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International comparison CCQM-K119 liquefied petroleum gas
Brewer, P J,Downey, M L,Atkins, E,Brown, R J C,Brown, A S,Zalewska, E T,van der Veen, A M H,Smeulders, D E,McCallum, J B,Satumba, R T,Kim, Y D,Kang, N,Bae, H K,Woo, J C,Konopelko, L A,Popova, T A,Mesh IOP 2018 Metrologia Vol.55 No.-
<P></P> <P>Liquefied hydrocarbon mixtures with traceable composition are required in order to underpin measurements of the composition and other physical properties of LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), thus meeting the needs of an increasingly large industrial market.</P> <P>This comparison aims to assess the analytical capabilities of laboratories for measuring the composition of a Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) mixture when sampled in the liquid phase from a Constant Pressure Cylinder. Mixtures contained ethane, propane, propene, i-butane, n-butane, but-1-ene and i-pentane with nominal amount fractions of 2, 71, 9, 4, 10, 3 and 1 cmol mol<SUP>−1</SUP> respectively.</P> <H2>Main text</H2> <P> To reach the main text of this paper, click on <A HREF='https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/final_reports/QM/K119/CCQM-K119.pdf'>Final Report</A>. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database <A HREF='http://kcdb.bipm.org/'>kcdb.bipm.org/</A>.</P> <P>The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).</P>
National utilization of rib fracture fixation in the geriatric population in the United States
Brewer Jennifer M.,Aakjar Leah,Sullivan Kelsey,Jayaraman Vijay,Moutinho Manuel,Jeremitsky Elan,Doben Andrew R. 대한외상학회 2022 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.35 No.3
Purpose: The use of surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF) has steadily increased over the past decade. Recent literature suggests that a larger population may benefit from SSRF, and that the geriatric population—as the highest-risk population—may receive the greatest improvement from these interventions. We sought to determine the overall utilization of SSRF in the United States.Methods: The National Trauma Database was analyzed between 2016 and 2017. The inclusion criteria were all patients ≥65 years old with rib fractures. We further stratified these patients according to age (65–79 vs. ≥80 years old), the presence of coding for flail chest, three or more rib fractures, and intervention (surgical vs. nonoperative management). The main outcomes were surgical interventions, mortality, pneumonia, length of stay, intensive care unit length of stay, ventilator use, and tracheostomy.Results: Overall, 93,638 patients were identified. SSRF was performed in 992 patients. Patients who underwent SSRF had improved mortality in the 65 to 79 age group, regardless of the number of ribs fractured. We identified 92,637 patients in the age group of 65 to 79 years old who did not undergo SSRF. This represents an additional 20,000 patients annually who may benefit from SSRF.Conclusions: By conservative standards and the well-established Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma clinical practice guidelines, SSRF is underutilized. Our data suggest that SSRF may be very beneficial for the geriatric population, specifically those aged 65 to 79 years with any rib fractures. We hypothesize that roughly 20,000 additional cases will meet the inclusion criteria for SSRF each year. It is therefore imperative that we train acute care surgeons in this skill set.
