포도농가의 병해충 인식 및 화학적 방제 실태

차병진(Byeongjin Cha),이윤상(Yun Sang Lee),이형래(Hyung-Rae Lee) 한국농약과학회 2000 농약과학회지 Vol.4 No.1

As the first step of a research on the establishment of control strategy for grapevine diseases and insects, the current status of pest control and yield losses by them were surveyed from grapevine growers of Korea. For insects, the most difficult to control was a grapevine stem borer and a grapevine clearwing moth was the next. On the other hand, several diseases including anthracnose, downy mildew, powdery mildew, bird's eye rot, leaf blight, were answered by the growers. The occurrence of the pests varied to the cultural practices. Yield loss was more serious in rainfall intercept culture than in plastic film house culture and diseases caused more loss in yield than insects did. However, the grapevine grower's potential for the identification of the kinds of pests was not high enough. When the pest was observed, the growers consulted mainly with local pesticide dealers or neighbouring growers and usually applied the pesticides prescribed by the dealer. More than half of the growers did not use pest control calendar, and most of the growers applied pesticides before any symptom appeared. Also, more than half of the growers applied mixture of at least more than 1 kind of pesticide and nutrients. Insecticides were applied less than 5 times during the season, but it was more than 6 times for fungicides. In the pesticide selection, the growers checked control effect first, regardless of the registration, and the pest control cost per unit area varied very much depending on the growers.

수목 구조와 생리적 특성을 고려한 수간주입법 개선 방안

차병진(Byeongjin Cha),한상섭(Sangsub Han),김기우(Ki Woo Kim),김동수(Dong Soo Kim),이동운(DongWoon Lee) 한국농약과학회 2020 농약과학회지 Vol.24 No.2

Trunk injection delivers various substances directly to the crown through drilling wound on xylem and could be used for trees with poor roots. Injected substance is stable in the tree and trunk injection has long-lasting effect. Application of trunk injection is increasing in living space because it has little effect on the surrounding environment. However, without understanding anatomy and physiology of tree species and environmental conditions, trunk injection may injure through injection wound. This study suggests improving methods to inject substances without damaging trees. The best trunk injection is to inject the right substance at the right time, to the right tissue, in the right way. Since the injected substance relies its translocation on the transpiration flow of tree, the injection wound drilling should be different according to the components and distribution of the xylem system. Trees must be injected under the environmental conditions good for transpiration. Injection wound should be drilled on the stem tissue of good vitality in a way that minimizes the damage to the tree. The injecting substance should be weakly acidic, water-soluble and translocatable through vessels. Substance formulation and characteristics of additives are also very important. Injection wounds should be drilled as small and shallow as possible. Recently, various injectable formulations and nondrilling injectors are in the market. If the proper product is selected in consideration of the characteristics of tree species and the trunk is injected in a suitable way, better results with minimal injury on trees could be expected.

나무의사 제도 법제화에 따른 식물병리학회의 역할

차병진,Cha, Byeongjin 한국식물병리학회 2017 식물병연구 Vol.23 No.3

In December of 2016, 'The Forest Protection Act' was amended partly in The National Assembly and the socalled 'Tree Doctor Act' was promulgated. Tree Doctor Act will be enforced from June 28, 2018. Under the new Act, none other than 'Tree Hospital' can do disease and pest management work for trees in public living space. The only exclusive qualification for tree hospital is a 'Tree Doctor', the government registered license which is newly established by the Act. To become a tree doctor, he/she must complete the tree doctor training courses in the designated 'Tree Doctor Academy' and pass the qualification test. Currently, Korea Forest Service is drafting the enforcement ordinances and regulations for the implement of Tree Doctor Act. When taking into consideration that the most fundamental and important discipline of the plant and tree health care is the plant pathology, and that the tree health care is a promising business for young plant pathology people, Korean Society of Plant Pathology is ought to be actively involved in the preparation of the enforcement ordinances and regulations, and help the early establishment of the new tree health care system in living spaces of Korea. 2016년 12월에 산림보호법 중 일부가 개정되어 이른바 '나무의사법'이 공포되었으며, 이 법은 2018년 6월 28일부터 시행될 예정이다. 새로운 법안에서는 나무의사 자격 소지자에 한하여 나무병원을 개업할 수 있고, 나무병원만이 생활권 공공분야의 수목병해충 관리를 할 수 있도록 규정하고 있으며, 그에 따라 '나무의사'라는 국가공인자격이 신설되었다. 나무의사가 되기 위해서는 지정된 양성과정을 이수하고 시험을 통과하여야 한다. 현재 산림청에서는 이 법의 시행을 위하여 구체적 시행방안을 포함하는 시행령과 시행규칙 등을 만들고 있다. 수목진료 및 건강관리에서 가장 핵심적인 부분이 식물병리학이라는 사실을 감안할 때, 그리고 식물병리학을 공부하는 학생들의 사회진출을 위하여 식물병리학회는 새로운 수목진료체계가 정착될 수 있도록 나무의사 양성기관의 교육과정 개발 및 나무의사 선발시험계획 수립 등에 적극적으로 관여하여야 할 것으로 생각한다.

