Prevalence of Disaccharidase Deficiency in Adults With Unexplained Gastrointestinal Symptoms

( Lavanya Viswanathan ),( Satish S C Rao ),( Kevin Kennedy ),( Amol Sharma ),( Yun Yan ),( Enoe Jimenez ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2020 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.26 No.3

Background/Aims Disaccharidase assay is used for assessing carbohydrate intolerance in children, but its usefulness in adults is not known. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of disaccharidase deficiency in patients with unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms. Methods A retrospective review of adults with chronic (> 1 year) abdominal symptoms and negative imaging and endoscopy/colonoscopy and who completed bowel symptom questionnaire and duodenal biopsy for lactase, maltase, sucrase, and palatinase was performed. A subset also underwent 25 g lactose breath test (LBT). Results One hundred twenty patients (females = 83) were evaluated, of whom 48 also underwent LBT. Fifty-six (46.7%) patients had enzyme deficiency; 44 (36.7%) had single (either lactase or maltase), 1 had 3 enzyme deficiencies, 11 (9.2 %) had all 4 disaccharidase enzyme (pan-disaccharidase) deficiency, and 64 (53.0%) had normal enzyme levels. Baseline prevalence and severity of 11 gastrointestinal symptoms were similar between normal and single enzyme deficiency groups. The sensitivity and specificity of LBT was 78.3% and 72.0%, respectively and overall agreement with lactase deficiency was 75.0%. Conclusions Isolated disaccharidase deficiency occurs in adults, usually lactase and rarely maltase, and pan-disaccharidase deficiency is rare. Baseline symptoms or its severity did not predict enzyme deficiency. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020;26:384-390)

Facile synthesis of monodispersed 3D hierarchical Fe₃O₄ nanostructures decorated r-GO as the negative electrodes for Li-ion batteries

Kumar, S. Rajesh,Kim, Jong Guk,Viswanathan, C.,Kim, Won Bae,Selvan, R. Kalai,Ponpandian, N. Elsevier 2018 Materials research bulletin Vol.97 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>One-pot solvothermal process is adopted to develop, 3D hierarchical Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> nanoparticles supported 2D reduced graphene oxide sheets (Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>/r-GO) as possible negative electrodes for lithium ion batteries. The synthesis parameters are optimized to prepare agglomeration-free Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> nanostructures with uniform size and shape on r-GO. The field emission scanning electron microscopic (FESEM) image reveals that the 3D hierarchical Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> nanostructures are uniformly decorated on r-GO. The physicochemical and functional properties of Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>/r-GO are systematically investigated using various techniques. The fabricated Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>/r-GO electrode delivers an initial discharge capacity of 1221mAhg<SUP>−1</SUP> at a current density of 100mAg<SUP>−1</SUP> and retains the specific capacity of 1560mAhg<SUP>−1</SUP> after 100 cycles. Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>/r-GO significantly enhances cyclic performance, when compared with bare Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> nanoparticles due to the uniform distribution of Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> nanoparticles on the graphene sheet with the more number of electrochemically active sites.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Monodispersed Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> nanostructures with different shapes synthesized by solvothermal method. </LI> <LI> The fabricated Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>/r-GO electrode delivers an initial discharge capacity of 1221mAhg<SUP>−1</SUP> at 100mAhg<SUP>−1</SUP>. </LI> <LI> Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>/r-GO significantly enhances the cyclic stability and rate capability than bare Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> nanoparticles </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Synthesis of reduced graphene oxide incorporated bimetallic (Cu/Bi) nanorods based photocatalyst materials for the degradation of gallic acid and bacteria

Mohammad Ashfaq,Neetu Talreja,Divya Chauhan,C.A. Rodríguez,Adriana C. Mera,Mangalaraja Ramalinga Viswanathan 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.110 No.-

Gallic acid (GA) is a polyphenols compound commonly present in wastewater that immensely affectsaquatic and human life. GA is also responsible for the inhibitory effects on the microbial activity in thesoil, thereby decreasing the fertility of the soil. Therefore, the removal of GA from the wastewater is necessaryto combat such issues. The present study focused on the synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) incorporated bimetallic (Cu/Bi) based nanorods (r-GO-Cu/Bi-NRs) and their photocatalytic applications. Incorporating GO within the CuBi2O4-NRs might decrease the bandgap value, thereby increasingthe interfacial charge transfer. Moreover, GO increased the reactive sites and oxygen defects onto ther-GO-Cu/Bi-NRs that led to the separation rate of the photo-induced charge carriers and migration,thereby enhancing the photodegradation ability of the synthesized r-GO-Cu/Bi-NRs. The synthesis processof the r-GO-Cu/Bi-NRs is facile, novel, and economically viable for the photocatalytic degradationof organic pollutants.

