Carbenoxolone prevents the development of fatty liver in C57BL/6-Lep ^ob/ob mice via the inhibition of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c activity and apoptosis

Dal Rhee, S.,Kim, C.H.,Seon Park, J.,Hoon Jung, W.,Bum Park, S.,Youn Kim, H.,Hwan Bae, G.,Jan Kim, T.,Young Kim, K. North-Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2012 european journal of pharmacology Vol.691 No.1

Carbenoxolone is the 3-hemisuccinate of glycyrrhetinic acid, the active principal of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra). It was reported that carbenoxolone improved glucose tolerance with increased insulin sensitivity in mice with high fat diet-induced obesity. In the present study, we elucidated the protective effect of carbenoxolone in fatty liver animal models of C57BL/6-Lep<SUP>ob/ob</SUP> mice through inhibition of hepatic lipogenesis and apoptosis. In addition, the potential mechanisms by which carbenoxolone could exert such protection were elucidated. Carbenoxolone was daily administrated by gavage for 28 days in C57BL/6 and C57BL/6-Lep<SUP>ob/ob</SUP> mice. Carbenoxolone prevented the plasma triglyceride and free fatty acid accumulation associated with the reduction of the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c, liver X receptor, fatty acid synthase and acethyl-CoA carboxylase in the livers of C57BL/6-Lep<SUP>ob/ob</SUP> mice. Carbenoxolone also prevented hepatic injury through anti-apoptotic action in the livers of C57BL/6-Lep<SUP>ob/ob</SUP> mice, accompanied by increased Bcl-2 expression and suppressed Bax and cytochrome c expression. As a mechanism, increased inflammatory cytokine expressions were inhibited by carbenoxolone in the fatty livers of C57BL/6-Lep<SUP>ob/ob</SUP> mice. Furthermore, carbenoxolone inhibited free fatty acid (oleate/palmitate) induced reactive oxygen species formation and reversed free fatty acid induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization in HepG2 cells. Carbenoxolone prevents the development of fatty liver by inhibiting sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c expression and activity with an anti-apoptotic mechanism via the inhibition of inflammatory cytokine and reactive oxygen species formation in the livers of C57BL/6-Lep<SUP>ob/ob</SUP> mice. It is suggested that carbenoxolone prevents the development and progression of fatty liver disease in patients with insulin resistance.

소맥단백질에 LYSINE 첨가수준이 성장중인 흰쥐에서 14C - LYSINE , 14C - THREONINE 및 14C - LEUCINE의 체내대사에 미치는 영향

김창혁,이영철,전중수행 ( C . H . Kim,Y . C . Rhee,H . Tanaka ) 한국영양사료학회 1998 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.22 No.1

<i>Rhodococcus aerolatus</i> sp. nov., isolated from subarctic rainwater

Hwang, C. Y.,Lee, I.,Cho, Y.,Lee, Y. M.,Baek, K.,Jung, Y.-J.,Yang, Y. Y.,Lee, T.,Rhee, T. S.,Lee, H. K. International Union of Microbiological Societies 2015 International journal of systematic and evolutiona Vol.65 No.2

<P>A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped and non-motile strain, designated PAMC 27367<SUP>T</SUP>, was isolated from rainwater collected on the Bering Sea. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the strain showed an affiliation with the genus <I>Rhodococcus</I>. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that strain PAMC 27367<SUP>T</SUP> formed a robust clade with the type strains of <I>Rhodococcus rhodnii</I>, <I>Rhodococcus aetherivorans</I> and <I>Rhodococcus ruber</I> with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 96.3 %, 95.8 % and 95.5 %, respectively. Cells of the strain grew optimally at 25 °C and at pH 6.5–7.0 in the presence of 0–2 % (w/v) sea salts. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside and three unknown phospholipids. The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C<SUB>16 : 0</SUB>, C<SUB>17 : 1</SUB>ω8<I>c</I> and 10-methyl C<SUB>17 : 0</SUB>. Cell wall analysis showed that strain PAMC 27367<SUP>T</SUP> contained <I>meso</I>-diaminopimelic acid. The genomic DNA G+C content was 77.1 mol%. Based on the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data presented here, we propose a novel species with the name <I>Rhodococcus</I> <I>aerolatus</I> sp. nov., with PAMC 27367<SUP>T</SUP> ( = KCTC 29240<SUP>T</SUP> = JCM 19485<SUP>T</SUP>) as the type strain.</P>

