단세포 나팔벌레,Stentor coeruleus의 빛에 의한 ATP 합성

Chen, B.H.,허재욱,민태진,Iwatsuki, K,송필순 동국대학교 자연과학연구소 1986 자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.6 No.-

나팔벌레의 세포내 ATP 함량은 0.5~2초동안 40W/m₂백색광을 조사함에 따라 어두운 상태의 대조구에 비하여 급격히 증가하였고, 빛을 계속하여 조사하면 세포내 ATP 함량은 단계적으로 감소하였다. 광수용체 색소 Stentorin 을 포함하고 있는 색소 미립자를 나팔벌레 완전세포로부터 분리하여 이에 ADP와 pi를 가한 혼합물에 빛을 조사하여 ATP가 생성됨을 확인하였다. 나팔벌레 완전세포와 색소미립자주으이 ATP 함량은 변량울에 (fluence rate)의존하였다. 이들 결과로 생명체는 광양자를 ATP로 전이시킬 수 있고, ATP 생성은 나팔벌레 색소미립자의 특성으로 사려된다. The cellular ATP level in Stentor coeruleus jumped above the dark control level when stimulated by 0.5-2 second light pulses (40W/m₂white light). Continued, irradiation fo the cells caused a gradual decline of the cellular ATP level. Pigment granules containing the photoreceptor pigment stentorin isolated from whole cells also exhibited a light-induced ATP synthesis. The ATP level in both whole cells and pigment granules was dependent upon the fluence rate. These results suggest that the organism is capable of tranducing light quanta into ATP and that ATP synthesis is localized in the pigment granule.

Toughening of melamine–formaldehyde foams and advanced applications based on functional design

Bing Song,Xueli Zhu,Wei Wang,Liang Wang,Xiaoyuan Pei,Xiaoming Qian,Liangsen Liu,Zhiwei Xu 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.119 No.-

Owing to the intrinsic flame-retardancy, thermal stability, sound absorption, and easy processing, melamine–formaldehyde foams(MFs) have drawn substantial attention. Typically, the high-porosity and compressibilityof flexible MFs render them suitable for the construction of 3D templates and in thefabrication of porous N-doped carbon materials. But the widespread applications of MFs still suffer highbrittleness and low strength, calling for modifying and toughening MFs with more facile and economicalmethods, and much potential in advanced applications by functional design deserves further exploration. This review comprehensively summarized and evaluated the recent progress of the toughening methodsof MFs. We will also look into the applications of commercial MFs, carbonized MFs and foam-based compositesin flame retardancy and thermal management, oil/water separation, photothermal conversion,electrical energy storage, and other fields, aiming to give a guide for the preparation, modification, andexploitation of MFs both in traditional and emerging areas.

Pollen record of the centennial climate changes during 9-7 cal ka BP in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Delta plain, China

Song, Bing,Li, Zhen,Lu, Houyuan,Mao, Limi,Saito, Yoshiki,Yi, Sangheon,Lim, Jaesoo,Li, Zhen,Lu, Anqing,Sha, Longbing,Zhou, Rui,Zuo, Xinxin,Pospelova, Vera Cambridge University Press 2017 Quaternary research Vol.87 No.2

<B>Abstract</B><P>We reconstructed the centennial climate changes for the period of 9-7 cal ka BP in the upper region of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Delta plain. A general warming and wetting trend from 8560 to 7220 cal yr BP was indicated by the decrease in <I>Quercus</I> (deciduous) and increases in <I>Quercus</I> (evergreen), <I>Pinus</I>, and Polypodiaceae spores. However, there were several brief climate fluctuations. A notable palynological change, from regional assemblages dominated by arboreal pollen to local assemblages mainly consisting of nonarboreal pollen, reflects climate fluctuations. The key indices of <I>Quercus</I> (deciduous), <I>Pinus</I>, herbs, fern spores, and palynological concentrations showed similar signs of centennial climate fluctuations. We suggest that the climate changes of the Dongge Cave and Yangtze River Delta regions were mainly affected by the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) during the period of 9-7 cal ka BP. The general warming trend may be associated with an intensified EASM, and solar activity may be one of the important factors driving the centennial climate changes. The ~8.2 ka event was also recorded in the Yangtze River Delta region, which suggests that there was a close relationship between the EASM and Greenland climate during the early Holocene.</P>

Holocene relative sea-level changes inferred from multiple proxies on the west coast of South Korea

