Adipose sirtuin 6 drives macrophage polarization toward M2 through IL-4 production and maintains systemic insulin sensitivity in mice and humans

Song, Mi-Young,Kim, Sang Hoon,Ryoo, Ga-Hee,Kim, Mi-Kyung,Cha, Hye-Na,Park, So-Young,Hwang, Hong Pil,Yu, Hee Chul,Bae, Eun Ju,Park, Byung-Hyun Nature Publishing Group UK 2019 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.51 No.5

<▼1><P>Adipose tissue inflammation is a reproducible feature of obesity and obesity-linked insulin resistance. Although sirtuin 6 (Sirt6) deficiency has previously been implicated in diet-induced obesity and systemic insulin resistance, the adipocyte-specific role of Sirt6 in the regulation of adipose tissue inflammation and systemic metabolic dysfunction in mice fed normal chow and in humans remains elusive. Here, using <I>Adipoq-Cre</I>-mediated adipocyte-specific Sirt6 knockout (aS6KO) mice, we explored whether adipocyte Sirt6 inhibits adipose tissue inflammation and its underlying mechanism. aS6KO mice fed normal chow gained more body weight and fat mass than wild-type mice and exhibited glucose intolerance and systemic insulin resistance. Measurement of plasma and tissue cytokines and flow cytometric analysis of adipose stromal vascular cells indicated a decrease in alternatively activated M2 macrophages in the adipose tissue of aS6KO mice. Mechanistically, Sirt6 regulated the expression of the canonical type 2 cytokine IL-4 by adipocytes in a cell autonomous manner, which in turn affects M2 macrophage polarization. Consistent with animal experimental data, the degree of obesity and insulin resistance demonstrated by the body mass index, fasting blood glucose and HbA1c correlated negatively with the expression of Sirt6 in human visceral fat tissues. Collectively, these results suggest that adipocyte Sirt6 regulates body weight gain and insulin sensitivity independent of diet, and the increased IL-4 production by Sirt6 and resultant M2 polarization of adipose tissue macrophages may attenuate proinflammatory responses in adipose tissue.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Obesity and diabetes: A control protein in fat</B></P><P>A protein in adipose tissue (composed of fat cells) helps protect against inflammation and the development of resistance to insulin that develops in obesity and can lead to type 2 diabetes. Researchers in South Korea, led by Eun Ju Bae at Woosuk University, Wanju, and Byung-Hyun Park at Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, investigated the role of Sirt6 in mice and in human adipose tissue. Deleting the mouse gene that codes for Sirt6 in adipocytes promoted the impaired response to insulin and associated increase in blood glucose levels that are two key aspects of diabetes. Changes in biochemical signaling pathways controlling immune cells called macrophages were implicated in these effects and suggest an anti-inflammatory role for Sirt6. Analysis of human adipose tissue supported these findings. The research will help understand how obesity promotes type 2 diabetes.</P></▼2>

