Two Small Intravenous Catheters for High-Rate Contrast Medium Injection for Computed Tomography in Patients Lacking Superficial Veins to Accommodate a Large Catheter

Bum Gu Son,Min Jung Kim,Myeung Hwa Park,Kyoungsook Kim,Jiyu Kim,Se-Young Kim,이경진,Sang Hyun Choi,Ah Young Kim,박성호 대한영상의학회 2018 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.19 No.3

Objective: To prospectively investigate the feasibility of using 2 small intravenous catheters for high-rate computed tomography (CT) contrast injection in patients lacking superficial veins capable of accommodating ≤ 20-gauge catheters. Materials and Methods: Sixty-eight consecutive eligible adults referred for dynamic liver CT were enrolled; 58 had previously undergone liver CT, including 8 that experienced extravasation. Two 22- or 24-gauge catheters were placed in all patients after 2−5 venipunctures, and 2 mL/kg of contrast agent (370 mg I/mL) was split-administered through both catheters to achieve total flow rate of 4 mL/s. Patients’ experience and examination success rate, defined as uneventful scans completed at 4 mL/s or at < 4 mL/s achieving standard image quality in all phases, were analyzed. Quantitative hepatic signal-to-noise and hepatic vascular contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) were compared with 30 control examinations scanned at 4 mL/s using an 18-gauge catheter. Results: One case each of extravasation and severe injection pain caused the examination to be aborted. Success rate was 88.2% (60/68; 54 patients scanned at 4 mL/s, 6 at 3.5−3.9 mL/s). Fifty-five of 58 patients (94.8%) that had past CT regarded the venipuncture as more tolerable than (n = 36) or similar to (n = 19) past experiences; 45 of 58 patients (77.6%) found contrast injection less painful than (n = 35) or similar to (n = 10) past experiences. When compared with control examinations, signal-to-noise ratio was similar in all phases (p ≥ 0.502), but the hepatic arterial CNR in arterial phase was slightly inferior (p ≤ 0.047). Conclusion: Using 2 small intravenous catheters can effectively achieve high-rate CT contrast injection in patients lacking adequate superficial veins.

Design of new quadruped robot with SMA actuators for dynamic walking

Hyung-Min Son,Jun-Bum Gu,Se-Hoon Park,Yun-Jung Lee,Tae-Hyun Nam 제어로봇시스템학회 2006 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2006 No.10

Design and control of multi-step SMA actuator

Lee, Yun-Jung,Son, Hyung-min,Gu, Jun-bum,Nam, Tae-hyun IOS PRESS B.V 2006 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETICS Vol.23 No.1-2

<P>To balance the control complexity and number of controlled positions, a novel multi-step SMA actuator is proposed that has multiple controlled positions and can be actuated by sensor-less and open-loop control. The proposed multi-step SMA actuator is constructed so that several electrical taps are connected to one SMA wire and the sections between the taps are all the same length. The controlled positions then vary stepwise according to the number of actuated sections. To control the multi-step SMA actuator, a PWM(pulse width modulated) voltage with an appropriate duty ratio is applied to designated sections while considering the resistance value of the sections, as well as the recommended current for the given SMA wire. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed multi-step SMA actuator, experiments were performed using a single nitinol wire actuator with a bias spring mechanism and electronic control system.</P>

Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus and HIV Co-infection in Korea

Lee, Hyun-Ho,Hong, Hae-Guen,Son, Jong-Seong,Kwon, Sun-Mok,Lim, Bu-Geon,Lee, Kang-Bum,Kim, Gu-Hwan 대한미생물학회 2016 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.46 No.4

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have a common route like sexually transmitted infections (STIs), vertical transmission and blood transfusion, etc. Therefore, it was necessary to be an attempt to confirm the relationship of HBV and HIV in Korea. We investigated the prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and Hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) in HIV positive groups (n=430) and HIV negative groups (n=434) from January 2014 to October 2015. When comparing the prevalence of anti-HBc between the two groups, HIV positive group (36.0%) showed a higher prevalence than HIV negative group (24.7%), the result was statistically significant (p < 0.05). However, there was a little difference on HBsAg and not significant. Therefore, by showing a clear difference in anti-HBc between the two groups of HIV in Korea, it was confirmed to be associated with co-infections between Hepatitis B and HIV.