한국식물병명목록과 우리나라 나무병 이름에 대한 소고

차병진,서상태,한상섭,Byeongjin Cha,Sang-Tae Seo,Sang-sup Han 한국식물병리학회 2024 식물병연구 Vol.30 No.1

Since the List of Plant Diseases in Korea (DisList) was first published in 1986, the 6th edition appeared 36 years later. In 2023, the 6.1 edition, a revised and improved version of the 6th edition, was released to the public on the web free of charge. The contents of DisList increased, with the number of hosts increasing from 437 taxa to 1,420 taxa and the number of disease species increasing from 1,539 to 6,680. Among these, tree diseases are 3,586 species and their hosts include 504 taxa, providing much help to experts who need them. Meanwhile, the importance of accurate disease names continues to grow with the legalization of tree care, but many disease names are still inappropriate or misused, causing confusion. Disease names that do not follow the naming regulations are still registered, and even if the same pathogen infects hosts of the same taxa, the disease names are given differently, and there are many disease names that do not indicate the characteristics of the disease. Also, there are diseases reported without Korean names. In order to make DisList better, the review committee for disease names should establish the regulations to review and register disease names, and establish a system to review new disease names before publishing papers.

Septobasidium sp.에 의한 구실잣밤나무 고약병의 분자학적 다양성 분석

이건우,서상태,차병진,한상섭,Geon-Woo Lee,Sang-Tae Seo,Byeongjin Cha,Sang-Sub Han 한국식물병리학회 2023 식물병연구 Vol.29 No.4

2020년 제주도 동백동산 내 구실잣밤나무 수피에 고약병과 관련된 Septobasidium sp.가 발견되었다. 분리한 균주는 습실 처리하여 새로 생성된 균사에 대한 genomic DNA를 추출한 뒤 internal transcribed spacer 및 small subunit rDNA 유전자에 대해 염기서열을 밝혔으며 polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism 분석을 통해 균주들간의 분자학적 특성이 조사되었다. 이 새로운 Septobasidium sp.은 기존에 알려진 고약병들과 형태학적 및 계통학적으로 다르게 나타나 새로운 종으로 보고한다. 또한 이 고약병은 관찰 당시 주변의 다른 수목들에서는 발생하지 않고 오직 구실잣밤 나무에서만 나타나는 특성으로 기주특이성이 매우 높다는 것이 확인되었다. In 2020, within the Dongbaekdongsan area in Jeju Island, a Septobasidium sp. associated with a felt disease in Castanopsis sieboldii (Makino) Hatus. ex T. Yamaz. & Mashiba was identified. The symptom included the presence of brown, thin, and silk-like mycelial mats attached to the tree's bark, displaying variations in size from large to small. To induce hyphal growth, the samples collected were incubated in a moist chamber, and the newly formed hyphae were subjected to genomic DNA extractions. The nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer and small subunit rDNA genes were determined, and molecular characteristics among the isolates were investigated through polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. This Septobasidium sp. exhibited distinct morphological and phylogenetic features compared to those that were previously reported in South Korea. Consequently, this strain is taxonomically classified as a provisionally novel species of Septobasidium. Furthermore, the observed felt disease exhibited a high degree of host specificity, as it was exclusively identified in C. sieboldii without occurrence in other tree species at the time of observation.