Helicobacter pylori 항원을 이용한 면역우유 생산 및 항체특성에 관한 연구

배만종,김수정,예은주,김병기,박창호,김미경 경산대학교 생명자원개발연구소 2003 생명자원과 산업 Vol.7 No.-

본 연구는 위염, 위궤양, 위림프종 및 위암과 같은 소화기 질환의 원인균으로 알려진 Helicobacter pylori균을 항원으로 하여 젖소에 면역시킨 후 생산된 우유의 anti-H. pylorigkdcp의 생성능을 검토하고, 백신투여량과 항체 생성과의 관계, 항원 항체의 특이성, H. Pylori균 응집력, 항체의 산과 열에 대한 안정성, 그리고 백신투여가 젖소에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 1. 백신 투여량에 따른 혈청과 유청내의 anti-H. pylori항체의 함량은 10㎖, 20㎖, 30㎖ 백신투여 모든 군에서 대조구에 비해서 높은 양의 항체 생성을 확인하였다. 유의적인 차이는 없었으나 20㎖투여가 항체 생성이 가장 많은 것으로 조사되었다. 백신 투여량에 따른 유청내의 anti-H. pylori항체 생성량은 혈청에서 나타난 결과와 유사한 양상으로 형성되었다. 2. Anti-H. pylori항체의 SDS-PAGE에 의한 분자량측정 결과 heavy chain은 50kDa정도, light chain은 24kDa정도로 확인 되었다. 3. H. pylori항원 단백질의 분자량측정 결과 12개의 band가 형성되었다. Anti-H. pylori의 항원 특이성을 알아보기 위해 western bloting을 한 결과 혈청, 혈청정제, 유청, 유청 정제 모두 7개의 항원성 물질을 확인할 수 있었고, 주 항 원성 물질은 분자량이 97, 66, 34kDa 이었다. 4. 응집반응결과 유청속의 anti-H. pylori항체가 H. pylori균에 대해 1/10의 응집가를 나타내었다. 5. Anti-H. pylori항체의 산·알칼리에 대한 안정성 실험에서는 pH 5 ∼ pH 10 범위에서 안정한 상태로 100%의 활성을 나타내었다. 6. Anti-H. pylori항체의 열에 대한 안정성 실험에서는 60℃에서 60분간 안정한 상태를 보였고, 70℃에서도 비교적 안정한 상태였으나 60분 경과후 40%정도 활성이 감소하였다. 80℃에서는 4분간 처리했을 때 77%의 활성을 유지하였고, 100℃에서도 1분간은 비교적 안정한 상태였다. 7. 백신투요로 인하여 유량이 12% 감소하는 경향을 나타냈고, 최장 1주일 정도 지나면서 회복되었다. 8. 백신투여 후 젖소의 체온을 측정한 결과 대조구에 비해 정상적인 범위 내에서 체온이 상승하는 경향을 나타내었다. This study has been to examine bio-function of anti-H. pylori antibodies of milk produced from cows immune with antigen germ of Helicobacter pylori and search the relation between vaccine dosage volume and antibody formation, peculiarity of antigen antibody, cohesion of H. pylori germ, stability about add and heat of antibody, and impact of vaccine dosage on cows. The content of serum and Anti-H. pylori antibody within whey in accordance with vaccine dosage volume has confirmed the formation of high-quantified antibody compared to the controlled conditions in all groups vaccine dosages of 10㎖, 20㎖, and 30㎖. It has been turned out that the antibody was farmed most in 20㎖ dosage on while there was no attention difference. The molecular weight of Anti-H. pylori antibody measured by SDS-PAGE were turned out as about 50kDa in the heavy chain and about 24kDa in the light chain. 12 bands were formed as the result of measured molecular weight of antibody protein. The western blotting was performed in order to examine the antigen peculiarity of Anti-H. pylori that all 7 antigen substances including serum, serum refining, whey and whey refining could be confirmed and the main antigen substances were 97, 66, 34kDa of molecular weight. As a result of cohesive response Anti-H. pylori antibody in whey showed 1/10 cohesive rate about H. pylori germ. In stability test about acid and alkali of antibody there was 100% activated in the range of pH 5-pH 10. In stability test about heat it showed stable condition in 60℃: for 60 minutes and comparatively stable condition in 70℃, but reduced activation to 40% after 60 minutes. It maintained 77% activation in 80℃ for 4 minutes and comparatively stable in 100℃ for I minute. It was inclined to reduce to 12% of flow caused by vaccine injection, but recovered after about maximum 1 week. In measurement of body temperature of cows after vaccine injected, it was inclined to rise with the normal scope in comparison with the controlled conditions.

