Report of the CCQM-K97: measurement of arsenobetaine standard solution and arsenobetaine content in fish tissue (tunafish)

Ma, L D,Wang, J,WEI, C,Kuroiwa, T,Narukawa, T,Ito, N,HIOKI, A,CHIBA, K,Yim, Y H,Lee, K S,Lim, Y R,Turk, G C,Davis, C W,Mester, Z,Yang, L,McCooeye, M,Maxwell, P,Cankur, O,Tokman, N,Coskun, F G BUREAU INTERNATIONAL DES POIDS ET MESURES 2017 METROLOGIA -BERLIN- Vol.54 No.-

<P></P> <P>The CCQM-K97 key comparison was organized by the inorganic analysis working group (IAWG) of CCQM as a follow-up to completed pilot study CCQM-P96 and P96.1 to test the abilities of the national metrology institutes to accurately quantitate the mass fraction of arsenobetaine (AsB) in standard solution and in fish tissue. A pilot study CCQM-P133 was parallelized with this key comparison. National Institute of Metrology (NIM), China and National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ) acted as the coordinating laboratories.</P> <P>Six NMIs participated in CCQM-K97 and two institutes participated in CCQM-P133, and all of them submitted the results. Some NMIs submitted more than one results by different methods. The results were in excellent agreement with each other, and obviously better than those of previous P96 and P96.1. Therefore the calibrant which each NMI used was comparable. It shows that the capabilities of some of the participants have been improved after the previous pilot studies.</P> <H2>Main text</H2> <P> To reach the main text of this paper, click on <A HREF='http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/final_reports/QM/K97/CCQM-K97.pdf'>Final Report</A>. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database <A HREF='http://kcdb.bipm.org/'>kcdb.bipm.org/</A>.</P> <P>The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).</P>

Effects of Different Fatty Acids and Levels on the Lipogenesis Capacity and Lipolysis Rate of Broilers In Vitro

Lien, T.F.,Wu, C.P.,Chen, K.L.,Yang, K.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2000 Animal Bioscience Vol.13 No.9

This study investigated the lipogenesis capacity of hepatocytes and lipolysis rate of adipocytes of broilers as affected by different fatty acids (trial one) and different linoleic acid (C18:2) levels (trial two). Twenty 6-wk old broilers were used; their hepatocytes and adipocytes were isolated for the in vitro study. In trial one, four treatments were tested. The control group in which no fatty acid was added, and the test groups to which were added $300{\mu}M$ of C16:0, C18:1 and C18:2, respectively. For trial two, different levels (0, $300{\mu}M$ and 1 mM) of C18:2 combined to fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin (BSA) were added to the medium. According to results of trial one, added fatty acids significantly reduced the incorporation by hepatocytes of [U,$^{14}C$]glucose into total lipid (p<0.05); the lipogenesis capacity in C18:2 group was the lowest. Although a similar pattern was found with [l,$^{14}C$]acetate, the groups only slightly differed in terms of lipogenesis capacity (p=0.11). In addition, the C18:2 group had a significantly (p<0.05) greater lipolysis rate than the C16:0 and control groups. Results of trial two indicated that C18:2 significantly (p<0.05) reduced lipogenesis capacity both for [U,$^{14}C$]glucose and [l,$^{14}C$]acetate, and markedly stimulated the lipolysis rate (p<0.05), displaying a dose response. Results presented herein demonstrate that C18:2 can reduce lipogenesis capacity and stimulate the lipolysis rate in broilers.

알칼리장석-일라이트가 육용오리의 생산성 및 육질에 미치는 영향

국길,김정은,정진형,김재필,선상수,김광현,정완태,정광화,안종남,이병석,정일병,양철주,양재은,Kook K.,Kim J. E.,Jeong J. H.,Kim J. P.,Sun S. S.,Kim K. H.,Jeong Y. T.,Jeong K. H.,Ahn J. N.,Lee B. S.,Jeong I. B.,Yang C. J.,Yang J. E. 한국가금학회 2005 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.32 No.4

