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        Direct, CMOS In‑Line Process Flow Compatible, Sub 100 °C Cu–Cu Thermocompression Bonding Using Stress Engineering

        Asisa Kumar Panigrahi,Tamal Ghosh,C. Hemanth Kumar,Shiv Govind Singh,Siva Rama Krishna Vanjari 대한금속·재료학회 2018 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.14 No.3

        Diffusion of atoms across the boundary between two bonding layers is the key for achieving excellent thermocompressionWafer on Wafer bonding. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel mechanism to increase the diffusion across the bondinginterface and also shows the CMOS in-line process flow compatible Sub 100 °C Cu–Cu bonding which is devoid of Cusurface treatment prior to bonding. The stress in sputtered Cu thin films was engineered by adjusting the Argon in-let pressurein such a way that one film had a compressive stress while the other film had tensile stress. Due to this stress gradient, anominal pressure (2 kN) and temperature (75 °C) was enough to achieve a good quality thermocompression bonding havinga bond strength of 149 MPa and very low specific contact resistance of 1.5 × 10−8 Ω-cm2. These excellent mechanical andelectrical properties are resultant of a high quality Cu–Cu bonding having grain growth between the Cu films across theboundary and extended throughout the bonded region as revealed by Cross-sectional Transmission Electron Microscopy. Inaddition, reliability assessment of Cu–Cu bonding with stress engineering was demonstrated using multiple current stressingand temperature cycling test, suggests excellent reliable bonding without electrical performance degradation.

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