추적자 실험을 이용한 응집/침전지 수리학적 특성의 동시평가

배병욱,김영일,박진호 大田大學校 環境問題硏究所 2002 환경문제연구소 논문집 Vol.6 No.-

추적자 실험은 정수당 단위공정들의 수리학적 특성을 평가하기 위한 방법으로 사용되어 왔으나, 정수장의 각 단위공정들은 규모가 크고 처리 유량이 많아 실험이 용이하지 않고 결과의 해석도 쉽지 않다. 이에 본 연구에서는 실제 정수장 3곳의 응접지와 침전지를 대상으로 동시에 추적자 실험을 수행하는 방법과 결과의 해석기법(index법, Rebhun and Argaman이 제시한 도식해법)에 대해서 소개하였다. 추적자 실험 결과 대부분 정수장의 응집지는 실제 체류시간이 이론적 체류시간과 거의 유사했으나, 침전지의 경우에는 실제 체류시간이 이론적 체류시간에 훨씬 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 침전지 하부의 슬러지와 밀도류에 의한 것으로 판단되며, 이로 인해 플락이 침강하기 전에 웨어로 유출되어 여과지의 지속시간 단축, 역세척시 탁질 누출 등의 여과지에 악영향을 미칠 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 또한, 추적자 실험결과에 의해 동일한 정수장에 위치한 2개의 응집지와 침전지에 유량이 분배되는 특성도 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로 기존의 index법을 이용하여 응집지와 침전지의 수리학적 유체흐름 특성(back mixing, short-circuiting)을 파악할 수 있었으며, Rebhun과 Argaman이 제시한 수학적인 방법을 사용하여 압출형 흐름 분율(p). 완전혼합 흐름 분율(1-p), 그리고 사수부(m) 분율을 정량적으로 제시할 수 있었다. The tracer tests were used to evaluate for hydraulic characteristics of the unit process in water treatment plant(WTP). But, the tracer tests were difficult to analysis of results and to conducted for the test because of large flow and huge scale of unit processes in WTP. In order to introduce simultaneous performance to tracer test and analysis method of results(index method, Rebhun and Argaman method), the three real WTPs(CJ. DS, and DW) which have the flocculation and sedimentation basin were investigated. The actual detention time of flocculation basin in the majority WTPs were almost similar to theoretical detention time. But, that of sedimentation basin were far more short than theoretical detention time. This phenomenon might be due to the volume reduction of sedimentation basin by sludge and density flow (short-circuiting) under the sedimentation basin. Thereby the flocs, which carried over the weir before settle in sedimentation basin, were bad effect for downstream unit process such as filtration according to reduction of filter run time and turbidity breakthrough after filter back wash. According to the result of tracer test and flow distribution characteristics were evaluated between two flocculation and sedimentation basins in WTP. The hydraulic characteristics(back mixing, short-circuiting) of flocculation and sedimentation basin using the conventional index method were evaluated and the plug flow fraction(p), complete flow fraction(1-p), and the extent of dead spaces(m) were quantitatively determined using the mathematical and experimental analyses by Rebhun and Argaman method.

로자탄 대 포시노프릴의 고혈압 환자들에서 항고혈압 효과, 안전성 및 내약성의 비교

박대균,이명묵,채인호,이무용,이홍자,김효수,김철호,손대원,오병희,박영배,최윤식 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.1

필름형 염료감응태양전지용 AZO 투명전도막의 개발

박병욱,성열문,추영배,곽동주 경성대학교 공학기술연구소 2008 공학기술연구지 Vol.15 No.-

Recently, much interest has been paid in using plastic materials for replacing glass substrates with increasing applications for large scale flexible flat panel display and flexible film-typed dye sensitized solar cell(DSCs) In particular, flexible film-typed dye sensitized solar cell(DSCs) has attracted much interest because it can be applied to a smart window, a wearable PC as a supplementary power supplier and a winter clothes In this paper ZnO:Al thin film, which serves as a transparent conducting layer, was deposited on the polyethylene terephthalate(PET) substrate by the capacitively coupled r. f. magnetron sputtering method The effect of r. f. discharge power on the morphological, electrical and optical properties of ZnO:Al thin film were studied The film deposited on the PET substrate at r. f. discharge power of above 200 W and gas pressure of 5mTorr showed the minimum resistivity of about 2×10-3 Ω-cm, a transmittance of about 87% and optical band gap of 3.56 eV.