본 연구는 3주령의 육용오린 사료에 알칼리장석-일라이트를 0, 0+ 항생제, 0.5, 1.0 및 $1.5\%$ 첨가한 5처리구에 3반복으로 각각 12수씩 배치하여 43일간 급여하여 생산성 및 육질에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실행하였다. 육성오리의 일당 증체량은 알칼리장석-일라이트 1.0와 $1.5\%$ 첨가구에서 약간 증가하였다(p>0.05). 사료섭취 량은 알칼리장석-일라이트 첨가구에서 증가하는 경향이었다(p>0.05). 혈중 글루코스 농도는 알칼리장석-일라이트 $0.5\%$ 처리구에서 약간 감소한 반면에(p>0.05) 혈중 요소태 질소 함량은 알칼리장석-일라이트 $0.5\%$ 첨가구에서 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 콜레스테롤 함량은 알칼리장석-일라이트 $0.5\%$ 첨가구에서 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 도체중과 도체율은 알칼리장석-일라이트 첨가수준에 따라 증가하는 경향이었다(p>0.05). 알칼리 장석-일라이트 급여에 의한 육용오리 가슴육의 조지방 함량은 알칼리장석-일라이트 $1.5\%$ 첨가구에서는 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 육색의 명도와 황색도는 알칼리장석-일라이트에서 높게 나타났으며(p>0.05), 콜레스테롤 함량은 알칼리장석-일라이트 첨가구에서 감소하였다(p>0.05). 지방산 패도는 알칼리장석-일라이트 첨가구에서 약간 감소하였다(p>0.05). 알칼리장석-일라이트 첨가에 의한 포화지방산 비율이 약간감소하는 경향인 반면에 불포화지방산 비율이 약간 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). 알칼리장석-일라이트 첨가에 의한 육성오리 간의 중금속 함량은 납 축적량이 비교적 높게 나타났다(p>0.05). 관능 평가(appearance)에서 알칼리장석-일라이트 1.0와 $1.5\%$ 첨가구에서 외관의 유의적인 개선 효과를 나타내었다 (p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 육성오리에 대한 알칼리장석-일라이트 급여는 증체량의 개선효과와 더불어 가슴육의 조지방 함량의 감소 그리고 관능평가에서 외관의 개선 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of the supplemental alkali feldspar-ilite(feldspar) on growth performance and meat quality in broiler ducks for 43 days. One hundred eighty broiler ducks were divided into 5 groups of 12ducks. Dietary levels of feldspar 0, 0+antibiotics, 0.5, 1.0 and $1.5\%$ were added to experimental diets of each of the groups. Daily weight gain was slightly increased in 1.0 and $1.5\%$ feldspar treatments. Feed intake was slightly increased at all feldspar treatments. Glucose concentration of serum profile was decreased whereas BUN concentration was significantly increased (p<0.05) at $0.5\%$ feldspar. Cholesterol concentration was decreased at all feldspar treatments, this difference was especially observed in supplemental levels of $0.5\%$ feldspar(p<0.05). Carcass weight was increased at all feldspar treatments. Moisture and crude fat contents of proximate chemical composition in duck meat were decreased at all feldspar treatment, this difference especially was observed in supplemental levels of $1.5\%$ feldspar(p<0.05) on crude fat content. Lightness and yellowness was increased at all feldspar treatment. Cholesterol contents and TBA in meat were decreased, but this parameters were not difference by feldspar treatment. The composition of saturated fatty acids(SFA) was decreased, whereas unsaturated fatty acids(USFA) was slightly increased by feldspar treatment. The Pb content of heavy metal concentrations was increased with compared control, but not difference. The appearance of sensory evaluation was improved by supplemental feldspar, especially in supplemental feldspar, 1.0 and $1.5\%$(p<0.05). The results of this study indicate that the supplemental alkali feldspar may improve the production and meat quality of broiler ducks.

Pedobacter panacis sp. nov., isolated from Panax ginseng soil

Singh, P.,Singh, H.,Kim, Y. J.,Yang, D. C. Kluwer Academic Publishers [etc.] 2017 Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Vol.110 No.2