원자력전지의 지구저궤도 성능검증시험

홍진태(Jintae Hong),김종범(Jong-Bum Kim),손광재(Kwang-Jae Son),김진주(Jin-joo Kim),강구진(Gu-Jin Kang),김진(Jin Kim) 한국항공우주학회 2022 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.11

경부 CT 검사에서 Beam hardening artifact를 감소시키기 위한 최적의 어깨뼈 각도에 관한 연구:자체 제작 어깨 팬텀 평가

윤희석(Hee-Seok Yoon),이기백(Ki-Baek Lee),손범구(Bum-Gu Son) 대한CT영상기술학회 2017 대한CT영상기술학회지 Vol.19 No.2

목적 : 경부 CT 검사 시 조직 밀도가 두꺼운 어깨 구조에서 X선 흡수 차이가 많이 발생하여 선속 경화 현상(Beam hardening artifact)이 발생한다. 이러한 아티팩트는 영상의 질을 저하시키고, 미세부분의 관찰 능력을 방해한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 경부 CT 검사 시 환자의 어깨뼈(Scapula) 각도의 차이로 변화되는 최적의 어깨 자세를 구현하여 아티팩트를 감소시키고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 두 제조사의 장비(G사, S사)를 사용하여 팬텀 실험을 진행하였다. 자체 제작한 돼지 뼈 팬텀(Pig bone Phantom, 이하 P-Phantom)으로 어깨의 구조를, 3개의 물 팬텀(Water Phantom, 이하 W-Phantom)으로 thyroid, apex 위치의 neck anatomy를 재현하였다. 테이블 수평면에 어깨뼈가 이루는 각도를 기준으로, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50도의 총 5개의 각도를 200, 300, 400 mA 의 고정 mA 와 AEC 모드로 스캔하였다. 20~40도는 평균적인 환자의 자세, 어깨를 최대한 뒤로 젖힌 자세를 10도, 최대한 모은 자세를 50도로 설정하여 아티팩트 발생 정도를 Image noise로 측정하여 평가하였다. 팬텀 실험 결과에 따른 최적의 어깨뼈 각도의 조건으로 Volunteer 영상 평가를 실시하여 육안적 평가하였다. 결과 : 각도 변화에 따른 3개의 각 W-Phantom의 평균 노이즈 결과 값은 두 장비 모두 유의한 차이를 보이며(P=0.000) 10도에서 40도까지는 증가하고, 50도에서부터는 감소하는 패턴을 보였다. 10도에서 최소값, 40도에서 최대값을 나타냈고, 50도에서는 30~40도와 비슷한 수치를 보이며 감소했다. 모든 검사 조건에서도 각도별 노이즈 수치 결과는 비슷하며 thyroid 위치의 W-Phantom 평균 노이즈 값을 측정하였다. G사의 10도~50도의 평균 노이즈 값은 각각 6.08, 7.9, 10.76, 14.79, 12.85이며, S사는 6.99, 15.76, 18.56, 20.73, 18.04로 측정되었다. 10도에서 가장 작은 평균 노이즈 값의 결과를 보이며, 이에 따른 최적의 자세를 구현하기 위한 device를 제작하여 Volunteer 영상 평가를 진행하였다. 그 결과 팬텀 실험과 동일하게 어깨를 최대한 뒤로 젖힌 자세(10도)에서 아티팩트 발생을 감소시킬 수 있었다. 결론 : 경부 CT 검사에서 양 팔을 내리고, 양 쪽 어깨를 최대한 등 쪽으로 젖힌 상태(10도)의 자세에서 Beam hardening artifact를 감소시킬 수 있다. Purpose : During taking neck CT, there is a large difference of X-ray absorption in the shoulder structures with a thick tissue density, resulting in a beam hardening artifact. These artifacts degrade image quality and interfere with the ability to observe fine details. The purpose of this study is to reduce the artifact by implementing the optimal shoulder posture, which varies with the angle of the shoulder bone (Scapula) of the patient during CT scan. Materials and Methods : Phantom experiments were performed with using equipment from two manufacturers (G and S Corps). Neck pig bone phantom (P-Phantom) and Water phantom (W-Phantom) were used to reproduce anatomical positions of thyroid and apex. We performed scan with 5 angles at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 degrees with fixed mA of 200, 300 and 400 mA and AEC mode which based on the angle between the shoulder bones (scapula) and the horizontal plane of the table. The degree of artifact generation was evaluated using image noise and setting the average posture at 20 ~ 40 degrees on patients which includes the shoulder posture tilted back to 10 degrees and the maximum posture at 50 degrees. Volunteer image evaluation was performed under the condition of optimal shoulder bone angle according to the results of phantom experiment. Results : The mean index with noise figure of the three W-Phantoms was significantly different (P = 0.000) from 10°to 40°and decreased from 50°. The minimum value at 10 degrees, the maximum value at 40 degrees and the decrease at 50 degrees which is similar to 30 ~ 40 degrees. The average noise level of the W-Phantom at the thyroid position was measured under the conditions of 400 mA in both instruments. The average noise values of 10 to 50 degrees of G were 6.08, 7.9, 10.76, 14.79 and 12.85, respectively. And that of S was 6.99, 15.76, 18.56, 20.73 and 18.04. The result of the smallest average noise value was obtained at 10 degrees and the device for the optimal posture was produced and evaluated the volunteer image. As a result, it was possible to reduce the occurrence of artifacts at the maximum posture (10 degrees) of the shoulder as in the phantom experiment. Conclusion : In neck CT scan, both arms are lowered and beam hardening artifact decreases in posture with both shoulders tilted as far as possible (10 degrees).

