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The potential applications of site‑directed mutagenesis for crop improvement: a review
Bezie Yilkal,Tilahun Tadesse,Atnaf Mulugeta,Mengistie Taye5 한국작물학회 2021 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.24 No.3
The search for technologies for crop improvement has been a continuous practice to address the food insecurity to the growing human population with an ever-decreasing arable land and dynamic climate change around the world. Considering the potential technologies for crop improvement could close the rooms of poverty in developing countries in particular and around the globe at large. This review aimed to assess the site-directed mutation creation methods and show the potential tools for future crop improvement programs. Site-directed mutagenesis was found to be an efcient process to create targeted mutation on cereal crops, horticultural crops, oilseed crops, and others. Agronomic traits such as yield, quality, and stress tolerance have been improved using site-directed mutagenesis. Besides, selectable marker elimination was also reported from transgenic crops by targeted mutation. Most of the reports on site-directed mutagenesis is focusing on cereal crops (58.339%) followed by horticultural crops (22.92%). Among the four mutagenic tools that have been reported, the CRISPR/ Ca9 technology was found to be frequently used (66.67%) followed by TALENs. This tool is potential, since it is efcient in creating targeted mutagenesis and less likely of-target efect, so it is repeatedly used in diferent research works. TALENs were used usually to knockout genes with bad traits. Moreover, the mutation created by mutagenic tools was found to be efcient, and the mutated traits proved to be heritable to generations. Hence, site-directed mutagenesis by the CRISPR/Cas9 system is advisable for agricultural development, thereby ensuring food sustainability around the world.