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Ha, Seung Yeon,Lee, Chang Hun,Chang, Hee Kyung,Chang, Sunhee,Kwon, Kun Young,Lee, Eun Hee,Roh, Mee Sook,Seo, Boram Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2012 Histopathology Vol.60 No.5
<P>Ha S Y, Lee C H, Chang H K, Chang S, Kwon K Y, Lee E H, Roh M S & Seo B (2012) <I>Histopathology</I>?<B>60,</B> 731–739 <B>Differential expression of forkhead box M1 and its downstream cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors p27</B><SUP><B>kip1</B></SUP><B> and p21</B><SUP><B>waf1/cip1</B></SUP><B> in the diagnosis of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumours</B></P><P><B>Aims: </B> Pulmonary neuroendocrine (NE) tumours represent a spectrum of phenotypically distinct entities with different biological behaviours. Difficulties in classifying these tumours are frequently encountered in clinical practice. Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) is essential for the development of various cancers and is a proliferation‐specific transcription factor that regulates transcription of cell cycle genes, including cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors p27<SUP>kip1</SUP> and p21<SUP>waf1/cip1</SUP>. This study was performed to determine the utility of FoxM1, p27<SUP>kip1</SUP> and p21<SUP>waf1/cip1</SUP> as immunomarkers for subtyping pulmonary NE tumours.</P><P><B>Methods and results: </B> FoxM1, p27<SUP>kip1</SUP> and p21<SUP>waf1/cip1</SUP> expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 60 pulmonary NE tumours [19 typical carcinoids (TCs), six atypical carcinoids (ACs), 17 large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNECs) and 18 small cell lung cancers (SCLCs)]. The frequencies of FoxM1 and p21<SUP>waf1/cip1</SUP> expression were significantly different between TCs and ACs (each <I>P</I> = 0.009), and those of FoxM1 and p27<SUP>kip1</SUP> expression were significantly different between LCNECs and SCLCs (<I>P </I>= 0.012 and <I>P </I>= 0.002, respectively). The combined FoxM1<SUP>(−)</SUP>/p21<SUP>waf1/cip1(−)</SUP> and FoxM1<SUP>(+)</SUP>/p27<SUP>kip1(high)</SUP> phenotypes had the best diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing TCs from ACs, and SCLCs from LCNECs, respectively.</P><P><B>Conclusions: </B> FoxM1, p27<SUP>kip1</SUP> and p21<SUP>waf1/cip1</SUP> showed distinct immunoreactivity according to histological subtype, which may be of value as an ancillary test in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary NE tumours.</P>
Ha, Boram,Suh, Hyun Suk,Lee, Jihae,Lee, Kyung-Ja,Lee, Rena,Moon, Byung In The Korean Society for Radiation Oncology 2013 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.31 No.4
Purpose: To observe long-term clinical outcomes for patients with early-stage breast cancer treated with forward intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), including local control and clinical toxicities. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a total of 214 patients with stage I-II breast cancer who were treated with breast conserving surgery followed by adjuvant breast radiation therapy between 2001 and 2008. All patients were treated using forward IMRT. The whole breast was irradiated to a dose of 50 to 50.4 Gy followed by an 8 to 12 Gy electron boost to the surgical bed. Results: The median age was 46 years (range, 21 to 82 years) and the medial follow-up time was 7.3 years (range, 2.4 to 11.7 years). Stage T1 was 139 (65%) and T2 was 75 (35%), respectively. Ipsilateral breast recurrence was observed in 3 patients. The 5- and 10-year local control rates were 99.1% and 97.8%, respectively. The cosmetic outcome was evaluated according to the Harvard scale and 89.4% of patients were scored as excellent or good. Conclusion: The whole breast radiation therapy as an adjuvant treatment using a forward IMRT technique showed excellent long-term local control as well as favorable outcomes of toxicity and cosmesis.