Song, Bing,Yi, Sangheon,Yu, Shi-Yong,Nahm, Wook-Hyun,Lee, Jin-Young,Lim, Jaesoo,Kim, Jin-Cheul,Yang, Zhongyong,Han, Min,Jo, Kyoung-nam,Saito, Yoshiki Elsevier 2018 Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology Vol.496 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Understanding past relative sea-level (RSL) changes is crucial for predicting future coastal evolution, particularly within the context of accelerated melting of polar ice sheets due to global warming. RSL records are scarce in many regions along the Pacific coast. Here, we present a Holocene RSL curve for the west coast of South Korea based on detailed analyses of four sediment cores and the synthesis of existing sea-level index points without correction by tectonic, sediment compaction and other effects. Our record shows that the local sea level rose rapidly during the early Holocene and then fell gradually toward the present position during the late Holocene. An apparent sea-level highstand of ca. 1–2 m occurred 7–4 cal kyr B.P. A rapid sea-level rise of ~1.4 cm yr<SUP>−1</SUP> during the early Holocene is a manifestation of polar ice sheet decay, while the apparent mid-Holocene sea-level highstand appears to be a signal of the hydro-isostasy of the far-field continental shelf. The result was confirmed by a glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) model. Holocene RSL change on the west coast of South Korea was closely linked to global temperature and ice sheet decay, especially during the early Holocene. There is a close relationship between sea-level change in the study area and Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) decay.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A new Holocene sea-level curve with mid-Holocene highstand was reported. </LI> <LI> A similar Holocene sea level curve was reported using a GIA model. </LI> <LI> The rapid sea-level rise is a manifestation of early Holocene polar ice sheet decay. </LI> <LI> The mid-Holocene high stand sea level is a signal of hydro-isostatic effects. </LI> </UL> </P>

Pollen record of the mid- to late-Holocene centennial climate change on the East coast of South Korea and its influential factors

Song, Bing,Yi, Sangheon,Jia, Hongjuan,Nahm, Wook-Hyun,Kim, Jin-Cheul,Lim, Jaesoo,Lee, Jin-Young,Sha, Longbin,Mao, Limi,Yang, Zhongyong,Nakanishi, Toshimichi,Hong, Wan,Li, Zhen Elsevier 2018 Journal of Asian earth sciences Vol.151 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>To understand historical climate change in western Pacific coastal areas, a sediment core (SOJ-2) from the stable sedimentary environment of the Songjiho Lagoon on the east coast of South Korea was obtained for centennial-resolution palynological analysis. The ages of the SOJ-2 core is well controlled by carbon 14 dating with high-resolution accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), and the results indicated a general warm to cold climate trend from the mid-Holocene to the present, which can be divided into two different stages: a warmer stage between 6842 and 1297 cal yr BP and a colder stage from 1297 cal yr BP to the present, with fluctuations during these stages. The climate was wetter from 6842 to 6227 cal yr BP and 4520 to 1297 cal yr BP and was drier from 6227 to 4520 cal yr BP. The climate changed to cold and dry during the period from 1297–425 cal yr BP. The impact of human activity on the climate began at approximately 1297 cal yr BP and became pronounced starting in 425 cal yr BP. The general cooling trend may represent a response to decreasing solar insolation; however, the relative dryness or wetness of the climate may have been co-determined by westerlies and the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). The climate had a teleconnection with the North Atlantic region, resulting from changes in solar activity. Nevertheless, EI Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) activity played an important role in impacting the EASM changes in western Pacific coastal areas.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> There is a centennial resolution climate record from 6842 cal yr BP to present. </LI> <LI> The general cooling trend was probably triggered by decreasing solar insolation. </LI> <LI> The precipitation was co-determined by westerlies and the East Asian Summer Monsoon. </LI> <LI> The ENSO activity may be an important factor for East Asian Summer Monsoon change. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Applying Neural Networks to Model Monthly Energy Consumption of Commercial Buildings in Singapore(ICCAS2004)

Bing Dong,Siew Eang Lee,Majid Hajid Sapar,Han Song Sun 제어로봇시스템학회 2004 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2004 No.8

Implementation of 3D Human Simulation to the Design of the Design of μ-Assembly Machine

Bing Lin Zhang(장병림),Guan Wang(왕관),Dug Hee Moon(문덕희),Jun-Yeob Song(송준엽),Chang Woo Lee(이창우) 한국생산제조학회 2009 한국생산제조시스템학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.10

This paper describes a case study of applying 3D human simulation to the design of a u-assembly machine which is a micro semi-automatic machine. Two types of assembly machine are tested and compared. The purpose of our research is to find out a better design considering ergonomics through the implementation of 3D human simulation and RULA analysis. The worker's working postures are analyzed during the simulation of assembly process.