International comparison CCQM-K116: 10 μmol mol<sup>-1</sup> water vapour in nitrogen
Brewer, P J,Gieseking, B,Feracci, V F,Ward, M,Wijk, J van,Veen, A M H van der,Lima, A A,Augusto, C R,Oh, S H,Kim, B M,Lee, S,Konopelko, L A,Kustikov, Y,Shimosaka, T,Niederhauser, B,Guillevic, M,Pascal BUREAU INTERNATIONAL DES POIDS ET MESURES 2018 METROLOGIA -BERLIN- Vol.55 No.1
THE MASS OF THE BLACK HOLE IN Arp 151 FROM BAYESIAN MODELING OF REVERBERATION MAPPING DATA
Brewer, Brendon J.,Treu, Tommaso,Pancoast, Anna,Barth, Aaron J.,Bennert, Vardha N.,Bentz, Misty C.,Filippenko, Alexei V.,Greene, Jenny E.,Malkan, Matthew A.,Woo, Jong-Hak IOP Publishing 2011 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.733 No.2
<P>Supermassive black holes are believed to be ubiquitous at the centers of galaxies. Measuring their masses is extremely challenging yet essential for understanding their role in the formation and evolution of cosmic structure. We present a direct measurement of the mass of a black hole in an active galactic nucleus (Arp 151) based on the motion of the gas responsible for the broad emission lines. By analyzing and modeling spectroscopic and photometric time series, we find that the gas is well described by a disk or torus with an average radius of 3.99 +/- 1.25 light days and an opening angle of 68.9(-17.2)(+21.4) deg, viewed at an inclination angle of 67.8 +/- 7.8 deg (that is, closer to face-on than edge-on). The black hole mass is inferred to be 10(6.51 +/- 0.28) M-circle dot. The method is fully general and can be used to determine the masses of black holes at arbitrary distances, enabling studies of their evolution over cosmic time.</P>
Jennifer M. Brewer,Owen P. Karsmarski,Jeremy Fridling,T. Russell Hill,Chasen J. Greig,Sarah E. Posillico,Carol McGuiness,Erin McLaughlin,Stephanie C. Montgomery,Manuel Moutinho,Ronald Gross,Evert A. E The Korean Society of Traumatology 2024 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.37 No.1
Purpose: Research on rib fracture management has exponentially increased. Predicting fracture patterns based on the mechanism of injury (MOI) and other possible correlations may improve resource allocation and injury prevention strategies. The Chest Injury International Database (CIID) is the largest prospective repository of the operative and nonoperative management of patients with severe chest wall trauma. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the MOI is associated with the resulting rib fracture patterns. We hypothesized that specific MOIs would be associated with distinct rib fracture patterns. Methods: The CIID was queried to analyze fracture patterns based on the MOI. Patients were stratified by MOI: falls, motor vehicle collisions (MVCs), motorcycle collisions (MCCs), automobile-pedestrian collisions, and bicycle collisions. Fracture locations, associated injuries, and patient-specific variables were recorded. Heat maps were created to display the fracture incidence by rib location. Results: The study cohort consisted of 1,121 patients with a median RibScore of 2 (range, 0-3) and 9,353 fractures. The average age was 57±20 years, and 64% of patients were male. By MOI, the number of patients and fractures were as follows: falls (474 patients, 3,360 fractures), MVCs (353 patients, 3,268 fractures), MCCs (165 patients, 1,505 fractures), automobile-pedestrian collisions (70 patients, 713 fractures), and bicycle collisions (59 patients, 507 fractures). The most commonly injured rib was the sixth rib, and the most common fracture location was lateral. Statistically significant differences in the location and patterns of fractures were identified comparing each MOI, except for MCCs versus bicycle collisions. Conclusions: Different mechanisms of injury result in distinct rib fracture patterns. These different patterns should be considered in the workup and management of patients with thoracic injuries. Given these significant differences, future studies should account for both fracture location and the MOI to better define what populations benefit from surgical versus nonoperative management.
SELECTED PROBLEMS IN KOREAN ENGLISH
John C. Brewer 안양대학교 인문과학연구소 1998 人文科學硏究 Vol.5 No.-
Koreans, coming from a common linguistic, educational and cultural background, demonstrate common and recurring problems in their use of English. This paper briefly discusses some of the linguistic, cultural and educational causes of Koreans' difficulties in communicating effectively in English. Some problems are so deeply rooted in cultural or linguistic differences, or in the fossilization of acquired incorrect usage, that little progress is likely to be made in correcting them in the normal context of English education currently conducted within Korea. Other problems, however, can be readily understood by learners and corrected with proper instruction and practice. After discussing some of the general causes, this paper analyzes eleven selected problems in the use of both written and spoken English observed in a Korean university setting over a period of time. The problems are selected based on frequency of occurrence, typicality and practicality of successful correction. Within the analysis of the selected problems, correct usage and learning strategies will be suggested.