Boram Ha,Hyun Suk Suh,Jihae Lee,Kyung-Ja Lee,Rena Lee,Byung In Moon 대한방사선종양학회 2013 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.31 No.4
Purpose: To observe long-term clinical outcomes for patients with early-stage breast cancer treated with forward intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), including local control and clinical toxicities. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a total of 214 patients with stage I–II breast cancer who were treated with breast conserving surgery followed by adjuvant breast radiation therapy between 2001 and 2008. All patients were treated using forward IMRT. The whole breast was irradiated to a dose of 50 to 50.4 Gy followed by an 8 to 12 Gy electron boost to the surgical bed. Results: The median age was 46 years (range, 21 to 82 years) and the medial follow-up time was 7.3 years (range, 2.4 to 11.7 years). Stage T1 was 139 (65%) and T2 was 75 (35%), respectively. Ipsilateral breast recurrence was observed in 3 patients. The 5- and 10-year local control rates were 99.1% and 97.8%, respectively. The cosmetic outcome was evaluated according to the Harvard scale and 89.4% of patients were scored as excellent or good. Conclusion: The whole breast radiation therapy as an adjuvant treatment using a forward IMRT technique showed excellent long-term local control as well as favorable outcomes of toxicity and cosmesis.
하보람 ( Boram Ha ),박건영 ( Kun Young Park ) 서강대학교 동아연구소 2016 東亞 硏究 Vol.35 No.1
International Relations (IR) scholar recognize Wendtian constructivism to be a major step forward because of its emphasis on ideational variables in analyzing international relations. However, the authors of this paper argue that Wendt’s characterization of shared values, ideas, and identities is underspecified. We suggest that “the 2014 Virginia decision” is an obvious case in which it loses its explanatory power as Americans in Virginia chose to support the Korean cause despite the fact that Japan rather than Korea is closer to the United States in terms of shared values, ideas, and identities. We believe that the problem derives from Wendt’s “one-size-fits-all” categorization of his conceptual variable. We suggest that, in order to rectify the lack of specificity inherent to constructivism, a distinction between different levels of the ideational variables is necessary. Utilizing this insight, we attempt to identify the contexts under which the “superordinate” values, ideas, or identities split from the “general” ones.
Kim, Ha Neul,Park, Jung Hyuk,Kim, Sun Kwang,Sun, Boram,Koo, Sungtae,Choi, Sun Mi,Bae, Hyunsu,Min, Byung-Il The Physiological Society of Japan 2008 JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Vol.58 No.5
<P>This study was performed to examine whether electroacupuncture potentiates the neostigmine-induced antiallodynia in neuropathic pain rats. Although intrathecal neostigmine (0.05, 0.1, and 0.3 μg) dose-dependently relieved cold allodynia, 0.3 μg neostigmine caused side effects. The coapplication of 0.1 μg neostigmine and electroacupuncture, however, produced potent antiallodynia, which was parallel to the effect of 0.3 μg neostigmine, without side effects. These results indicate that electroacupuncture can enhance the antiallodynic action of intrathecal neostigmine.</P>
몽골 울란바토르시 게르촌 주택의 겨울철 실내 초미세먼지(PM 2.5 ) 농도의 시간적 변이
이보람(Boram Lee),이지영(Jiyoung Lee),장예림(Yelim Jang),김윤지(Yoonjee Kim),하헌성(Hunsung Ha),이우석(Wooseok Lee),최우석(Wooseok Choe),김규성(Kyusung Kim),우철운(Cheolwoon Woo),Chimedsuren Ochir,이기영(Kiyoung Lee) 한국환경보건학회 2018 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.44 No.1
Objectives: In Mongolian housing, they use coal as a fuel for indoor heating and cooking. The combustion of coal releases particulate matter, which can affect indoor air quality. The purpose of this study was to analyze the concentrations of indoor PM 2.5 Methods: In this study, indoor PM 2.5 concentrations, temperature and humidity in houses were measured by a real-time PM monitor, while the time activity patternsof the residents were also observed. Results: The correlation between factors that may affect the indoor air quality was analyzed.The indoor PM 2.5 concentrations were 178.4±152.7 µg/m 3 (n=37). Five types of indoor PM 2.5 concentrations have been classified, which were associated with indoor activity. The stove type, fuel types and indoor activities such as cleaning, cooking and opening the stoves were not significantly associated with indoor PM 2.5 levels. Conclusions: Further study is needed to determine the effect of stove type through 24hours of indoor air quality monitoring.