Special Transmission Gear Invalidation Analysis Coupled with Finite Element Method Based on Meshless Local Petrov-Galerkin Method

Bing Dai,J. P Shao,Xuemei Wu,Guangbin Yu,Ye Song,Ge Jianghua 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.8 No.10

Aiming at high nonlinear problem of special transmission gear invalidation analysis, provided a method which based on Meshless local Petrov-Galerkin method coupled with finite element method and method to solve fracture problem of special transmission gear. Simulation calculation has been done to non-involute beveloid gear developed by project team. Calculation result verified efficiency of the simulation method. The method has important meaning to novel gear development and research.

An Approach for Reducing Cutting Energy Consumption with Ultra-High Speed Machining of Super Alloy Inconel 718

Bing Wang,Zhan-qiang Liu,Qinghua Song,Yi Wang,iaoping Ren 한국정밀공학회 2020 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.7 No.1

High energy efficient machining is beneficial for sustainable manufacture which is an important target pursued by workshops. The paper aims to prove the feasibility for reducing cutting energy consumption with ultra-high speed machining (UHSM) of super alloy Inconel 718. Firstly, orthogonal cutting experiments of Inconel 718 are performed with a wide cutting speed range. Through analyses of chip micrographs, it is found that plastic deformation accompanied with ductile fracture contributes to serrated chip formation, while fragmented chips are produced through brittle fracture. The results demonstrate that brittle regime machining can be realized for Inconel 718 with ultra-high cutting speeds. Secondly, considering varied deformation behavior for chips with different morphologies, specific cutting energy models for HSM under varied cutting parameters are developed and verified. Then the influences of cutting speed and uncut chip thickness on cutting energy consumption during HSM are revealed. The research results demonstrate the practicability for reducing cutting energy consumption with brittle regime machining of Inconel 718. At last, the relationship between AE signals and cutting energy consumption is explored, and it proves that AE signals are applicable in monitoring cutting energy consumption. The research can provide guidance for energy saving through optimizing cutting parameters.

Effect of Treatment of In Vitro Matured Pig Oocytes with Calcium Ionophore on Monospermic Penetration In Vitro

Song, Xue-Xiong,Zhao, Xian-Mian,Han, Yi-Bing,Niwa, Koji Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.2

The present study examined whether treatment of in vitro matured pig oocytes with calcium ionophore (A23187) could prevent polyspermic penetration in vitro. When oocytes cultured for maturation for 33, 36 or 44 h were subsequently treated with $50{\mu}M$ A23187 in medium with fetal calf serum (FCS) for 1, 2 and 3 h and then cultured for 12 h without spermatozoa, virtually no activation occurred. In the absence of FCS, however, 31-42, 45-49 and 56-64% of oocytes were activated, respectively. When oocytes treated with $50 {\mu}M$ A23187 in medium with FCS for 3 h were inseminated in vitro, the penetration rates (14-57%) were lower (p<0.01) with a higher (p<0.01) incidence (35-67%) of monospermy compared with untreated oocytes (69-80% penetration and 15-17% monospermy). However, sperm penetration was completely blocked in all oocytes treated with A23187 in the absence of FCS. When oocytes matured for 33 h were treated with different concentrations of A23187 for 3 h and inseminated in vitro, the penetration rate did not change but there was an increased incidence (p<0.05) of monospermy at $10-20{\mu}M$ and $2.5-5{\mu}M$ A23187 in the presence and absence of FCS, respectively, compared with at $0{\mu}M$ A23187. With these lower concentrations of A23187, treatment of oocytes for at least 60 and 30 min in the presence and absence of FCS, respectively, was required to increase the incidence of monospermy without reducing penetration rate. These results indicate that a high concentration ($50{\mu}M$) of A23187 in medium without FCS, but not in medium with FCS, stimulated in vitro matured pig oocytes to induce parthenogenetic activation and a complete block to sperm penetration in vitro. However, treatment of oocytes with lower concentrations of A23187 ( $10-20{\mu}M$ and $2.5-5{\mu}M$) both in the presence and absence of FCS maintained sperm penetration in vitro and increased the incidence of monospermy.