Cutting performance and wear mechanisms of TiAlN PVD-coated cemented carbide tool in high speed turning of Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr alloy

Baolin Wang,Anhai Li,Gaihua Liu 대한기계학회 2020 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.34 No.7

The high-speed finish turning tests of Ti-17 titanium alloy (Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr) were carried out by using PVD cemented carbide tools with TiAlN coating. The machinability behaviors in terms of cutting forces, cutting temperatures, surface roughness, and tool service life were measured and evaluated under different machining parameter conditions, and the empirical prediction model of these variables were established depending on the cutting parameters. Incorporating the measured results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), the initial tool wear patterns and the eventual wear patterns when the tool wear states meet the failure criteria were comparably investigated and analyzed. It was found that during the initial wear stage, the sticking wear zone and the sliding wear zone can be distinguished on the tool wear interface. The main wear patterns of are peeling off of coating material, crater wear of rake face, edge breakage and edge wear of tool tip after reaching the tool failure rejection criterion. The cutting tool wear mechanisms were systematically studied, and the results show that the wear mechanisms of a TiAlN PVD-coated carbide cutting tool in turning Ti-17 titanium alloy were dominated by the interaction wear effect among the adhesion, oxidation and diffusion between cemented carbide substrate and workpiece material.

TOWARD A PRACTICAL INSIGHT INTO AVATAR CUSTOMER JOURNEY DESIGN IN THE METAVERSE TOURISM WORLD

Baolin Deng,Ipkin Anthony Wong,Hongbo Liu 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2023 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2023 No.07

Metaverse tourism is blurring the boundaries between the virtual and physical worlds. Among the core technologies in the metaverse world (e.g., Avatar, Virtual reality, Augmented reality, NFTs, etc.), the avatar has the potential power to revolutionise customer experience. Destination management organisation (DMO) can boost customers’ immersion through effective avatar customer journey design (ACJD) in the metaverse world. Yet, there is a lack understanding of how practitioners view an effective ACJD in the metaverse world. This study aims to explore the role of avatars on customer journey design in a metaverse tourism program (e.g., Dunhuang) from practitioners’ perspectives through a qualitative study. This study advances theoretical understanding about metaverse tourism in the tourism literature, and provides important implications for tourism industry on how to design tourist experiences in metaverse tourism.

A large-scale test of reinforced soil railway embankment with soilbag facing under dynamic loading

Liu, Huabei,Yang, Guangqing,Wang, He,Xiong, Baolin Techno-Press 2017 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.12 No.4

Geosynthetic reinforced soil retaining walls can be employed as railway embankments to carry large static and dynamic train loads, but very few studies can be found in the literature that investigate their dynamic behavior under simulated wheel loading. A large-scale dynamic test on a reinforced soil railway embankment was therefore carried out. The model embankment was 1.65 meter high and designed to have a soilbag facing. It was reinforced with HDPE geogrid layers at a vertical spacing of 0.3 m and a length of 2 m. The dynamic test consisted of 1.2 million cycles of harmonic dynamic loading with three different load levels and four different exciting frequencies. Before the dynamic loading test, a static test was also carried out to understand the general behavior of the embankment behavior. The study indicated the importance of loading frequency on the dynamic response of reinforced soil railway embankment. It also showed that toe resistance played a significant role in the dynamic behavior of the embankment. Some limitations of the test were also discussed.

The Second-order Scattering of the Interaction of Pd Nanoparticles with Protein and Its Analytical Application

Xiaoyan Guo,Baolin He,Chuntao Sun,Yanxi Zhao,Tao Huang*,Kongyong Liew,Hanfan Liu 대한화학회 2007 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.28 No.10

The second-order scattering (SOS) phenomenon of the interaction of Pd nanoparticles with protein was reported and a simple, sensitive, palladium nanoparticle-based assay for trace amount of protein with SOS technique was developed. The SOS intensities were significantly enhanced due to the interaction of Pd nanoparticles with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or human serum albumin (HSA) at pH 3.5 or 4.0, respectively. The maximum SOS peak appeared at 260/520 nm (lex/lem). The optimal experiment conditions, affecting factors and the influence of some coexisting substances were checked. The SOS intensity increased proportionally with the increase of Pd concentration below 3.0?´?10-5 molL-1, while declined gradually above 4.0 ´ 10-5 molL-1. BSA within the range of 0.01-2.6 mgmL-1 and HSA of 0.01-1.7 mgmL-1 can be detected with this method and the detection limits were 2.3 and 11.2 ngmL-1, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the quantitative detection of total protein content in human serum samples with the maximum relative standard deviation (RSD) lower than 2.6% and the recoveries over the range of 99.5-100.5%.