국방전산망의 인터넷 연결을 위한 망구성 방법과 정보보호 정책

배태환,박병권 東亞大學校附設 情報技術硏究所 2005 情報技術硏究所論文誌 Vol.13 No.1

The existing National Defense Network (NDN) is a closed one that allows no access from outside for information protection. The purpose of this paper is first to propose a solution for opening NDN to Internet to enhance its flexibility, and second to propose the several policies for protecting critical military information from outside, For the first purpose, we suggest that NDN be divided into many elementary networks connected to each other by way of VPN. An elementary network consists of a gateway, a firewal, an IPS (Intrusion Prevention System), a dummy network, and many user computers. In addition, we suggest that there should be a central certification center for certifying data and identifying users. For the second purpose, we suggest some policies about separating service network from other parts of NDN and different data protection categories: ordinary, certified, and encrypted. Tn addition, we suggest that two special teams be organized responsible for information protection and new technology application respectively. To our knowledge, this paper first tried to connect NDN to Internet, and proposed a solution to solve the security problem. We believe that this paper can contribute to the national defense policy for interconnecting NDN with Internet.

국내에서 분리된 Esherichia Coli 와 Klebsiella pneumoniae의 CTX-M형 Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase 생성 현황

배일권,우건조,정석훈,박광옥,조병규,김둘만,권수봉,김현주,강현경 대한임상미샐물학회 2004 Annals of clinical microbiology Vol.7 No.1

반건식탈황법을 이용한 SOx/NOx의 제거에 관한 연구

박재찬,배병훈,임경택 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1996 硏究報告 Vol.19 No.1

This study has been carried out to investigate the variation of removal efficiencies with SOx/NOx concentrations and the improvement of removal efficiencies with additives addition. The results are summarized as follows ; 1. For the SOx cases, the removal efficiencies of 95%, 95% and 90% were achieved at 300ppm, 1000ppm and 1500pm respectively with 15 Ca/S stoichiometric ratio in SDA-FF Process 2. For the NOx cases, the removal efficiencies of SDA were obtained extremely low levels. But the removal efficiencies of SDA-FF were achieved approximately 50% regardless of Ca/S stoichiometric rations and concentration loadings. 3. For the cases in variation of NOx removal efficiencies with additives addition, the improvement of removal efficiencies were obtained 5%, 10% by NaOH, NH₄Br respectively with 1.0 Ca/S stoichiometric ratio in SDA-FF.

