Potential of inherent RGD containing silk fibroin-poly (Є-caprolactone) nanofibrous matrix for bone tissue engineering

Bhattacharjee, Promita,Kundu, Banani,Naskar, Deboki,Kim, Hae-Won,Bhattacharya, Debasis,Maiti, T. K.,Kundu, S. C. Springer 2016 Cell and tissue research Vol. No.

<P>The current study deals with the fabrication and characterization of blended nanofibrous scaffolds of tropical tasar silk fibroin of Antheraea mylitta and poly (D'-caprolactone) to act as an ideal scaffold for bone regeneration. The use of poly (D'-caprolactone) in osteogenesis is well-recognized. At the same time, the osteoconductive nature of the non-mulberry tasar fibroin is also established due to its internal integrin binding peptide RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) sequences, which enhance cellular interaction and proliferation. Considering that the materials have the required and favorable properties, the blends are formed using an equal volume ratio of fibroin (2 and 4 wt%) and poly (D'-caprolactone) solution (10 wt%) to fabricate nanofibers. The nanofibers possess an average diameter of 152 +/- 18 nm (2 % fibroin/PCL) and 175 +/- 15 nm (4 % fibroin/PCL). The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy substantiates the preservation of the secondary structure of the fibroin in the blends indicating the structural stability of the neo-matrix. With an increase in the fibroin percentage, the hydrophobicity and thermal stability of the matrices as measured from melting temperature T-m (using DSC) decrease, while the mechanical strength is improved. The blended nanofibrous scaffolds are biodegradable, and support the viability and proliferation of human osteoblast-like cells as observed through scanning electron and confocal microscopes. Alkaline phosphatase assay indicates the cell proliferation and the generation of the neo-bone matrix. Taken together, these findings illustrate that the silk-poly (D'-caprolactone) blended nanofibrous scaffolds have an excellent prospect as scaffolding material in bone tissue engineering.</P>

Effect of graphite particulate on mechanical properties of glass fibre reinforced composite

Bhattacharjee, Antara,Roy, Kanchan,Nanda, B.K. The Society for Aerospace System Engineering 2020 International Journal of Aerospace System Engineer Vol.7 No.1

The recent trend is increasing towards the usage of polymer matrix composites since they have a wide variety of applications. They have applications in the field of aircraft and space industry, sporting goods, medical devices, marine and automotive applications and also in commercial usage. The most commonly used fibre-reinforced polymer matrix composite is Glass fibre reinforced epoxy (GFRE) composite which is used in aviation, sports and automotive industries. However, the strength of GFRE composites is not adequate for structural applications. Therefore, the current research focuses on increasing the strength of GFRE composites by reinforcing with micro Graphite (Gr) particulates. The Gr used is an ultra-fine powder with particle size 250 ㎛. Gr is known to have good wear resistance, thermal conductivity and can operate at high temperatures. Gr particulates are mixed with the epoxy matrix in various weight ratios. Hand-lay technique is used for fabricating the composites. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation, compressive strength and flexural strength are obtained experimentally to study the effect of change in Gr content (0-5 wt. %). The tests were done as per ASTM standards.

Multichannel Convolution Neural Network Classification for the Detection of Histological Pattern in Prostate Biopsy Images

Bhattacharjee, Subrata,Prakash, Deekshitha,Kim, Cho-Hee,Choi, Heung-Kook Korea Multimedia Society 2020 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.23 No.12

The analysis of digital microscopy images plays a vital role in computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) and prognosis. The main purpose of this paper is to develop a machine learning technique to predict the histological grades in prostate biopsy. To perform a multiclass classification, an AI-based deep learning algorithm, a multichannel convolutional neural network (MCCNN) was developed by connecting layers with artificial neurons inspired by the human brain system. The histological grades that were used for the analysis are benign, grade 3, grade 4, and grade 5. The proposed approach aims to classify multiple patterns of images extracted from the whole slide image (WSI) of a prostate biopsy based on the Gleason grading system. The Multichannel Convolution Neural Network (MCCNN) model takes three input channels (Red, Green, and Blue) to extract the computational features from each channel and concatenate them for multiclass classification. Stain normalization was carried out for each histological grade to standardize the intensity and contrast level in the image. The proposed model has been trained, validated, and tested with the histopathological images and has achieved an average accuracy of 96.4%, 94.6%, and 95.1%, respectively.