LOCAL CONNECTEDNESS IN FELL TOPOLOGY

Hur, K.,Moon, J.R.,Rhee, C.J. Korean Mathematical Society 1999 대한수학회지 Vol.36 No.6

Let $C(X)(C_{K}(X))$ denote the hyperspace of all nonempty closed connected subsets (subcontinua) of a locally compact Haus-dorff space X with the Fell topology. We prove that the following statements are equivalent: (1) X is locally connected. (2) C(X) is locally connected,. (3) C(X) is locally connected at each $E{\in}C_{k}(X).(4) C_{k}(X)$ is locally connected.

CARIBIC Aircraft Observations of Biomass Burning Effluents in the Tropical Upper Troposphere and Indications of Rapid Mixing across the Extra-Tropical Tropopause

T. S. Rhee,C. A. M. Brenninkmeimjer 한국기상학회 2006 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2006 No.-

As part of the CARIBIC project, a suite of trace gases and aerosols were observed between Germany and the Maldives in June 2000 at the altitudes between 9.4 and 10 ㎞. In the tropics, biomass burning appears to be a major cause of the variability in CO, O₃, and non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) as indicated by the enhancement ratios of the long-lived NMHCs to CO, and of the isotopic signatures of CO (the ratios of ¹³C/¹²C and ¹?O/¹?O, and the ¹⁴CO content). Our results point to biomass burning as a controlling factor of trace gas concentrations in the background tropical troposphere. In the extra-tropics, a large variability of trace gas and ultra-fine aerosol concentrations was observed in association with several excursions of the aircraft between the upper troposphere (UT) and the lowermost stratosphere (LMS), as well as outflow from deep convection. Compact correlations were found among compounds with characteristic concentrations in both the UT and the LMS (e.g., N₂O, O₃, and ¹⁴CO). Strong enhancement of the short-lived alkanes (C4 - C6) was observed in the outflow from deep convection. We observed one-to-one relationships in logarithmic scales of the alkanes (C2 - C5) in the non-convective areas, which points to relatively rapid mixing across the tropopause within about a day. We also estimated the age of air at the tropopause to be 24(±6) days, being similar to the age of the UT air. Our results therefore suggest that the extra-tropical tropopause is not an efficient mixing barrier.

마우스에 대한 Surfactin C의 급성경구독성시험

박병권(Byung-Kwon Park),임종환(Jong-Hwan Lim),황윤환(Youn-Hwan Hwang),김명석(Myung-Seok Kim),송인배(In-Bae Song),이홍기(Hong-Gee Lee),한성진(Sung-Jin Han),황미현(Mi-Hyun Hwang),김종우(Jong-Woo Kim),이만휘(Man-Hee Rhee),박승춘(Seong-C 한국독성학회 2006 Toxicological Research Vol.22 No.4

This study was carried out to investigate the acute toxicity of surfactin C in mice. Surfactin C was administered orally at does of 0, 381, 610, 977, 1562 and 2500 ㎎/㎏. Number of deaths, clinical signs, body weights, feed and water consumptions, and biochemical examinations were investigated for 14 days after single oral administration of surfactin C. LD?? value was over 2500 ㎎/㎏ in mice. In addition, no differences were found between control and treated groups in clinical signs, body weight gains, hematology, serum chemistry, feed and water consumptions. The results indicate that surfactin C did not show any toxic effects at 2500 ㎎/㎏ in mice.