Adaptive Neural Network Model-based Event-triggered Attitude Tracking Control for Spacecraft

Hongyi Xie,Baolin Wu,Weixing Liu 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2021 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.19 No.1

This article investigates the problem of attitude tracking control for spacecraft with limited communication, unknown system parameters, and external disturbances. An adaptive control scheme with an event-triggeredmechanism (ETM) is proposed to alleviate the communication burden. Radial Basis Function Neural Network(RBFNN) estimation model is developed to provide the input signals for the control module in this control scheme. Estimated attitude information of the spacecraft generated from the estimation model will only be transmitted tothe control module at the instants when the ETM is violated. The neural network (NN) and the estimation modelwill be updated complying with an adaptive algorithm at the discrete triggering instants. It’s substantiated that allthe errors of attitude tracking converge towards corresponding residuals and there are no accumulated triggeringinstants. Numerical simulation also demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed control method.

Geochemical characteristics of sediments from East Dongting Lake and their implications for provenance and weathering

Yi Yuan,Baolin Liu,Hao Liu 한국지질과학협의회 2022 Geosciences Journal Vol.26 No.3

Dongting Lake is the second-largest freshwater lake in China. To better understand the geochemical characteristics of the sediment in different seasons and identify the possible provenance, 44 sediment samples collected from East Dongting Lake (ED Lake) in summer (ED-S) and winter (ED-W) were used for elemental geochemical analysis. Geochemically, the sediment samples are classified as shale, and the chondrite normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns of the ED-S and ED-W have light REE (LREE) enriched, flat heavy REE (HREE) patterns with a negative Eu anomaly. In the present study, the correlations between certain elements show that the variations in ΣREE contents in sediments may be due to the concentrations of heavy minerals like monazite, whereas grain size is not responsible for that variations. Chemical index of alteration (CIA), plagioclase index of alteration (PIA) values, A-CN-K diagram, and Th/U ratios of the ED-S and ED-W sediment indicate a moderate to high intensity of chemical weathering in the source area. The Al2O3/TiO2 ratio, discriminant function diagram, REE patterns, and elemental ratios indicate the contribution of sediments from felsic and intermediate source rocks. The provenance index (PI) based on REEs geochemical parameters suggest that elemental compositions of sediment in East Dongting Lake approach the Upper Yangtze River.

Application of advanced spectral-ratio radon background correction in the UAV-borne gamma-ray spectrometry

Xia Jigen,Song Baolin,Gu Yi,Li Zhiqiang,Xu Jie,Ge Liangquan,Zhang Qingxian,Zeng Guoqiang,Liu Qiushi,Yang Xiaofeng 한국원자력학회 2023 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.55 No.8

The influence of the atmospheric radon background on the airborne gamma spectrum can seriously affect researchers’ judgement of ground radiation information. However, due to load and endurance, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-borne gamma-ray spectrometry is difficulty installing upward-looking detectors to monitor atmospheric radon background. In this paper, an advanced spectral-ratio method was used to correct the atmospheric radon background for a UAV-borne gamma-ray spectrometry in Inner Mongolia, China. By correcting atmospheric radon background, the ratio of the average count rate of U window in the anomalous radon zone (S5) to that in other survey zone decreased from 1.91 to 1.03, and the average uranium content in S5 decreased from 4.65 mg/kg to 3.37 mg/kg. The results show that the advanced spectral-ratio method efficiently eliminated the influence of the atmospheric radon background on the UAV-borne gamma-ray spectrometry to accurately obtain ground radiation information in uranium exploration. It can also be used for uranium tailings monitoring, and environmental radiation background surveys

The Second-order Scattering of the Interaction of Pd Nanoparticles with Protein and Its Analytical Application

Guo, Xiaoyan,He, Baolin,Sun, Chuntao,Zhao, Yanxi,Huang, Tao,Liew, Kongyong,Liu, Hanfan Korean Chemical Society 2007 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.28 No.10