열대지방의 침출수 재순환 매립지: 잠재적인 응용성과 고려 사항

( J. P. A. Hettiaratchi ),( V. B. Stein ),( C. Viswanathan ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.2

생물반응기 또는 바이오셀 매립지로 알려진, 침출수 재순환형 매립지는 높은 수준의 지하수 오염 방지, 매립지 침출수 처리의 경제적인 효율, 높은 에너지 잠재력이 있는 바이오가스의 증가, 매립지 지역의 보존, 매립된 폐기물에서 자원회수 등의 잠재력으로, 각 계절에 따른 일반적인 매립지의 대안으로 알려져 있다. 이러한 매립지는 최적조건에서 메탄생성을 위해 혐기성으로 조절하거나, 매립지의 혼합에 의한 배양토를 생성하기 위한 호기성 형식이나, 자원회수를 위해 잇따른 혼합으로 따른 호기성 형식으로 조절한다. 일반적인 매립지와 침출수 재순환 매립지에는 설계와 운영면에서 비슷한 점이 있더라도 많은 다른 점이 있다. 게다가, 침출수 재순환형 매립지는 각각 새로운 개념, 설계, 운영특징을 여전히 발전시키고 있다. 본 논문에서는 열대 개발도상국에서 적용하는 운영방식과 설계에 정밀한 재감토를 기본적으로 하여 두 가지 개념의 매립방식의 형태를 비교한다. 침출수 재순환형 매립지의 개념은 비교적 수분함량이 낮고 도시고형 폐기물이 음식 폐기물보다 적은 비율을 차지하고 있는 북미가 기원이다. 한편, 열대 개발도상국의 도시고형 폐기불은 음식폐기물과 같은 생분해가 가능한 유기물질의 비율이 높다. 게다가, 열대 도시고형 폐기물의 수분함량은 다른 기후의 개발도상국의 폐기물에 비해 높다. 그러므로, 만약 이러한 자체로 열대 개발도상국에 적용한다면, 설계와 운영에 심각한 변화가 주어져야 할 것이다. The leachate re-circulation landfill, also known as landfill bioreactor or landfill biocell, is being touted as an alternative to the conventional landfill for several reasons, including: the potential to achieve a high level of groundwater contamination control, cost-efficient management of landfill leachate, increased production of biogas with high energy potential, the possibility of conserving landfill space and recovering resources from the landfilled waste. These landfills can be operated anaerobically for optimum methane production and/or aerobically to produce compost to be recovered by landfill mining, or sequentially under anaerobic mode followed by aerobic operation with subsequent mining for resource recovery. Although there are a number of design and operational similarities between conventional landfills and leachate re-circulation landfills, a large number of differences also exist. Furthermore, leachate re-circulation landfill being a relatively new concept, design, and operational features are still evolving. This paper contrasts the features of the two concepts of landfilling based on a critical review of the design and operation practices as applied in tropical developing countries. The leachate re-circulation landfill concept has its origins in North America, where municipal solid waste has a smaller percentage of food waste and relatively low initial moisture content. On the other hand, solid waste generated in municipalities of tropical developing countries contains a large percentage of biodegradable organic material such as food wastes. Furthermore, the initial moisture content of tropical solid waste is much higher than that of waste produced in temperate or cold climates of the developed world. Therefore, if this concept is to be adopted in tropical developing countries, with its accrued benefits noted above, serious considerations should be given to design and operational changes that need to be made.

LEACHATE RE-CIRCULATION LANDFILLS IN TROPICAL CLIMATES: POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS AND SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS

( J. P. A. Hettiaratchi ),( V. B. Stein ),( C. Viswanathan ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2002 APLAS Vol.2002 No.1