임신과 비유중인 쥐에서 Glycerolipid 대사의 분할

박병성,이영철 한국축산학회 1997 한국축산학회지 Vol.39 No.6

This study was carried out to elucidate the partitioning mechanism of glycerolipid metabolism in the liver of pregnant(19days) and lactating rats(10 days post pcmtum) maintained in normal-fed and 24h-fasted states. The technique of selective dual-labelling of hepatic fatty acid with [³H] and [^(14)C] in vivo was used to monitor noninvasively the metabolism of glycerolipid in the liver of awake unrestrained rats. The incoporation rates of [^(14)C] label into plasma and liver glycerolipid, rates of tissue accumulation and ^(14)CO₂ exhaled after injection of [³H] and [^(14)C] labelled lipoprotein and Triton WR 1339 into rats with jugular cannula were measured. The rates of incorporation and absorption of [^(14)C] lipid into plasma and liver were significantly higher in the normal-fed rats than the 24h-fasted rats(P$lt;0.05). The incorporation rates of [^(14)C] lipid between pregnant and lactating rats maintained in 24h-fasted states were similar each other excepting the incorporation rates of [^(14)C] lipid into plasma in the normal-fed rats but the absorption rates of [^(14)C] lipid was significantly highest in the pregnant rats maintained in normal fed states(P$lt;0.05). The amounts of ^(14)CO₂exhaled was significantly higher in the 24h fasted-rats than in the normal fed-rats(P$lt; 0.05), but there was not difference between the pregnant and the lactating rats maintained in the same nutritional states. The rates of [^(14)C] lipid accumulation into muscle and adipose tissues were significantly higher in the normal fed-rats than in the 24h fasted-rats(P$lt;0.05). The concentrations of plasma TAG, NEFA and glucose were significantly higher in normal fed-rats than in 24h fasted-rats(P$lt; 0.05), and there were not differences between pregnant and lactating rats maintained in the same nutritional states. The amounts of secretion of phospholipid and TAG were significantly higher in the normal fedrats than the in 24h fasted-rats(P$lt;0.05), and the rates of esterification (phospholipid/total glycerolipid, %) were highest in the normal fed-lactating rats(39.83%) than in the normal fed-pregnant rats, the 24h fasted-pregnant rats and the 24h fasted-lactating rats. The ratios of oxidation(^(14)CO₂[^(14)C] glycerolipid, %) in pregnant(104%), and lactating rats(100%) maintained in the 24h fasted-states were significantly higher than in the normal fed-rats(1719%)(P$lt;0.05).

<i>CYP2A6</i> and <i>ERCC1</i> polymorphisms correlate with efficacy of S-1 plus cisplatin in metastatic gastric cancer patients

Park, S R,Kong, S-Y,Nam, B-H,Choi, I J,Kim, C G,Lee, J Y,Cho, S J,Kim, Y W,Ryu, K W,Lee, J H,Rhee, J,Park, Y-I,Kim, N K Nature Publishing Group 2011 The British journal of cancer Vol.104 No.7

