough comparison with the observable, we have also implemented forces additional to the slab pull, such as the suction force and far-field stresses. By increasing or resisting the torque applied at the trench by the slab, these forces can largely rearrange the dip and the radius of slabs and the inherent plate motions, although they do not alter the observed anticorrelation between radius and dip. Similar inverse correlation relationship and dip-radius ranges are shown by most of the subduction zones analysed from a global compilation. Radii in the range of 100-350km and dips of 30<SUP>o</SUP>-70<SUP>o</SUP> for slabs that extends to the bottom of the upper mantle are compatible with the models, and allow estimating an average lithospheric viscosity contrast of ∼200 in the bending with respect to the ambient mantle. Radii and dips outside of this range are in good agreement with the trends and the magnitudes of models that include suction and far-field forces. In all these subduction zones, the correlation between dip, radius and plate velocity is found to be compatible with that of the models, showing how relevant bending is for the dynamics of Earth.
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The effect of plate-scale rheology and plate interactions on intraplate seismicity
So, Byung-Dal,Capitanio, Fabio A. Elsevier 2017 Earth and planetary science letters Vol.478 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We use finite element modeling to investigate on the stress loading-unloading cycles and earthquakes occurrence in the plate interiors, resulting from the interactions of tectonic plates along their boundary. We model a visco-elasto-plastic plate embedding a single or multiple faults, while the tectonic stress is applied along the plate boundary by an external loading visco-elastic plate, reproducing the tectonic setting of two interacting lithospheres. Because the two plates deform viscously, the timescale of stress accumulation and release on the faults is self-consistently determined, from the boundary to the interiors, and seismic recurrence is an emerging feature. This approach overcomes the constraints on recurrence period imposed by stress (stress-drop) and velocity boundary conditions, while here it is unconstrained. We illustrate emerging macroscopic characteristics of this system, showing that the seismic recurrence period <I>τ</I> becomes shorter as <I>Γ</I> and <I>Θ</I> decreases, where Γ = <SUB> η I </SUB> / <SUB> η L </SUB> , the viscosity ratio of the viscosities of the internal fault-embedded to external loading plates, respectively, and Θ = <SUB> σ Y </SUB> / <SUB> σ L </SUB> the stress ratio of the elastic limit of the fault to far-field loading stress. When the system embeds multiple, randomly distributed faults, stress transfer results in recurrence period deviations, however the time-averaged recurrence period of each fault show the same dependence on <I>Γ</I> and <I>Θ</I>, illustrating a characteristic collective behavior. The control of these parameters prevails even when initial pre-stress was randomly assigned in terms of the spatial arrangement and orientation on the internal plate, mimicking local fluctuations. Our study shows the relevance of macroscopic rheological properties of tectonic plates on the earthquake occurrence in plate interiors, as opposed to local factors, proposing a viable model for the seismic behavior of continent interiors in the context of large-scale, long-term deformation of interacting tectonic plates.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> To model intraplate seismicity numerically, two deformable internal and external plates are attached. </LI> <LI> Viscosity ratio of the two plates controls the seismic recurrence interval of fault systematically. </LI> <LI> Even when multiple faults are assigned, the interval still strongly depends on viscosity ratio. </LI> <LI> Local scale stress source can perturb the interval, however, the viscosity ratio determines the average interval. </LI> </UL> </P>
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Firas Abdollah,Alberto Briganti,Nazareno Suardi,Fabio Castiglione,Andrea Gallina,Umberto Capitanio,Francesco Montorsi 대한비뇨의학회 2011 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.52 No.8
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is highly prevalent in older men and causes substantial adverse effects on health. The pathogenesis of this disease is not totally clear. Recent reports have suggested a possible relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and BPH. Single components of MetS (obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance) as well as the syndrome itself may predispose patients to a higher risk of BPH and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). This may stem from changes in insulin resistance, increased autonomic activity, impaired nitrergic innervation, increased Rho kinase activity, pro-inflammatory status, and changes in sex hormones that occur in association with MetS. However, the exact underlying mechanisms that regulate the potential relationship between MetS and BPH/LUTS still need to be clarified. Increased physical activity and dietary strategies may help in decreasing the incidence of MetS and its impact on BPH/LUTS. However, differences in the definitions used to address the examined predictors and endpoints preclude the possibility of arriving at definitive conclusions.
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