토마토황화잎말림바이러스병에 대한 저항성 품종과 항바이러스 활성 물질 3종의 효과 검증

권용남(Yongnam Kwon),차병진(Byeongjin Cha),김미경(Mikyeong Kim) 한국식물병리학회 2022 식물병연구 Vol.28 No.2

최근에는 작물의 유도 저항성을 이용한 항바이러스제 개발에 관한 많은 연구가 수행되고 있으나 실제 농업현장에 널리 보급되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 본 실험은 시설토마토 재배현장에 외생 살리실산, 키토산, 유제놀 처리에 따른 토마토황화잎말림바이러스(Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, TYLCV) 감염억제효과를 검증하고자 수행되었다. 실내검정에서 TYLCV에 감수성품종인 ‘슈퍼도태랑’은 항바이러스제 처리 후 TYLCV에 감염된지 12일 후 VP (virus infected control plants)에서 바이러스 증상이 나타나기 시작했다. 접종 32일 후 TYLCV 발병도는 VP에서 98.8%였고, SAT (2 mM salicylic acid)+VP, EGT (200 μg/ml eugenol)+VP에서는 각각 98.8%, 98.7%로 발병도가 높았으나, CHT (0.1% chitosan)+VP는 85.7%로 다른 처리들과 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 그러나 TYLCV 농도는 CHT+VP에서 OD값이 0.3으로 오히려 가장 높게 나타났으며, 토마토의 초장, 지상부 및 지하부 생체중에서도 뚜렷한 효과를 보이지 않았다. 여름작형 시설재배지에서 도태랑 계열의 토마토품종 ‘도태랑솔라’를 사용하여 항바이러스 3종의 효과를 조사한 결과, 수확기에 모든 처리구에서 100.0%에 가까운 TYLCV 감염률은 나타냈으며, 수확량에도 처리간의 통계적 유의차가 인정되지는 않았다. 이와 대조적으로 Ty-1과 Ty-3a 유전자를 보유한 TYLCV에 내병성 품종인 ‘TY자이언츠’는 저항성 유묘검정의 전 조사기간 동안 바이러스 증상이 전혀 관찰되지 않았고, 식물체내 바이러스 농도도 무접종 수준이었다. 본 실험 결과 ‘TY자이언츠’ 품종은 TYLCV 발생이 만연한 지역 및 재배시기에 감수성 품종을 대체할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 반면, 저항성 유도물질인 살리실산, 유제놀, 키토산의 항바이러스 효과는 입증되지 않았기 때문에, 아직 시설토마토 재배현장에 적용하기는 어려울 것으로 판단된다. Recently, several in vitro studies have reported antiviral activity of agents of systemic acquired resistance against plant virus infection, but the approach has not been applied in a wide range of agricultural fields. The objective of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of the exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA), chitosan (CH), or eugenol (EG) in tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) infection of greenhouse-grown tomato plants. In vitro, the initial time of symptom was observed in TYLCV-infected plants (VP) of the resistant cultivar ‘Superdotaerang’ at 12 days post inoculation (dpi) after application of antiviral agents. At 32 dpi, the disease rate of TYLCV in the CHT+VP (0.1% chitosan and virus infected control) treated plants was 87.5%, lower than that of the other treatment. However, the virus content in the CHT+VP treated plants was higher than those of the other treatments, and SA, EG, and CH did not show significant effect on plant height or shoot and root fresh weight. Our results from summer-cultivated greenhouse-grown tomatoes show that none of the tested agents had an inhibitory activity on viral infection or yield of tomato ‘Dotaerangsola’cultivar. In contrast, all treated ‘TY Giants’ cultivars that possessed TYLCV resistance genes Ty-1 and Ty-3a did not show typical symptoms and the virus content was remarkably lower than those in the TYLCV treated plants in ‘Superdotaerang’. The results of this research indicated that the planting of resistant tomato cultivars was effective method instead of using SA, EG, and CH (known as resistance-inducing factors for control) of TYLCV in the field.