<P>A novel strain, DCY108(T) was isolated from soil of a Panax ginseng field, Yeoncheon province (38A degrees 04'N 126A degrees 57'E), Republic of Korea. Strain DCY108(T) is Gram-negative, non-motile, non-flagellate, rod-shaped, and aerobic. The bacterium grows optimally at 25-30 A degrees C, pH 6.5-7.0 and 1 % NaCl. Phylogenetically, strain DCY108(T) is closely related to Pedobacter jejuensis JCM 18824(T), Pedobacter aquatilis JCM 13454(T), Pedobacter kyungheensis LMG 26577(T) and the type strain of the genus Pedobacter heparinus DSM 2366(T). The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain DCY108(T) and its close phylogenetic neighbors were below 30.0 %. The DNA G+C content of strain DCY108(T) was determined to be 45.1 mol%. The predominant quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The major polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine and three unidentified aminolipids AL1, AL13 and AL17. Iso-C-15:00, iso-C(17:0)3OH and summed feature 3 (C-16:1 omega 7c/C-16:1 omega 6c) were identified as the major fatty acids present in strain DCY108(T). The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed strain DCY108(T) to be differentiated phenotypically from other recognized species belonging to the genus Pedobacter. Therefore, it is suggested that the newly isolated organism represents a novel species, for which the name Pedobacter panacis sp. nov is proposed with the type strain designated as DCY108(T) (=CCTCCAB 2015196(T) = KCTC 42748(T)).</P>

Aluminium resistant, plant growth promoting bacteria induce overexpression of Aluminium stress related genes in Arabidopsis thaliana and increase the ginseng tolerance against Aluminium stress

Farh, M.E.A.,Kim, Y.J.,Sukweenadhi, J.,Singh, P.,Yang, D.C. G. Fischer 2017 Microbiological research Vol.200 No.-

<P>Panax ginseng is an important cash crop in the Asian countries due to its pharmaceutical effects, however the plant is exposed to various abiotic stresses, lead to reduction of its quality. One of them is the Aluminum (Al) accumulation. Plant growth promoting bacteria which able to tolerate heavy metals has been considered as a new trend for supporting the growth of many crops in heavy metal occupied areas. In this study, twelve bacteria strains were isolated from rhizosphere of diseased Korean ginseng roots located in Gochang province, Republic of Korea and tested for their ability to grow in Al-embedded broth media. Out of them, four strains (Pseudomonas simiae N3, Pseudomonas fragi N8, Chryseobacterium polytrichastri N10, and Burkholderia ginsengiterrae N11-2) were able to grow. The strains could also show other plant growth promoting activities e.g. auxins and siderophores production and phosphate solubilization. P. simiae N3, C. polytrichastri N10, and B. ginsengiterrae N11-2 strains were able to support the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana stressed by Al while P. fragi N8 could not. Plants inoculated with P. simiae N3, C. polytrichastri N10, and B. ginsengiterrae N11-2 showed higher expression level of Al-stress related genes, AtAIP, AtALS3 and AtALMT1, compared to non-bacterized plants. Expression profiles of the genes reveal the induction of external mechanism of Al resistance by P. simiae N3 and B. ginsengiterrae N11-2 and internal mechanism by C. polytrichastri N10. Korean ginseng seedlings treated with these strains showed higher biomass, particularly the foliar part, higher chlorophyll content than non-bacterized Al-stressed seedlings. According to the present results, these strains can be used in the future for the cultivation of ginseng in Al persisted locations.</P>

Effects of Lacquer (Rhus verniciflua) Meal on Carcass Traits, Fatty Acid Composition and Meat Quality of Finishing Pigs

Song, C.H.,Choi, J.Y.,Yoon, S.Y.,Yang, Y.X.,Shinde, P.L.,Kwon, I.K.,Kang, S.M.,Lee, S.K.,Chae, B.J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.8

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding different levels of lacquer (Rhus verniciflua Stokes) meal on the growth performance, carcass traits, fatty acid profile and meat quality of longissmuss dorsi (LD) muscle in finishing pigs. Pigs (n = 117; Landrace$\times$Yorkshire$\times$Duroc; initial body weight $80{\pm}0.4kg$) were allotted to three dietary treatments and fed lacquer at 0, 2 and 4% of the diet for five weeks. Inclusion of lacquer meal in the diets of pigs had no influence on their growth performance, carcass yield, loin eye area and fat free lean; however, pigs fed lacquer diets had lower backfat (linear, p = 0.006; quadratic, p = 0.004). Pigs fed increasing levels of lacquer meal had lower moisture (linear, p<0.001; quadratic, p = 0.008), crude fat (linear, p<0.001) and crude protein (linear, p<0.001; quadratic, p = 0.002) in LD muscle. The LD muscle of pigs fed lacquer meal had lower pH (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) at 6, 8 and 10 days, and linearly lower thio-barbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS, p<0.01) at 8 and 10 days and water holding capacity (WHC, p<0.05) at 3, 6, 8 and 10 days. The fatty acid composition of LD muscle revealed linearly lower stearic (p = 0.034) and total saturated fatty acid (p = 0.049) with increasing dietary lacquer meal levels. In general, higher lightness, redness and yellowness values were observed in LD muscle of pigs fed 2% lacquer meal on day 0 and subsequently on 3, 6, 8 and 10 days of refrigerated storage. The results of the current study suggest that lacquer meal can be incorporated up to 4% in the diet of finishing pigs without any adverse effects on performance; moreover, improvements in the meat quality during refrigerated storage can be obtained by inclusion of lacquer meal in the diet of finishing pigs.