High strength and formable Mg-6.2Zn-0.5Zr-0.2Ca alloy sheet processed by twin roll casting

Bhattacharjee, T.,Suh, B.C.,Sasaki, T.T.,Ohkubo, T.,Kim, N.J.,Hono, K. Elsevier Sequoia 2014 Materials science & engineering. properties, micro Vol.609 No.-

Twin roll cast and hot rolled Mg-6.2wt%Zn alloys microalloyed with Zr, Ca, and Ag show tensile yield strength exceeding 300MPa in the T6 (peak-aged) condition with reasonable formability in the T4 condition. The addition of Zr and Ca plays a critical role in the development of weak textured recrystallized microstructure in Mg-6.2wt%Zn alloys so Mg-6.2Zn-0.5Zr-0.2Ca (wt%) alloy shows equivalent mechanical properties with Mg-6.2Zn-0.5Zr-0.2Ca-0.4Ag (wt%) alloy even without expensive Ag.

Low algal diversity systems are a promising method for biodiesel production in wastewater fed open reactors

Bhattacharjee, Meenakshi,Siemann, Evan The Korean Society of Phycology 2015 ALGAE Vol.30 No.1

Planktivorous fish which limit zooplankton grazing have been predicted to increase algal biodiesel production in wastewater fed open reactors. In addition, tanks with higher algal diversity have been predicted to be more stable, more productive, and to more fully remove nutrients from wastewater. To test these predictions, we conducted a 14-week experiment in Houston, TX using twelve 2,270-L open tanks continuously supplied with wastewater. Tanks received algal composition (monocultures or diverse assemblage) and trophic (fish or no fish) treatments in a full-factorial design. Monocultures produced more algal and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) mass than diverse tanks. More than 80% of lipids were converted to FAME indicating potentially high production for conversion to biodiesel (up to $0.9T\;ha^{-1}y^{-1}$). Prolific algal growth lowered temperature and levels of total dissolved solids in the tanks and increased pH and dissolved oxygen compared to supply water. Algae in the tanks removed 91% of nitrate-N and 53% of phosphorus from wastewater. Monocultures were not invaded by other algal species. Fish did not affect any variables. Our results indicated that algae can be grown in open tank bioreactors using wastewater as a nutrient source. The stable productivity of monocultures suggests that this may be a viable production method to procure algal biomass for biodiesel production.

Chemogenomics Profiling of Drug Targets of Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis Pathway in Leptospira interrogans by Virtual Screening Approaches

( Bhattacharjee Biplab ),( Rose Mary Simon ),( Chaithra Gangadharaiah ),( Prashantha Karunakar ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.6

Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis of global concern caused by Leptospira interrogans. The availability of ligand libraries has facilitated the search for novel drug targets using chemogenomics approaches, compared with the traditional method of drug discovery, which is time consuming and yields few leads with little intracellular information for guiding target selection. Recent subtractive genomics studies have revealed the putative drug targets in peptidoglycan biosynthesis pathways in Leptospira interrogans. Aligand library for the murD ligase enzyme in the peptidoglycan pathway has also been identified. Our approach in this research involves screening of the pre-existing ligand library of murD with related protein family members in the putative drug target assembly in the peptidoglycan biosynthesis pathway. A chemogenomics approach has been implemented here, which involves screening of known ligands of a protein family having analogous domain architecture for identification of leads for existing druggable protein family members. By means of this approach, one murC and one murF inhibitor were identified, providing a platform for developing an antileptospirosis drug targeting the peptidoglycan biosynthesis pathway. Given that the peptidoglycan biosynthesis pathway is exclusive to bacteria, the in silico identified mur ligase inhibitors are expected to be broad-spectrum Gram-negative inhibitors if synthesized and tested in in vitro and in vivo assays.

The homeless of urban India under COVID‐19 lockdown: Rethinking their rights and the role of public policy

Bhattacharjee Sujayita 한국사회복지학회 2023 Asian Social Work and Policy Review Vol.17 No.3

Homelessness comes with a slew of challenges and a never‐ending struggle for survival. This study examines the impact of the pandemic and lockdown on the homeless population of urban India. The study reflects on the experiences of the homeless in the major cities of India during the first wave of the pandemic as well as explores the aspect of their rights and the role of government policy in this regard. The methodology of the study is qualitative in nature, where secondary data collected from various sources such as news articles, blogs, books, journals, and reports are put to analysis for deriving the findings. The study reveals the sufferings of the homeless in the cities of Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Bengaluru, and Chennai. Their fight is not merely with the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus but also with hunger, unemployment, and neglect faced by them. The study highlights the fact that their rights are being compromised due to drawbacks relating to policy implementation. The study concludes with certain suggestions such as, addressing the loopholes in policy implementations and creating sustainable livelihood opportunities.

