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Constraints on Proton Structure from Precision Atomic-Physics Measurements
Brodsky, Stanley J.,Carlson, Carl E.,Hiller, John R.,Hwang, Dae Sung American Physical Society 2005 Physical review letters Vol.94 No.2
<P>Ground-state hyperfine splittings in hydrogen and muonium are very well measured. Their difference, after correcting for magnetic moment and reduced mass effects, is due solely to proton structure-the large QED contributions for a pointlike nucleus essentially cancel. The rescaled hyperfine difference depends on the Zemach radius, a fundamental measure of the proton, computed as an integral over a product of electric and magnetic proton form factors. The determination of the Zemach radius, (1.019+/-0.016) fm, from atomic physics tightly constrains fits to accelerator measurements of proton form factors. Conversely, we can use muonium data to extract an experimental value for QED corrections to hydrogenic hyperfine data. There is a significant discrepancy between measurement and theory, in the same direction as a corresponding discrepancy in positronium.</P>
Anticoagulants and acute kidney injury: clinical and pathology considerations
( Sergey V. Brodsky ) 대한신장학회 2014 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.33 No.4
We have recently identified a new clinical syndrome in patients receiving warfarinfor anticoagulation therapy. This syndrome has been named warfarin-relatednephropathy (WRN), and patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) appear to beparticularly susceptible. WRN is defined as an acute increase in internationalnormalized ratio (INR) to 43.0, followed by evidence of acute kidney injury (AKI)within 1 week of the INR increase. AKI was defined as a sustained increase in serumcreatinine of greater than or equal to 0.3 mg/dL. The AKI cannot be explained by anyother factors, and the kidney biopsy demonstrates extensive glomerular hemorrhagewith tubular obstruction by red blood cells (RBCs). Beyond AKI, WRN is asignificant risk factor for mortality within the first 2 months of diagnosis and itaccelerates the progression of CKD. We demonstrated that 5/6 nephrectomy in ratsis a suitable experimental model to study WRN. Animals treated with warfarinshowed an increase in serum creatinine and morphologic findings in the kidneysimilar to those in humans with WRN. Our recent evidence suggests that novel oralanticoagulants may induce AKI. Diagnosis of WRN may be challenging for a renalpathologist. A few cases with suspected WRN and pathologic considerations aredescribed.
Sergey V. Brodsky,Nilesh S. Mhaskar,Sampath Thiruveedi,Rajnish Dhingra,Sharon C. Reuben,Edward Calomeni,Iouri Ivanov,Anjali Satoskar,Jessica Hemminger,Gyongyi Nadasdy,Lee Hebert,Brad Rovin,Tibor Nadas 대한신장학회 2017 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.36 No.4
Anticoagulant-related nephropathy (ARN) was initially described in patients on warfarin (as warfarin-related nephropathy) and recently in those using dabigatran. Herein, we report clinical history and kidney biopsy findings in a patient on apixaban (Eliquis). Initiation of treatment with apixaban resulted in aggravation of preexisting mild acute kidney injury (AKI). A few days after apixaban therapy, the patient became oligoanuric, and kidney biopsy showed severe acute tubular necrosis with numerous occlusive red blood cell casts. Only one out of 68 glomeruli with open capillary loops had small segmental cellular crescent. Therefore, there was major discrepancy between the degree of glomerular injury and the glomerular hematuria. Considering that the onset of this AKI was associated with apixaban treatment initiation, we propose that this patient had ARN associated with factor Xa inhibitor (apixaban), which has not previously been described. Monitoring of kidney function is recommended after initiation of anticoagulant therapy.
Effect of Gocho(苦椒) Extract Mesotherapy on Regional Fat Loss in Obese Korean Women
Kim, Eun-Joo,Brodsky, Marc,Cho, Jae-Heung,Cho, Yu-Jeong,Song, Mi-Yeon The Society of Korean Medicine 2011 대한한의학회지 Vol.32 No.6
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine whether gocho (苦椒) extract mesotherapy can effectively reduce weight and abdominal fat in obese patients. Methods: Forty obese participants were recruited and randomly assigned to two groups. Five participants dropped out voluntarily during the course of the study and four men were excluded from the analysis to avoid gender bias. Results are presented on a total of thirty-one women. Over an eight-week period, the treatment group (n=13) received gocho (苦椒) extract injections (100mcg/3cc) in the abdominal skin, twice per week; the control group (n=18) received normal saline injections (3cc). A mixed lidocaine and prilocaine cream (2.5%/2.5% EMLA cream) was applied before the injection. At baseline and 8 weeks, body weight, body-mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), abdominal fat, energy expenditure, and questionnaires (eating attitudes and physical activity) were evaluated in both groups. Results: Reductions in body weight (p<0.005), BMI, and WC (p<0.05) were greater in the treatment group. WHR, total fat area, and visceral fat area decreased only in the treatment group (p<0.05). Resting metabolic rate (RMR) change was correlated with weight loss only in the control group (r=-0.498, p<0.05). Before and after the treatment, there were no significant differences between the two groups in questionnaire variables (p>0.05). Conclusion: his study suggests that abdominal gocho (苦椒) extract mesotherapy might be an effective way to promote weight and abdominal fat loss in obese Korean women.