High-brightness gallium nitride nanowire UV-blue light emitting diodes

Lee, S.-K.,Kim, T.-H.,Lee, S.-Y.,Choi, K.-C.,Yang, P. Taylor Francis 2007 PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE Vol.87 No.14

<P> We report on high-brightness GaN nanowire UV-blue light emitting diodes (LEDs), which are fabricated by coupling of n-GaN nanowires and p-GaN substrates using two assembly methods, random dispersion (RD) and dielectrophoresis assisted assembly deposition (DAAD). These GaN nanowire LEDs have bright UV-blue emission (411-437 nm) from the n-GaN nanowire/p-GaN substrate junction and the light emission is strong enough to be observed with the naked eye even for a single GaN nanowire LED. The results reported here should have significant implications for the fabrication of highly efficient, low-cost UV-blue LEDs with low power consumption, as compared to conventional thin-film based GaN LEDs.</P>

Modified Panax ginseng extract regulates autophagy by AMPK signaling in A549 human lung cancer cells

Yoo, H.-S.,Kim, J. M.,Jo, E.,Cho, C.-K.,Lee, S.-Y.,Kang, H. S.,Lee, M.-G.,Yang, P.-Y.,Jang, I.-S. Spandidos Publications 2017 Oncology reports Vol.37 No.6

<P>Panax ginseng has been used worldwide as a traditional medicine for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. The antiproliferative activity of ginseng has been increased after enzymatic processing of ginseng saponin, which may result in the accumulation of minor saponins, such as Rh2, Rg3, compound K and protopanaxatriol type (PPT) in modified regular ginseng extract (MRGX). In the present study, the anticancer activity and the associated mechanisms of MRGX were investigated using A549 human lung cancer cells. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects of MRGX, we performed a microarray analysis of gene expression in the A549 cells. Molecular mechanisms that were associated with the anticancer activity of MRGX were studied, with a special focus on the autophagy-related multiple signaling pathways in lung cancer cells. Microarray analyses elucidated autophagy-related genes affected by MRGX. Administration of MRGX at 100 mu g/ml induced punctate cytoplasmic expression of LC3, Beclin-1 and ATG5 and increased expression of endogenous LC3-II whereas 50 mu g/ml did not inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells. Compared to the control cells, in cells treated with MRGX at 100 mu g/ml, the level of p-Akt was increased, while that of mTOR-4EBP1 was decreased. Downregulation of mTOR and 4EBP1 in the MRGX-treated cells was found not to be a p-Ulk (S757)-dependent pathway, but a p-Ulk (S317)-dependent autophagic pathway, using AMPK. These data suggest that MRGX regulates AMPK and induces autophagy in lung cancer cells.</P>