Identification of Proapoptopic, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Proliferative, Anti-Invasive and Anti-Angiogenic Targets of Essential Oils in Cardamom by Dual Reverse Virtual Screening and Binding Pose Analysis

Bhattacharjee, Biplab,Chatterjee, Jhinuk Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.6

Background: Cardamom (Elettaria cardamom), also known as "Queen of Spices", has been traditionally used as a culinary ingredient due to its pleasant aroma and taste. In addition to this role, studies on cardamom have demonstrated cancer chemopreventive potential in in vitro and in vivo systems. Nevertheless, the precise poly-pharmacological nature of naturally occurring chemo-preventive compounds in cardamom has still not been fully demystified. Methods:In this study, an effort has been made to identify the proapoptopic, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, anti-invasive and anti-angiogenic targets of Cardamom's bioactive principles (eucalyptol, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, d-limonene and geraniol) by employing a dual reverse virtual screening protocol. Experimentally proven target information of the bioactive principles was annotated from bioassay databases and compared with the virtually screened set of targets to evaluate the reliability of the computational identification. To study the molecular interaction pattern of the anti-tumor action, molecular docking simulation was performed with Auto Dock Pyrx. Interaction studies of binding pose of eucalyptol with Caspase 3 were conducted to obtain an insight into the interacting amino acids and their inter-molecular bondings. Results:A prioritized list of target proteins associated with multiple forms of cancer and ranked by their Fit Score (Pharm Mapper) and descending 3D score (Reverse Screen 3D) were obtained from the two independent inverse screening platforms. Molecular docking studies exploring the bioactive principle targeted action revealed that H- bonds and electrostatic interactions forms the chief contributing factor in inter-molecular interactions associated with anti-tumor activity. Eucalyptol binds to the Caspase 3 with a specific framework that is well-suited for nucleophilic attacks by polar residues inside the Caspase 3 catalytic site. Conclusion:This study revealed vital information about the poly-pharmacological anti-tumor mode-of-action of essential oils in cardamom. In addition, a probabilistic set of anti-tumor targets for cardamom was generated, which can be further confirmed by in vivo and in vitro experiments.

Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks: Synthesis, Functionalization, and Catalytic/Adsorption Applications

Bhattacharjee, S.,Jang, M. S.,Kwon, H. J.,Ahn, W. S. Springer Science + Business Media 2014 CATALYSIS SURVEYS FROM ASIA Vol.18 No.4

Fundamentals of Particle Fouling in Membrane Processes

Bhattacharjee Subir,Hong Seungkwan The Membrane Society of Korea 2005 Korean Membrane Journal Vol.7 No.1

The permeate flux decline due to membrane fouling can be addressed using a variety of theoretical stand-points. Judicious selection of an appropriate theory is a key toward successful prediction of the permeate flux. The essential criterion f3r such a decision appears to be a detailed characterization of the feed solution and membrane properties. Modem theories are capable of accurately predicting several properties of colloidal systems that are important in membrane separation processes from fundamental information pertaining to the particle size, charge, and solution ionic strength. Based on such information, it is relatively straight-forward to determine the properties of the concentrated colloidal dispersion in a polarized layer or the cake layer properties. Incorporation of such information in the framework of the standard theories of membrane filtration, namely, the convective diffusion equation coupled with an appropriate permeate transport model, can lead to reasonably accurate prediction of the permeate flux due to colloidal fouling. The schematic of the essential approach has been delineated in Figure 5. The modern approaches based on appropriate cell models appear to predict the permeate flux behavior in crossflow membrane filtration processes quite accurately without invoking novel theoretical descriptions of particle back transport mechanisms or depending on adjust-able parameters. Such agreements have been observed for a wide range of particle size ranging from small proteins like BSA (diameter ${\~}$6 nm) to latex suspensions (diameter ${\~}1\;{\mu}m$). There we, however, several areas that need further exploration. Some of these include: 1) A clear mechanistic description of the cake formation mechanisms that clearly identifies the disorder to order transition point in different colloidal systems. 2) Determining the structure of a cake layer based on the interparticle and hydrodynamic interactions instead of assuming a fixed geometrical structure on the basis of cell models. 3) Performing well controlled experiments where the cake deposition mechanism can be observed for small colloidal particles (< $1\;{\mu}m$). 4) A clear mechanistic description of the critical operating conditions (for instance, critical pressure) which can minimize the propensity of colloidal membrane fluting. 5) Developing theoretical approaches to account for polydisperse systems that can render the models capable of handing realistic feed solutions typically encountered in diverse applications of membrane filtration.