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Brant, Jacilynn A.,Clark, Daniel J.,Kim, Yong Soo,Jang, Joon I.,Weiland, Ashley,Aitken, Jennifer A. American Chemical Society 2015 Inorganic Chemistry Vol.54 No.6
<P>The new Li<SUB>2</SUB>MnGeS<SUB>4</SUB> and Li<SUB>2</SUB>CoSnS<SUB>4</SUB> compounds result from employing a rational and simple design strategy that guides the discovery of diamond-like semiconductors (DLSs) with wide regions of optical transparency, high laser damage threshold, and efficient second-order optical nonlinearity. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was used to solve and refine the crystal structures of Li<SUB>2</SUB>MnGeS<SUB>4</SUB> and Li<SUB>2</SUB>CoSnS<SUB>4</SUB>, which crystallize in the noncentrosymmetric space groups <I>Pna</I>2<SUB>1</SUB> and <I>Pn</I>, respectively. Synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction (SXRPD) was used to assess the phase purity, and diffuse reflectance UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy was used to estimate the bandgaps of Li<SUB>2</SUB>MnGeS<SUB>4</SUB> (<I>E</I><SUB>g</SUB> = 3.069(3) eV) and Li<SUB>2</SUB>CoSnS<SUB>4</SUB> (<I>E</I><SUB>g</SUB> = 2.421(3) eV). In comparison with Li<SUB>2</SUB>FeGeS<SUB>4</SUB>, Li<SUB>2</SUB>FeSnS<SUB>4</SUB>, and Li<SUB>2</SUB>CoSnS<SUB>4</SUB> DLSs, Li<SUB>2</SUB>MnGeS<SUB>4</SUB> exhibits the widest region of optical transparency (0.60–25 μm) and phase matchability (≥1.6 μm). All four of the DLSs exhibit second-harmonic generation and are compared with the benchmark NLO material, AgGaSe<SUB>2</SUB>. Most remarkably, Li<SUB>2</SUB>MnGeS<SUB>4</SUB> does not undergo two- or three-photon absorption upon exposure to a fundamental Nd:YAG beam (λ = 1.064 μm) and exhibits a laser damage threshold > 16 GW/cm<SUP>2</SUP>.</P><P>New nonlinear optical (NLO) materials, Li<SUB>2</SUB>MnGeS<SUB>4</SUB> and Li<SUB>2</SUB>CoSnS<SUB>4</SUB>, are obtained using a steadfast design strategy for diamond-like semiconductors. Li<SUB>2</SUB>MnGeS<SUB>4</SUB> is the most promising NLO material for high-powered applications that use infrared radiation in comparison to Li<SUB>2</SUB>CoSnS<SUB>4</SUB>, Li<SUB>2</SUB>FeGeS<SUB>4</SUB>, and Li<SUB>2</SUB>FeSnS<SUB>4</SUB>. Li<SUB>2</SUB>MnGeS<SUB>4</SUB> exhibits second-harmonic generation (χ<SUP>(2)</SUP> = 15 pm/V), wide phase matchability (λ ≥ 1.6 μm), and a wide window of optical clarity (λ = 0.7−24 μm). Most remarkably, the laser damage threshold of Li<SUB>2</SUB>MnGeS<SUB>4</SUB> is > 16 GW/cm<SUP>2</SUP>.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/inocaj/2015/inocaj.2015.54.issue-6/ic502981r/production/images/medium/ic-2014-02981r_0011.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ic502981r'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Brant, Jacilynn A.,Clark, Daniel J.,Kim, Yong Soo,Jang, Joon I.,Zhang, Jian-Han,Aitken, Jennifer A. American Chemical Society 2014 Chemistry of materials Vol.26 No.10
<P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/cmatex/2014/cmatex.2014.26.issue-10/cm501029s/production/images/medium/cm-2014-01029s_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/cm501029s'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Secondary School Education in England: The Business and Ecoonmics Curriculum Examined
Jack Brant 한국경제교육학회 2007 경제교육연구 Vol.14 No.1
글은 영국에서 경제교육과정과 상업교육과정의 성립과정을 분석하는데 정부의 정책이 변화의 결정적 요인이었음을 밝힌다. 정부는 어떤 연령의 얼마나 많은 학생이 어떤 교과목을 선택할지, 또 교육과정의 특징이나 방향은 물론이고 교수학습방법까지도 결정할 정도로 큰 영향력을 가지고 있다.경제와 상업과목의 경우에도 정부의 영향력이 매우 크게 작용하였다. 1980년대에 경제와 상업과목을 국가교육과정에서 제외했을 때 경제와 상업과목은 크게 위축되었다. 그러나 grammar school과 secondary modern school의 분리를 넘어서기 위하여 comprehensive school의 확대 정책을 실시하고 GCSE에서 상업과 경제과목의 확대를 유도하자 학교에서 경제와 상업과목의 비중이 점점 커지게 되었다. 특히 1990년대부터 경제와 상업과목의 비중이 커져서 A레벨 시험으로까지 발전하게 되었다.