The leachate re-circulation landfill, also known as landfill bioreactor or landfill biocell, is being touted as an alternative to the conventional landfill for several reasons, including: the potential to achieve a high level of groundwater contamination control, cost-efficient management of landfill leachate, increased production of biogas with high energy potential, the possibility of conserving landfill space and recovering resources from the landfilled waste. These landfills can be operated anaerobically for optimum methane production and/or aerobically to produce compost to be recovered by landfill mining, or sequentially under anaerobic mode followed by aerobic operation with subsequent mining for resource recovery. Although there are a number of design and operational similarities between conventional landfills and leachate re-circulation landfills, a large number of differences also exist. Furthermore, leachate recirculation landfill being a relatively new concept, design, and operational features are still evolving. This paper contrasts the features of the two concepts of landfilling based on a critical review of the design and operation practices as applied in tropical developing countries. The leachate re-circulation landfill concept has its origins in North America, where municipal solid waste has a smaller percentage of food waste and relatively low initial moisture content. On the other hand, solid waste generated in municipalities of tropical developing countries contains a large percentage of biodegradable organic material such as food wastes. Furthermore, the initial moisture content of tropical solid waste is much higher than that of waste produced in temperate or cold climates of the developed world. Therefore, if this concept is to be adopted in tropical developing countries, with its accrued benefits noted above, serious considerations should be given to design and operational changes that need to be made.

Enhanced photocatalytic performance of novel self-assembled floral β-Ga2O3 nanorods

K. Girija,S. Thirumalairajan,Astam K. Patra,D. Mangalaraj,N. Ponpandian,C. Viswanathan 한국물리학회 2013 Current Applied Physics Vol.13 No.4

Self-assembled monoclinic phase of novel floral b-Ga2O3 nanorods were prepared using reflux condensation method by controlled precipitation of metal cations with urea. The structural and morphological properties were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscope. Single-crystalline nanorods with size 100 nm involved in the selfassembly process to form flowery pattern have diameter w1 mm with surface area 40.8 m2/g confirmed from transmission electron microscope and BrunauereEmmetteTeller analysis. The band gap energy of 4.59 eV was evaluated from the UVevis diffuse reflectance spectrum and the photoluminescence spectrum displayed the characteristic luminescence and blue-light emission peaks. Further, the photocatalytic activity of novel b-Ga2O3 floral nanorods towards the photodegradation of Rhodamine B in aqueous solution under ultra violet light irradiation showed better photocatalytic activity than the commercial photocatalyst Degussa P25 TiO2.

Evaluation of imputation-based association in and around the integrin- -M (ITGAM) gene and replication of robust association between a non-synonymous functional variant within ITGAM and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Han, S.,Kim-Howard, X.,Deshmukh, H.,Kamatani, Y.,Viswanathan, P.,Guthridge, J. M.,Thomas, K.,Kaufman, K. M.,Ojwang, J.,Rojas-Villarraga, A.,Baca, V.,Orozco, L.,Rhodes, B.,Choi, C.-B.,Gregersen, P. K. Oxford University Press 2009 Human Molecular Genetics Vol.18 No.6

<P>We recently identified a novel non-synonymous variant, rs1143679, at exon 3 of the ITGAM gene associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) susceptibility in European-Americans (EAs) and African-Americans. Using genome-wide association approach, three other studies also independently reported an association between SLE susceptibility and ITGAM or ITGAM-ITGAX region. The primary objectives of this study are to assess whether single or multiple causal variants from the same gene or any nearby gene(s) are involved in SLE susceptibility and to confirm a robust ITGAM association across nine independent data sets (n = 8211). First, we confirmed our previously reported association of rs1143679 (risk allele 'A') with SLE in EAs (P = 1.0 x 10(-8)) and Hispanic-Americans (P = 2.9 x 10(-5)). Secondly, using a comprehensive imputation-based association test, we found that ITGAM is one of the major non-human leukocyte antigen susceptibility genes for SLE, and the strongest association for EA is the same coding variant rs1143679 (log(10)Bayes factor=20, P = 6.17 x 10(-24)). Thirdly, we determined the robustness of rs1143679 association with SLE across three additional case-control samples, including UK (P = 6.2 x 10(-8)), Colombian (P = 3.6 x 10(-7)), Mexican (P = 0.002), as well as two independent sets of trios from UK (P(TDT) = 1.4 x 10(-5)) and Mexico (P(TDT) = 0.015). A meta-analysis combing all independent data sets greatly reinforces the association (P(meta) = 7.1 x 10(-50), odds ratio = 1.83, 95% confidence interval = 1.69-1.98, n = 10 046). However, this ITGAM association was not observed in the Korean or Japanese samples, in which rs1143679 is monomorphic for the non-risk allele (G). Taken together along with our earlier findings, these results demonstrate that the coding variant, rs1143679, best explains the ITGAM-SLE association, especially in European- and African-derived populations, but not in Asian populations.</P>