<P><B>Background:</B></P><P>We evaluated the association between polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 2A6 (<I>CYP2A6</I>)/excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (<I>ERCC1</I>)/X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1(<I>XRCC1</I>) and treatment outcomes of metastatic gastric cancer (MGC) patients treated with S-1/cisplatin.</P><P><B>Methods:</B></P><P>Among MGC patients (<I>n</I>=108), who received S-1 (40 mg m<SUP>−2</SUP> b.i.d., days 1–14) and cisplatin (60 mg m<SUP>−2</SUP>, day 1) every 3 weeks, we analysed the wild-type allele (<I>W</I>) and variants (<I>V</I>) of <I>CYP2A6</I> (<I>*4</I>, <I>*7, *9, *10</I>), and the polymorphisms of <I>ERCC1</I> (rs11615, rs3212986) and <I>XRCC1</I> (rs25487).</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>Patients having fewer <I>CYP2A6</I> variants had better response rates (<I>W</I>/<I>W vs W</I>/<I>V</I> other than <I>*1/*4 vs V</I>/<I>V</I> or <I>*1/*4</I>=66.7 <I>vs</I> 58.3 <I>vs</I> 32.3% <I>P</I>=0.008), time to progression (TTP) (7.2 <I>vs</I> 6.1 <I>vs</I> 3.5 months, <I>P</I>=0.021), and overall survival (23.2 <I>vs</I> 15.4 <I>vs</I> 12.0 months, <I>P</I>=0.004). <I>ERCC1 19442C</I>><I>A</I> (rs3212986) was also associated with response rate (<I>C/C</I>, 46.7% <I>vs C/A</I>, 55.3% <I>vs A/A</I>, 87.5%) (<I>P</I>=0.048) and TTP (4.4 <I>vs</I> 7.6 <I>vs</I> 7.9 months) (<I>P</I>=0.012). Patients carrying both risk genotypes of <I>CYP2A6</I> (<I>V</I>/<I>V</I> or <I>1/*4</I>) and <I>ERCC1 19442C</I>><I>A</I> (<I>C/C</I>) <I>vs</I> those carrying none showed an adjusted odds ratio of 0.113 (<I>P</I>=0.004) for response, and adjusted hazard ratios of 3.748 (<I>P</I>=0.0001) for TTP and 2.961 (<I>P</I>=0.006) for death.</P><P><B>Conclusion:</B></P><P>Polymorphisms of <I>CYP2A6</I> and <I>ERCC1 19442C</I>><I>A</I> correlated with the efficacy of S-1/cisplatin.</P>

Design of a Low-Stray Inductance Magnetic Switch for High Compression of the Pulse Width in a Magnetic Pulse Compressor

Rhee, J.,Cho, Y.,Baek, J.,Kim, S.,Lee, C.,Ko, K. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2018 IEEE transactions on plasma science Vol. No.

<P>A magnetic pulse compressor (MPC) transfers energy via C-L-C resonance. The pulse width of the MPC is determined by the saturation inductance of the magnetic switch (MS). When using the MS, the pulse width is limited due to the stray elements. To increase the pulse compression rate, the number of stray elements must be reduced. In this paper, we propose an optimum design for an MS having the lowest impedance of stray elements, along with its analysis and experimental verification. The proposed model is designed to have a reduced magnetic path length while retaining the same saturation inductances as that of a common MS; this is accomplished by using the relationship between the magnetic field path length and the number of inductor turns. The experimental results show that the proposed MS decreases the full width at half maximum by 18% and increases the rise rate by 69%. This result demonstrates that the proposed MS increases the pulse compression rate of the MPC by reducing impedance of stray elements in the system.</P>

Immune gene discovery in the crucian carp Carassius auratus

Rhee, J.S.,Jeong, C.B.,Kim, D.H.,Kim, I.C.,Lee, Y.S.,Lee, C.,Lee, J.S. Academic Press 2014 FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY Vol.36 No.1

The crucian carp Carassius auratus (Cyprinidae) is one of the important fish species in aquaculture. Although the crucian carp has several economic benefits, their immune system and gene information have not been investigated in depth as yet. Here, we performed the transcriptome analysis of C. auratus using the pyrosequencing method and selected several immune-related genes. Of unigenes obtained in this species, we identified a number of immune system-related genes (e.g. adhesive protein, antimicrobial protein, apoptosis- and cell cycle-related protein, cellular defense effector, immune regulator, pattern recognition protein, protease, protease inhibitor, reduction/oxidation-related protein, signal transduction-related protein and stress protein) that are potentially useful for studies on fish immunity. To be of public and practical use, we designed primer pairs of each gene from the crucian carp for real-time RT-PCR application and tested the amplicon identity of entire gene sets with the total RNA sample. For comparative analysis, we measured tissue-preferential transcript profiles of selected genes. This study will be helpful to extend our knowledge on the immune system of the crucian carp in comparative aspects and to develop the crucian carp as a potential model organism for aquatic quality monitoring in fish farming.