F1 서킷 주행을 통한 브레이크 시스템의 평가법 개발

박형배(Hyung Bae Park),정성필(Sung Pil Jung),이필구(Pil Gu Lee),최희범(Hee Bum Choi),손태관(Tae Kwan Son) 한국자동차공학회 2017 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2017 No.11

The brake system is a very important system for automobile safety. However, existing brake evaluation methods are not suitable for evaluating high performance brake systems. In this paper, driving in the F1 Circuit and measure data and developed an evaluation method for brake systems based on braking energy and braking power.

누리호 성능검증위성용 모의 동위원소전지 기술 및 운용 현황

홍진태(Jintae Hong),김선진(Sunjin Kim),김종범(Jong-Bum Kim),김진주(Jin-Joo Kim),김진(Jin Kim),강구진(Gu-Jin Kang),손광재(Kwang-Jae Son) 한국항공우주학회 2023 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2023 No.6

Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus and HIV Co-infection in Korea

Hyun-Ho Lee,Hae-Guen Hong,Jong-Seong Son,Sun-Mok Kwon,Bu-Geon Lim,Kang-Bum Lee,Gu-Hwan Kim 대한바이러스학회 2016 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.46 No.4

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have a common route like sexually transmitted infections (STIs), vertical transmission and blood transfusion, etc. Therefore, it was necessary to be an attempt to confirm the relationship of HBV and HIV in Korea. We investigated the prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and Hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) in HIV positive groups (n=430) and HIV negative groups (n=434) from January 2014 to October 2015. When comparing the prevalence of anti-HBc between the two groups, HIV positive group (36.0%) showed a higher prevalence than HIV negative group (24.7%), the result was statistically significant (p < 0.05). However, there was a little difference on HBsAg and not significant. Therefore, by showing a clear difference in anti-HBc between the two groups of HIV in Korea, it was confirmed to be associated with co-infections between Hepatitis B and HIV.