하지마비 환자에서의 섬유소 용해능의 변화

양수현,양영표,이근,박봉철,채동호,이홍복,변종훈,계경채,박선양 대한내과학회 1992 대한내과학회지 Vol.42 No.1

혈전증과 색전증의 발생빈도는 하지마비 환자에서 높은 것으로 알려져 있다. 이런 환자들에서 혈전 발생에 섬유소 용해계의 변화가 어떤 작용을 하는가를 밝히기 위해 저자들은 1년에서 21년 동안 하지마비 상태에 있는 환자 11명의 혈중 섬유소 용해계 변화를 조사하였다. 환자군과 정상대조군 16명의 상지와 하지로부터 정맥혈을 채혈했다. PA 활성도는 ^(125)I-fibrin plate 방법으로 PAI 활성도는 Z-Lys-S-B키 assay로 각각 측정하였다. tPA와 PAI-1 항원은 ELISA법으로 측정했다. 환자군에서 상지와 하지 PA 활성도는 정상대조군에 비해 의미있게 감소했다. (상지 ; 0.13±0.09AU/㎖ vs 0.45±0.25AU/㎖, P=0.0001 : 하지 ; 0.18±0.18AU/㎖ vs 0.31±0.24AU/㎖, P=0.025). 환자군의 PAI-1 농도는 정상대조군에 비해 상지에서만 증가하는 경향을 보였다(23.46±10.39AU/㎖ vs 16.67±8.70AU/㎖, P=0.061). 환자군의 tPA 농도와 PAI 활성도는 정상대조군에 비해 의미있는 차이는 없었다. SDS-PAGE와 섬유소 Auto-graphy 분석에서 환자군에서 섬유소 용해대의 감소를 보였으나 분포형태는 본질적으로 정상대조군과 같았다. 하지마비 환자의 PA 활성도는 감소되고 PAI-1 농도는 증가하는 경향이 있는 것으로 나타나서 하지마비 환자에서 심부정맥 혈전증 발생과 관련이 있을 것으로 생각하였다. The incidence of thromboembolic complication has been shown high in paraplegic patients. To elucidate the possible role of changes in the fibrinolytic system in these patients to the development of thrombotic disorders, we evaluated the parameters of the blood fibrinolytic system in 11 patients who had been suffering from paraplegic limbs for one to 21 years. Venous blood samples were obtained from the upper and lower extremities of the patients and 16 normal volunteers as a control. Plasminogen activator (PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) activities were measured by the ^(125)I-fibrin plate method and Z-Lys-SBzl assay, respectively. Plasma concentrations of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were determined by ELISA methods. PA activities in both upper and lower extremities of the paraplegic patients were significantly decreased compared to those in normal controls (upper extremities; 0.13±0.09AU/㎖ vs 0.45±0.25AU/㎖, P=0.0001: lower extremities; 0.18±0.18AU/㎖ vs 0.31±0.24AU/ ㎖, P=0.025). Plasma PAI-1 concentrations of the paraplgic patients showed increasing tendency only in the upper extrmities compared to those in normal subjects (23.46±10.39AU/㎖ vs 16.67±8.70AU/㎖, P=0.061). Plasma tPA concentrations and PAI activities in paraplegic patients were not significantly different from those in normal controls. SDS-PAGE and fibrin autographic analysis of the euglobulin fractions demonstrated decreased fibrinolytic bands in paraplegic patients. However, the patterns of distribution for the fibrinolytic bands were essentially the same as those in normal subjects. In conclusion, plasma PA activities from the paraplegic patients were demonstrated to be decreased with the increasing tendency in PAI-1 concentrations. We suggest that decreased fibrinolytic activity possibly resulting from an increase in PAI-1 concentrations might be a predisposing factor to deep vein thrombosis frequently associated in paraplegic patients.

Electric modulation of conduction in multiferroic Ca-doped BiFeO₃ films

Yang, C.-H.,Seidel, J.,Kim, S. Y.,Rossen, P. B.,Yu, P.,Gajek, M.,Chu, Y. H.,Martin, L. W.,Holcomb, M. B.,He, Q.,Maksymovych, P.,Balke, N.,Kalinin, S. V.,Baddorf, A. P.,Basu, S. R.,Scullin, M. L.,Rames Nature Publishing Group 2009 Nature materials Vol.8 No.6

Many interesting materials phenomena such as the emergence of high-Tc superconductivity in the cuprates and colossal magnetoresistance in the manganites arise out of a doping-driven competition between energetically similar ground states. Doped multiferroics present a tantalizing evolution of this generic concept of phase competition. Here, we present the observation of an electronic conductor–insulator transition by control of band-filling in the model antiferromagnetic ferroelectric BiFeO<SUB>3</SUB> through Ca doping. Application of electric field enables us to control and manipulate this electronic transition to the extent that a p–n junction can be created, erased and inverted in this material. A ‘dome-like’ feature in the doping dependence of the ferroelectric transition is observed around a Ca concentration of ∼1/8, where a new pseudo-tetragonal phase appears and the electric modulation of conduction is optimized. Possible mechanisms for the observed effects are discussed on the basis of the interplay of ionic and electronic conduction. This observation opens the door to merging magnetoelectrics and magnetoelectronics at room temperature by combining electronic conduction with electric and magnetic degrees of freedom already present in the multiferroic BiFeO<SUB>3</SUB>.