Shank2E binds NaP(i) cotransporter at the apical membrane of proximal tubule cells.
McWilliams, Ryan R,Breusegem, Sophia Y,Brodsky, Kelley F,Kim, Eunjoon,Levi, Moshe,Doctor, R Brian American Physiological Society 2005 American journal of physiology. Cell physiology Vol.289 No.4
<P>Proteins expressing postsynaptic density (PSD)-95/Drosophila disk large (Dlg)/zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) (PDZ) domains are commonly involved in moderating receptor, channel, and transporter activities at the plasma membrane in a variety of cell types. At the apical membrane of renal proximal tubules (PT), the type IIa NaP(i) cotransporter (NaP(i)-IIa) binds specific PDZ domain proteins. Shank2E is a spliceoform of a family of PDZ proteins that is concentrated at the apical domain of liver and pancreatic epithelial cell types and is expressed in kidney. In the present study, immunoblotting of enriched plasma membrane fractions and immunohistology found Shank2E concentrated at the brush border membrane of rat PT cells. Confocal localization of Flag-Shank2E and enhanced green fluorescent protein-NaP(i)-IIa in cotransfected OK cells showed these proteins colocalized in the apical microvilli of this PT cell model. Shank2E co-immunoprecipitated with NaP(i)-IIa from rat renal cortex tissue and HA-NaP(i)-IIa coprecipitated with Flag-Shank2E in cotransfected human embryonic kidney HEK cells. Domain analysis showed that the PDZ domain of Shank2E specifically bound NaP(i)-IIa and truncation of the COOH-terminal TRL motif from NaP(i)-IIa abolished this binding, and Far Western blotting showed that the Shank2E- NaP(i)-IIa interaction occurred directly between the two proteins. NaP(i)-IIa activity is regulated by moderating its abundance in the apical membrane. High-P(i) conditions induce NaP(i)-IIa internalization and degradation. In both rat kidney PT cells and OK cells, shifting to high-P(i) conditions induced an acute internal redistribution of Shank2E and, in OK cells, a significant degree of degradation. In sum, Shank2E is concentrated in the apical domain of renal PT cells, specifically binds NaP(i)-IIa via PDZ interactions, and undergoes P(i)-induced internalization.</P>
Dey, Supantha,Kaur, Harpreet,Mazumder, Mohit,Brodsky, Elia Korea Genome Organization 2022 Genomics & informatics Vol.20 No.3
Malaria is a life-threatening disease, and Africa is still one of the most affected endemic regions despite years of policy to limit infection and transmission rates. Further, studies into the variable efficacy of the vaccine are needed to provide a better understanding of protective immunity. Thus, the current study is designed to delineate the effect of each dose of vaccine on the transcriptional profiles of subjects to determine its efficacy and understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the protection this vaccine provides. Here, we used gene expression profiles of pre and post-vaccination patients after various doses of RTS,S based on samples collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus datasets. Subsequently, differential gene expression analysis using edgeR revealed the significantly (false discovery rate < 0.005) 158 downregulated and 61 upregulated genes between control vs. controlled human malaria infection samples. Further, enrichment analysis of significant genes delineated the involvement of CCL8, CXCL10, CXCL11, XCR1, CSF3, IFNB1, IFNE, IL12B, IL22, IL6, IL27, etc., genes which found to be upregulated after earlier doses but downregulated after the 3rd dose in cytokine-chemokine pathways. Notably, we identified 13 cytokine genes whose expression significantly varied during three doses. Eventually, these findings give insight into the dual role of cytokine responses in malaria pathogenesis. The variations in their expression patterns after various doses of vaccination are linked to the protection as it decreases the severe inflammatory effects in malaria patients. This study will be helpful in designing a better vaccine against malaria and understanding the functions of cytokine response as well.
Validation of DYICOLIS for different driving scenarios and light conditions
Petr Bouchner,Stanislav Novotny,Jan P?kny,Martin Brodsky 한국자동차공학회 2008 한국자동차공학회 Symposium Vol.2008 No.9
The paper describes specifics of various (and different) scenarios, in which in-car light conditions plays important role and their simulation could be positively affected by the use of Dynamic In-Cockpit Lighting System (DYICOLIS). A specially designed experiment was performed on the simulator equipped with DYICOLIS, with a goal to compare driving simulation fidelity with and without use of this system and also to compare it to driving in a real car in similar but real environments. Besides subjective drivers’ evaluation questionnaires, also the objective methods for assessment were involved ? in this case the eye-tracking device analysis. Finally the paper presents discussion on the results of both, subjective and objective measures.
Sensitivity and discovery potential of the proposed nEXO experiment to neutrinoless double- β decay
Albert, J. B.,Anton, G.,Arnquist, I. J.,Badhrees, I.,Barbeau, P.,Beck, D.,Belov, V.,Bourque, F.,Brodsky, J. P.,Brown, E.,Brunner, T.,Burenkov, A.,Cao, G. F.,Cao, L.,Cen, W. R.,Chambers, C.,Charlebois, American Physical Society 2018 Physical Review C Vol.97 No.6