The second-order scattering (SOS) phenomenon of the interaction of Pd nanoparticles with protein was reported and a simple, sensitive, palladium nanoparticle-based assay for trace amount of protein with SOS technique was developed. The SOS intensities were significantly enhanced due to the interaction of Pd nanoparticles with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or human serum albumin (HSA) at pH 3.5 or 4.0, respectively. The maximum SOS peak appeared at 260/520 nm (λex/λem). The optimal experiment conditions, affecting factors and the influence of some coexisting substances were checked. The SOS intensity increased proportionally with the increase of Pd concentration below 3.0 × 10?5 mol·L?1, while declined gradually above 4.0 × 10?5 mol·L?1. BSA within the range of 0.01-2.6 μg·mL?1 and HSA of 0.01-1.7 μg·mL?1 can be detected with this method and the detection limits were 2.3 and 11.2 ng·mL?1, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the quantitative detection of total protein content in human serum samples with the maximum relative standard deviation (RSD) lower than 2.6% and the recoveries over the range of 99.5-100.5%.

Brain Regional Homogeneity Changes in Cirrhotic Patients with or without Hepatic Encephalopathy Revealed by Multi-Frequency Bands Analysis Based on Resting-State Functional MRI

Gaoyan Zhang,Yue Cheng,Wen Shen,Baolin Liu,Lixiang Huang,Shuangshuang Xie 대한영상의학회 2018 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.19 No.3

Objective: To investigate brain regional homogeneity (ReHo) changes of multiple sub-frequency bands in cirrhotic patients with or without hepatic encephalopathy using resting-state functional MRI. Materials and Methods: This study recruited 46 cirrhotic patients without clinical hepatic encephalopathy (noHE), 38 cirrhotic patients with clinical hepatic encephalopathy (HE), and 37 healthy volunteers. ReHo differences were analyzed in slow-5 (0.010−0.027 Hz), slow-4 (0.027−0.073 Hz), and slow-3 (0.073−0.198 Hz) bands. Routine analysis of (0.010−0.080 Hz) band was used as a benchmark. Associations of abnormal ReHo values in each frequency band with neuropsychological scores and blood ammonia level were analyzed. Pattern classification analyses were conducted to determine whether ReHo differences in each band could differentiate the three groups of subjects (patients with or without hepatic encephalopathy and healthy controls). Results: Compared to routine analysis, more differences between HE and noHE were observed in slow-5 and slow-4 bands (p < 0.005, cluster > 12, overall corrected p < 0.05). Sub-frequency band analysis also showed that ReHo abnormalities were frequency-dependent (overall corrected p < 0.05). In addition, ReHo abnormalities in each sub-band were correlated with blood ammonia level and neuropsychological scores, especially in the left inferior parietal lobe (overall corrected p < 0.05 for all frequency bands). Pattern classification analysis demonstrated that ReHo differences in lower slow-5 and slow-4 bands (both p < 0.05) and higher slow-3 band could differentiate the three groups (p < 0.05). Compared to routine analysis, ReHo features in slow-4 band obtained better classification accuracy (89%). Conclusion: Cirrhotic patients showed frequency-dependent changes in ReHo. Sub-frequency band analysis is important for understanding HE and clinical monitoring.

Synthesis and Gas Adsorption Properties of Carbide-Derived Carbons from Titanium Tin Carbide

Yuanyuan Zhu,Aiguo Zhou,Jin Jia,Junjun Wang,Jiang Liu,Baolin Xing,Chuanxiang Zhang 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2016 NANO Vol.11 No.4

Here we reported the synthesis of nanoporous carbide-derived carbons (CDCs) from a new precursor, titanium tin carbides (Ti2SnC), via chlorination at 400–1100℃. At low chlorination temperature (400–500℃), as-synthesized CDCs mainly consisted of amorphous carbon and chlorides. As the chlorination temperature increased up to 600℃, chlorides disappeared, and the main composition of CDCs was amorphous carbon. At high chlorination temperature, there was a trend of graphitization. The microstructure of CDCs was observed and characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Some graphite-like sheet structures in CDCs were found. Specific surface area (SSA) and pore volume of CDCs increased with chlorination temperature, except an abnormal decrease of the CDC chlorinated at 900℃. CDC chlorinated at 1100℃ had the largest SSA, 1580 m2 /g. In order to apply these materials as novel hydrogen/methane storage media in the area of energy efficient transport, gas adsorption properties of CDCs were measured. For CDC chlorinated at 1100℃, pore volume uptakes are 206 cm3 /g at 60 bar (25℃) for methane, and ~442 cm3 /g at 35 bar (-196℃) for hydrogen, respectively. It was suggested that CDCs from Ti2SnC are promising materials for hydrogen/ methane adsorptive storage.