인공관절 치환술 후 발생한 대퇴 골절 치료에서 금속판 내고정의 문제점

박명식,최병완,배현경,박종혁 대한골절학회 2003 대한골절학회지 Vol.16 No.2

목 적: 최근 빈도가 증가하고 골절양상도 복잡해지는 인공관절 수술 후 발생한 대퇴 골절의 발생 빈도와 금속판을 이용한 치료 시의 문제점을 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 1985년부터 1998년까지 시행된 1,275 (1,188 일차 치환, 97 재치환술)례의 고관절 치환술 시행 환자 중 52명에서 발생한 52ㄹㅖ의 대퇴부 골절을 대상으로 조사하였다. 이를 안정성 여부와 스템 끝 주위의 골절 위치에 따라서 근위부 (Ⅰ), 중심부 (스템 주위) (Ⅱ), 언위부(Ⅲ)로 구분하였고 이를 다시 비전위성 (A), 전위성 (B), 불안정성 삽입물 (C)으로 세부나였다. 치료의 방법으로 삽입물이 안정성을 가진 근위부 골절 (제 1형)에서는 부목 고정이나 환상 강선 고정을 시행하였으며, 스템 끝 (제 2형)이나 원위부 (제 3형) 골절에서는 금속판과 나사못 등을 사용하고 대퇴골 과상부인 슬관절 주변의 골절인 경우 외고정 장치 장착을 하였다. 금속판 고정을 한 경우는 골이식술을 시도하였다. 결 과: 인공관절 치환 후 발생한 골절의 빈도는 4.1%이었고, 이 중 술 중 골절은 1.5%, 술 후 골절은 2.6%이었다. 골절의 평균 유합기간은 3.1개월이었다. 금속판을 이용하여 치료한 경우 2례의 불유합과 3례의 재골절 중 1례는 골절 유합 후 보행 도중 낙상에 의하여, 1례는 골절부 유합 후 금속판 제거 후 발생하였으며, 1례는 체중 부하 도중 발생한 골절이었다. 제 Ⅲ형 골절의 경우 전례에서 스템의 이완 소견은 볼 수 없었다. 결 론: 저자들은 인공고관절 치환술 후 발생한 대퇴골 골절 치료에서 금속판 내고정 후 5례의 비교적 많은 합병증을 경험하였다. 이 중 2례는 부적절한 짧은 금속판의 선택과 조기 보행, 나머지 3례는 금속판 및 나사못과 관련된 골절로서 스트레스가 집중되는 부위인 대퇴 스템 원위단이나 금속판의 근위부는 재골절의 위험이 있으므로 골절의 치료에 있어서 골이식이나 긴 금속판 사용, 골유합시까지 외부충격에 보호 등으로 재골절의 위험 빈도를 해결해야 한다. Purpose: The purpose was to evaluate the postoperative periprosthetic femur fracture of hip arthroplasty and relative problems of management using plate fixation. Material and Method: We reviewed 37 cases of femoral fractures out of 1,270 (1,183 primary hips and 97 revision hips) hips which received hip arthroplasty during the observation period(1985~1998). We classified them according to the stability and the location of the fractures related to the stem tip: Proximal (Ⅰ), middle (around stem)(Ⅱ) and distal(Ⅲ). Then we subclassified the fractures as cortical perforation or a fissure, undisplaced (A), displaced(B) and unstable prosthesis (C). we managed periprosthetic fracture with splint applied or cerclage proximal fracture (type Ⅰ), plate fixation and bone grafts in the step tip(type Ⅱ) or distal fracture (type Ⅲ). Un unstable fractures, we revised them with long fluted stems. Result: The average union time is 3.1 months (range, 2~6.2 months). After management of fracture with plate showed 5 complications, two nonunion and three refractures. The causes of nonunion are weight bearing and a too short plate. The causes of refracture are screw fixation and empty hole just distal to stem tip. The other caused by the roles of stress riser in proximal screw of blade plate in management of supracondylar fracture. Conclusion: We recommend the use of cerclage band system of fixed in a more proximal site in long plate and bone graft. In unstable prosthesis, we had taken a best results after revised with distal fluted stem, in which we don't need further distal stability like a additional cerclage or locking screw and additional bone graft.

정보제공자와의 면담에 의해 진단된 뇌졸중후치매의 유병률과 상관인자에 관한 연구

배희준,이건세,김형수,김병건,구자성,권오현,박종무 대한치매학회 2004 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.3 No.2

Background and Objectives: With increasing age of population, stroke and dementia become greater health problems in Korea. However, there have been no studies on poststroke dementia in Korea. We intended to elucidate the frequency and clinical correlates of poststroke dementia in a hospital-based cohort. Methods: From July 2001 to July 2002, 372 patients were hospitalized to Eulji General Hospital within 7 days from onset with acute stroke or transient ischemic attack. Two hundred-eight patients (55.9%) were followed up and interviewed more than 1 year later (451 ±83.3 days). Dementia was diagnosed by Korean Dementia Screening Questionnaire (KDSQ) obtained by a direct interview. Based on Eulji Stroke Registry, demographic factors, risk factors for stroke, stroke characteristics, and stroke outcomes were gathered and examined. Results: Of 208 patients, poststroke dementia was detected in 36 patients (17.3%, 20 males, age=64.5±9.4 years). Poststroke dementia was associated with history of stroke, aphasia, modified Rankin Disability Scale (MRDS) at 3 month after stroke and when interviewed, and Barthel index at 6 months after stroke (p;0.05). Its correlation with diabetes mellitus and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale at discharge were marginally significant (0.05;p;0.1). Conclusions: Post-stroke dementia is common in Korean stroke patients. Its frequency is comparable to that in other countries. The correlates of poststroke dementia and their clinical meanings are demonstrated.