수피상처치료를 위한 식물생장조절물질 기반 상처유합제 개발

민호정(Hojung Min),김병관(Byeongkwan Kim),차병진(Byeongjin Cha) 한국농약과학회 2016 농약과학회지 Vol.20 No.2

New tree wound-treatment formulations (WTF) were developed in this study. Stimulating effects of plant growth regulating substance on callus formation were evaluated in vivo twig disc culture of Zelkova serrata, Ziziphus jujuba, Pinus densiflora, Ginkgo biloba. and Aesculus turbinata. Based on the evaluation, WTF were prepared with 2,4-D, NAA, and IBA using xanthan gum as an extending agent. WTF were pasted on 2 × 10 ㎝ artificial wound on the stem and the effects were evaluated 12 weeks later with the thickness of new callus-tissues. The effects varied with tree species and the growth regulators. In Z. serrata and A. turbinata, 2 ㎎/L of 2,4-D was the best WTF. In P. koraiensis and G. biloba, 8 ㎎/L of NAA and 1 ㎎/L of IBA were the best, respectively. Callus formation was quite lower in G. biloba compared to other species. Stimulating effect of thiophanate-methyl paste was excellent only in Z. serrata and lower than certain WTF in other species. Vaseline, which was used generally as an WTF, remained longer on the wound and causing decay. From the results, it could be recommended that 2,4-D, NAA and IBA were the best WTF for Z. serrata/A. turbinata, P. koraiensis and G. biloba, respectively.

Influence of Hexaconazole on Biochemical Constituents of Groundnut

I. Johnson,T. Marimuthu,R. Samiyappan,Byeongjin Cha(차병진) 한국농약과학회 2008 농약과학회지 Vol.12 No.4

In this study, hexaconazolc 5% SC, an ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor, was tested on groundnut with its recommended (500 mL ㏊<SUP>-1</SUP>) and higher (2,000 mL ㏊<SUP>-1</SUP>) concentrations under greenhouse conditions in India. Its influcnce on biochemical constitucnts of groundnut plants was assessed apart from its disease management potential against late leaf spot caused by Phaeoisariopsis personata (Berk and Curt). Likewise, leaf samples were collected from hexaconazole 5% SC-sprayed plants at different time intervals. Thereafter, their analyses showed considerable differences in the plant constituents, such as chlorophyll, soluble protein, and total phenol contents and the activity of nitrate reductase enzyme. The induction activity of defense-related enzyme, peroxidase, was also analyzed. However, no difference was observed in the isozymic pattern. Moreover, the ground kernels collected from treated plants also showed no difference in the estimated carbohydrate and other constituents.

사과 왜성대목 무병종묘 생산을 위한 바이러스 이병 및 경정배양 시스템 최적화

김진호(Jin-Ho Kim),김대일(Daeil Kim),차병진(Byeongjin Cha),박소영(So-Young Park) 한국원예학회 2016 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2016 No.5

Phoma sp.에 의한 대추나무 점무늬병 방제용 살균제 선발

이봉훈(Bong-Hun Lee),임태헌(Tae Heon Lim),차병진(Byeongjin Cha) 한국농약과학회 2000 농약과학회지 Vol.4 No.3

To select the effective fungicides for the control of leaf spot disease of jujube tree (Zizyphus jujuba) caused by Phoma sp., inhibitory effects of 26 fungicides for mycelial growth were investigated at 250 ㎍ a.i./㎖. In the test, eight fungicides were selected and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for mycelial growth and an inhibitory effect for spore germination were investigated. Among the fungicides, myclobutanil, hexaconazole, and triflumizole were excluded in control effect tests because of their relatively high MICs. MICs were ranged 10~50 ㎍ a.i./㎖ for benomyl, carbendazim + kasugamycin (CK), and thiophanate-methyl + triflumizole (11), and 50-250 ㎍ a.i./㎖ for iprodione + propineb (IP) and iminoctadine-triacetate (IT). However, benomyl and IP showed very low inhibitory effect on conidial germination. When the fungicides were sprayed on the seedlings before the leaves were inoculated with conidial suspension of Phoma sp., the protective values of CK and TT were around 70% at 1,000 ppm and around 90% at 2,000 ppm. The protective values were around 70% at 2,000 ppm (benomyl), 4,000 ppm (IP), and 8,000 ppm (IT). When the fungicides were sprayed after inoculation, benomyl showed the highest curative values of over 90% at 1,000 ppm and the values of CK and TT ranged 70~80% at 1,000 ppm. However, IP and IT had little or no effect on therapy of the disease. IT caused necrotic phytotoxicity on the leaves of jujube seedlings. As results, the best fungicides for the protection of jujube trees from leaf spot disease were CK (2,000 ppm) and TT (2,000 ppm) and for the remedy of the tree, benomyl (1,000 ppm) was the best. Therefore, alternate application of benomyl and CK or TT will be effective in the disease control.