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Pham, C.H.,Vu, C.C.,Sommer, S.G.,Bruun, S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.7
This study investigated the main factors influencing digester temperature and methods to reduce heat losses during the cold season in the subtropics. Four composite digesters (two insulated and two uninsulated) were buried underground to measure their internal temperature ($^{\circ}C$) at a depth of 140 cm and 180 cm, biogas production and methane ($CH_4$) concentration in biogas from August to February. In parallel the temperature of the air (100 cm above ground), in the slurry mixing tank and in the soil (10, 100, 140, and 180 cm depth) was measured by thermocouple. The influent amount was measured daily and the influent chemical composition was measured monthly during the whole experimental period. Seasonal variations in air temperature significantly affected the temperature in the soil, mixing tank and digester. Consequently, biogas production, which is temperature dependent, was influenced by the season. The main factors determining the internal temperature in the digesters were insulation with Styrofoam, air temperature and temperature of slurry in the mixing tank. Biogas production is low due to the cold climate conditions in winter in Northern Vietnam, but the study proved that storing slurry in the mixing tank until its temperature peak at around 14:00 h will increase the temperature in the digester and thus increase potential biogas production. Algorithms are provided linking digester temperature to the temperature of slurry in the mixing tank.
성장호르몬 결핍 성인에서 체지방 변화 이상의 성장호르몬 치료 효과
김경욱,남수연,김동선,안철우,김경래,임승길,이은직,차봉수,이현철,Jens M. Bruun,Bjørn Richelsen 대한비만학회 2013 The Korean journal of obesity Vol.22 No.1
Background: The mechanisms underlying the effects of growth hormone(GH) on fat metabolism in GH-deficient (GHD) patients are not fully understood. This study was to evaluate the effects of GH replacement before the body fat changes and their relevant parameters in GHD patients. Methods: In total, 14 (5 males and 9 females) GHD adults (mean 34.4 ± 8.2 yr, BMI 23.1 ± 1.0 kg/m2) received GH treatment for 12 weeks. Body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and fasting serum analyses were assessed before and after treatment. Results: GH replacement did not affect body weight (60.9 ± 3.0, vs. 60.3 ± 3.3 kg, P = 0.30), body fat mass (19.7 ±1.5, vs. 18.4 ± 1.8 kg, P = 0.10) or HOMA IR (1.65 ± 0.3,vs. 1.94 ± 0.4, P = 0.34). However, serum adiponectin and leptin levels were distinctly reduced after GH administration (6.86 ± 1.2, vs. 5.51 ± 0.8 mg/L, P = 0.03; 8.7 ± 1.1, vs. 6.5± 1.0 ng/mL, P < 0.01, respectively). Interestingly, correlations between body fat mass and adipokines were stronger (adiponectin, before r = -0.502, P = 0.07 vs. after r =-0.634, P = 0.02; leptin, before r = 0.378, P = 0.18 vs. after r = 0.711, P = 0.004) after GH administration. Conclusion: After 12 weeks-GH replacement, the reductions in serum adiponectin and leptin levels without significant body fat changes and the stronger correlations between body fat mass and these adipokines are reflective of the metabolic effects of GH probably due to the amelioration of compensatory mechanism of adiponectin like GHRH to overcome GH deficiency and leptin resistance in GHD patients.
Life Cycle Assessment of Biogas Production in Small-scale Household Digesters in Vietnam
Vu, T.K.V.,Vu, D.Q.,Jensen, L.S.,Sommer, S.G.,Bruun, S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.5
Small-scale household digesters have been promoted across Asia as a sustainable way of handling manure. The major advantages are that they produce biogas and reduce odor. However their disadvantages include the low recycling of nutrients, because digestate is dilute and therefore difficult to transport, and the loss of biogas as a result of cracks and the intentional release of excess biogas. In this study, life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology was used to assess the environmental impacts associated with biogas digesters in Vietnam. Handling 1,000 kg of liquid manure and 100 kg of solid manure in a system with a biogas digester reduced the impact potential from 4.4 kg carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) equivalents to 3.2 kg $CO_2$ equivalents compared with traditional manure management. However, this advantage could easily be compromised if digester construction is considered in the LCA or in situations where there is an excess of biogas which is intentionally released. A sensitivity analysis showed that biogas digesters could be a means of reducing global warming if methane emissions can be kept low. In terms of eutrophication, farms with biogas digesters had 3 to 4 times greater impacts. In order to make biogas digesters sustainable, methods for recycling digestates are urgently required.
Life Cycle Assessment of Biogas Production in Small-scale Household Digesters in Vietnam
T.K.V. Vu,D.Q. Vu,L.S. Jensen,S.G. Sommer,S. Bruun 아세아·태평양축산학회 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.5
Small-scale household digesters have been promoted across Asia as a sustainable way of handling manure. The major advantages are that they produce biogas and reduce odor. However their disadvantages include the low recycling of nutrients, because digestate is dilute and therefore difficult to transport, and the loss of biogas as a result of cracks and the intentional release of excess biogas. In this study, life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology was used to assess the environmental impacts associated with biogas digesters in Vietnam. Handling 1,000 kg of liquid manure and 100 kg of solid manure in a system with a biogas digester reduced the impact potential from 4.4 kg carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalents to 3.2 kg CO2 equivalents compared with traditional manure management. However, this advantage could easily be compromised if digester construction is considered in the LCA or in situations where there is an excess of biogas which is intentionally released. A sensitivity analysis showed that biogas digesters could be a means of reducing global warming if methane emissions can be kept low. In terms of eutrophication, farms with biogas digesters had 3 to 4 times greater impacts. In order to make biogas digesters sustainable, methods for recycling digestates are urgently required.
Selective removal of heavy metal ions by disulfide linked polymer networks
Ko, Dongah,Lee, Joo Sung,Patel, Hasmukh A.,Jakobsen, Mogens H.,Hwang, Yuhoon,Yavuz, Cafer T.,Hansen, Hans Chr. Bruun,Andersen, Henrik R. Elsevier 2017 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.332 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Heavy metal contaminated surface water is one of the oldest pollution problems, which is critical to ecosystems and human health. We devised disulfide linked polymer networks and employed as a sorbent for removing heavy metal ions from contaminated water. Although the polymer network material has a moderate surface area, it demonstrated cadmium removal efficiency equivalent to highly porous activated carbon while it showed 16 times faster sorption kinetics compared to activated carbon, owing to the high affinity of cadmium towards disulfide and thiol functionality in the polymer network. The metal sorption mechanism on polymer network was studied by sorption kinetics, effect of pH, and metal complexation. We observed that the metal ions–copper, cadmium, and zinc showed high binding affinity in polymer network, even in the presence of competing cations like calcium in water.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Disulfide/thiol polymer networks are promising as sorbent for heavy metals. </LI> <LI> Rapid sorption and high Langmuir affinity constant (a<SUB>L</SUB>) for stormwater treatment. </LI> <LI> Selective sorption for copper, cadmium, and zinc in the presence of calcium. </LI> <LI> Reusability likely due to structure stability of disulfide linked polymer networks. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
The Environment of the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817
Levan, A. J.,Lyman, J. D.,Tanvir, N. R.,Hjorth, J.,Mandel, I.,Stanway, E. R.,Steeghs, D.,Fruchter, A. S.,Troja, E.,Schrøder, S. L.,Wiersema, K.,Bruun, S. H.,Cano, Z.,Cenko, S. B.,Postigo, A. de Ugarte American Astronomical Society 2017 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.848 No.2