독성학 요약(Toxicology Brief) 초코렛 중독(Chocolate intoxication)
Sharon Gwaltney-Brant 대한수의사회 2001 대한수의사회지 Vol.37 No.11
반려동물(Pets)들은 캔디(Candies), 케이크(Cakes), 쿠키(Cookies), 땅콩이 박힌 초코렛과자(Brownies), 빵재료(예 : 초코렛 칩스, 분말 코코아)와 카카오 원두 덮개(Cacao beans mulches)들을 포함, 광범위하고 다양한 초코렛과 코코아 제품들에 노출되어 질 수가 있다. 놀랄것도 없이, 반려동물들에서의 대부분의 사고발생적인 초코렛에의 노출들은 공휴일들 즉, 특히 발렌타이데이(Valentine's day), 부활절(Easter), 만성제전야제(핼로윈축제, Halloween) 및 성탄절에 발생한다. 카카오콩깍지 덮개(cocoa bean hull mulches)들은 많은 개들에게 매력적이고 그것들을 파헤쳐질때 섭취되어질 수가 있다. 이러한 개들의 무차별성 습관때문에 고양이보다 훨씬 더 영향을 끼치고 있는게 일반적이다. 초코렛속에 독성화합물들은 메칠크산틴(Methylxanthines)과 특히 디오브로민(Theobromine)과 카페인(Caffeine)이다.
Rosmus, Kimberly A.,Brant, Jacilynn A.,Wisneski, Stephen D.,Clark, Daniel J.,Kim, Yong Soo,Jang, Joon I.,Brunetta, Carl D.,Zhang, Jian-Han,Srnec, Matthew N.,Aitken, Jennifer A. American Chemical Society 2014 Inorganic Chemistry Vol.53 No.15
<P>Cu<SUB>2</SUB>CdSnS<SUB>4</SUB> and α/β-Cu<SUB>2</SUB>ZnSiS<SUB>4</SUB> meet several criteria for promising nonlinear optical materials for use in the infrared (IR) region. Both are air-stable, crystallize in noncentrosymmetric space groups, and possess high thermal stabilities. Cu<SUB>2</SUB>CdSnS<SUB>4</SUB> and α/β-Cu<SUB>2</SUB>ZnSiS<SUB>4</SUB> display wide ranges of optical transparency, 1.4–25 and 0.7–25 μm, respectively, and have relatively large second-order nonlinearity as well as phase matchability for wide regions in the IR. The laser-damage threshold (LDT) for Cu<SUB>2</SUB>CdSnS<SUB>4</SUB> is 0.2 GW/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, whereas α/β-Cu<SUB>2</SUB>ZnSiS<SUB>4</SUB> has a LDT of 2.0 GW/cm<SUP>2</SUP> for picosecond near-IR excitation. Both compounds also exhibit efficient third-order nonlinearity. Electronic structure calculations provide insight into the variation in properties.</P><P>Changing Sn<SUP>4+</SUP> to Si<SUP>4+</SUP> in the I<SUB>2</SUB>−II−IV−VI<SUB>4</SUB> formula has significant effects on the characteristics critical for nonlinear optical applications. The air-stable, noncentrosymmetric, diamond-like Cu<SUB>2</SUB>CdSnS<SUB>4</SUB> and α/β-Cu<SUB>2</SUB>ZnSiS<SUB>4</SUB> exhibit significant second- and third-order nonlinearity. These materials are practical for applications because of their elevated thermal stabilities, wide optical transparency windows, broad regions of phase matchability for second harmonic generation, and high laser-damage thresholds (LDTs). The LDT of the wide-gap α/β-Cu<SUB>2</SUB>ZnSiS<SUB>4</SUB> surpasses that of commercially available materials.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/inocaj/2014/inocaj.2014.53.issue-15/ic501310d/production/images/medium/ic-2014-01310d_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ic501310d'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Need for Accurate Initial Conditions to Simulate Flexible Structures in Motion
Woo, Nelson,Ross, Brant,West, Ryan The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers 2015 대한기계학회 논문집 C. 기술과 교육 Vol.3 No.2
Flexible structures are often important components of mechanical assemblies in motion. A flexible structure sometimes must go through assembly steps that cause it to be in a pre-stressed condition when in the starting position for operation. A virtual prototype of the assembly must also bring the model of the flexible structure into the same pre-stressed condition in order to obtain accurate simulation results. This case study is presented regarding the simulation of a constant velocity joint, with a focus on the flexible boot. The case study demonstrates that careful definition of the initial conditions of the boot and flexible body contacts yields high-fidelity simulation results.
Highly efficient infrared optical nonlinearity of a wide-bandgap chalcogenide Li(2)CdGeS(4).
Jang, J I,Clark, D J,Brant, J A,Aitken, J A,Kim, Y S Optical Society of America 2014 Optics letters Vol.39 No.15
<P>A quaternary chalcogenide Li(2)CdGeS(4) is an excellent candidate for a nonlinear optical (NLO) material exhibiting wide transparency spanning from its fundamental band edge (3.15 eV) to the terahertz regime (23.5 μm). Strong optical nonlinearity of Li(2)CdGeS(4) has been investigated over a wide spectral range (λ=1.064-3.3??μm) based on second- and third-harmonic generation. The compound has a high damage threshold at λ=1.064??μm because of saturable three-photon absorption, and is phase-matchable for λ>1.5??μm with χ(2) ?50??pm/V. It also exhibits strong third-order nonlinearity of χ(3) ?10(5)?pm(2)/V(2). Li(2)CdGeS(4) is promising for high-power NLO applications in the broad infrared spectrum.</P>