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Adenosine Signaling in Striatal Circuits and Alcohol Use Disorders
남형욱,최두섭,Robert C. Bruner 한국분자세포생물학회 2013 Molecules and cells Vol.36 No.3
Adenosine signaling has been implicated in the patho-physiology of alcohol use disorders and other psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression. Numerous studies have indicated a role for A1 receptors (A1R) in acute ethanol-induced motor incoordination, while A2A receptors (A2AR) mainly regulate the rewarding effect of ethanol in mice. Recent findings have demonstrated that dampened A2AR-mediated signaling in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) promotes ethanol-seeking behaviors. Moreover, decreased A2AR function is associated with decreased CREB activity in the DMS, which enhances goal-oriented behaviors and contributes to excessive ethanol drinking in mice. Interestingly, caffeine, the most commonly used psychoactive substance, is known to inhibit both the A1R and A2AR. This dampened adenosine receptor function may mask some of the acute intoxicating effects of ethanol. Furthermore, based on the fact that A2AR activity plays a role in goal-directed behavior, caffeine may also promote ethanol-seeking behavior. The A2AR is enriched in the striatum and exclusively expressed in striatopallidal neurons, which may be responsible for the regulation of inhibitory behavioral control over drug rewarding processes through the indirect pathway of the basal gan-glia circuit. Furthermore, the antagonistic interactions between adenosine and dopamine receptors in the stria-tum also play an integral role in alcoholism and addiction-related disorders. This review focuses on regulation of adenosine signaling in striatal circuits and the possible implication of caffeine in goal-directed behaviors and addiction.
Jonas Scheck,Philipp Bruners,David Schindler,Christiane Kuhl,Peter Isfort 대한영상의학회 2018 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.19 No.4
Objective: To compare short-, mid-, and long-term follow-up ablation zone volume alterations as well as imaging features on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) after irreversible electroporation (IRE) of primary and secondary liver tumors with findings subsequent to radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Materials and Methods: Volume assessment of 39 ablation zones (19 RFA, 20 IRE) after intervention was performed at four time intervals (day 0 [t1; n = 39], day 1–7 [t2; n = 25], day 8–55 [t3; n = 28], after day 55 [t4; n = 23]) on dual-phase CT. Analysis of peripheral rim enhancement was conducted. Lesion’s volume decrease relative to the volume at t1 was calculated and statistically analyzed with respect to patient’s sex, age, ablation modality (IRE/RFA), and history of platinum-based chemotherapy (PCT). Results: No influence of patient’s sex or age on ablation volume was detected. The decrease in ablation zones’ volume was significantly larger (p < 0.05 for all time intervals) after IRE (arterial phase, 7.5%; venous phase, 9.7% of initial volume) compared to RFA (arterial phase, 39.6%; venous phase, 45.3% of initial volume). After RFA, significantly smaller decreases in the ablation volumes, in general, were detected in patients treated with PCT in their history (p = 0.004), which was not detected after IRE (p = 0.288). In the arterial phase, peripheral rim enhancement was frequently detected after both IRE and RFA. In the venous phase, rim-enhancement was depicted significantly more often following IRE at t1 and t2 (pt1 = 0.003, pt2 < 0.001). Conclusion: As per our analysis, ablation zone volume decreased significantly in a more rapid and more profound manner after IRE. Lesion’s remodeling after RFA but not IRE seems to be influenced by PCT, possibly due to the type of cell death induced by the different ablation modalities.
Effect of Linear Chirp on Strong Field Photodissociation of H_2^+
Vaibhav S. Prabhudesai,Adi Natan,Barry D. Bruner,Yaron Silberberg,Uri Lev,Oded Heber,Daniel Strasser,Dirk Schwalm,Daniel Zajfman,Itzik Ben-Itzhak 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.41
We report the experimental findings of a systematic study of the effect of the linear chirp on strong field photodissociation of H_2^+. For vibrational levels around or above the one photon crossing, the effect manifests in terms of a shift in the kinetic energy release (KER) peaks. The peaks shift up for negative chirp whereas they shift down for positive chirp. The measurements are carried out by varying two of the laser pulse characteristics energy, pulse intensity and linear chirp while keeping the third constant. The shifts in the KER peaks are found to be intensity dependent for a given value of chirp. However, in the last two cases, they are found to be independent of the chirp magnitude. The results are understood on the basis of saturation of photodissociation probabilities for these levels.
Andreas H. Mahnken,Tobias Penzkofer,Philipp Bruners,Rolf W. Gu ¨nther,Bernhard Brehmer 대한영상의학회 2009 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.10 No.5
Over the last few years, percutaneous radiofrequency (RF) ablation has been successfully established as a viable treatment modality for small peripheral renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This technique is limited by central tumor location and tumor size. We report the interventional management of a 5.3 cm mixed RCC with central and exophytic parts by combining the RF ablation with embolization, tagging, and retrograde, as well as anterograde cooling. The potential pitfalls of complex hybrid interventions for treating RCC are discussed.
The Role of Genetic Variation Near Interferon-Kappa in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Harley, Isaac T. W.,Niewold, Timothy B.,Stormont, Rebecca M.,Kaufman, Kenneth M.,Glenn, Stuart B.,Franek, Beverly S.,Kelly, Jennifer A.,Kilpatrick, Jeffrey R.,Hutchings, David,Divers, Jasmin,Bruner, G Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2010 Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology Vol.2010 No.-
<P>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by increased type I interferons (IFNs) and multiorgan inflammation frequently targeting the skin. IFN-kappa is a type I IFN expressed in skin. A pooled genome-wide scan implicated the <I>IFNK</I> locus in SLE susceptibility. We studied <I>IFNK</I> single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 3982 SLE cases and 4275 controls, composed of European (EA), African-American (AA), and Asian ancestry. rs12553951C was associated with SLE in EA males (odds ratio = 1.93, <I>P</I> = 2.5 × 10<SUP>−4</SUP>), but not females. Suggestive associations with skin phenotypes in EA and AA females were found, and these were also sex-specific. <I>IFNK</I> SNPs were associated with increased serum type I IFN in EA and AA SLE patients. Our data suggest a sex-dependent association between <I>IFNK</I> SNPs and SLE and skin phenotypes. The serum IFN association suggests that <I>IFNK</I> variants could influence type I IFN producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells in affected skin.</P>