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Australia`s ICT Skill base, Future Skill Needs and the Information Economy
GOUGH-WATSON, JANET BANCROFT,MILLS, PAUL 이화여자대학교 국제통상협력연구소 2002 Jounal of APEC Studies Vol.4 No.1
Australia's use of Information Communication Technology (ICT) is extensive and Australia views its ICT industries as key enabling in-dustries as well as being important in their own right in terms of employment and income generation. Australia has therefore mark-edly increased its supply of ICT skills through university level and vocational education and training courses as well as through migra-tion in recent years. ICT employment is expected to continue to grow rapidly in the period ahead, notwithstanding the effects of the dot.com impolsion.
( Pritsana Sawutdeechaikul ),( Felipe Cia ),( Gregory J. Bancroft ),( Supason Wanichwecharungruang ),( Chutamath Sittplangkoo ),( Tanapat Palaga ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2019 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.29 No.3
Subunit vaccines are safer and more stable than live vaccines although they have the disadvantage of eliciting poor immune response. To develop a subunit vaccine, an effective delivery system targeting the key elements of the protective immune response is a prerequisite. In this study, oxidized carbon nanospheres (OCNs) were used as a subunit vaccine delivery system and tuberculosis (TB) was chosen as a model disease. TB is among the deadliest infectious diseases worldwide and an effective vaccine is urgently needed. The ability of OCNs to deliver recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) proteins, Ag85B and HspX, into bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) and dendritic cells (BMDCs) was investigated. For immunization, OCNs were mixed with the two TB antigens as well as the adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL). The protective efficacy was analyzed in vaccinated mice by aerosol Mtb challenge with a virulent strain of Mtb and the bacterial burdens were measured. The results showed that OCNs are highly effective in delivering Mtb proteins into the cytosol of BMDMs and BMDCs. Upon immunization, this vaccine formula induced robust Th1 immune response characterized by cytokine profiles from restimulated splenocytes and specific antibody titer. More importantly, enhanced cytotoxic CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell activation was observed. However, it did not reduce the bacteria burden in the lung and spleen from the aerosol Mtb challenge. Taken together, OCNs are highly effective in delivering subunit protein vaccine and induce robust Th1 and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell response. This vaccine delivery system is suitable for application in settings where cell-mediated immune response is needed.
The genome of the mesopolyploid crop species Brassica rapa
Wang, Xiaowu,Wang, Hanzhong,Wang, Jun,Sun, Rifei,Wu, Jian,Liu, Shengyi,Bai, Yinqi,Mun, Jeong-Hwan,Bancroft, Ian,Cheng, Feng,Huang, Sanwen,Li, Xixiang,Hua, Wei,Wang, Junyi,Wang, Xiyin,Freeling, Michael Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2011 Nature genetics Vol.43 No.10
We report the annotation and analysis of the draft genome sequence of Brassica rapa accession Chiifu-401-42, a Chinese cabbage. We modeled 41,174 protein coding genes in the B. rapa genome, which has undergone genome triplication. We used Arabidopsis thaliana as an outgroup for investigating the consequences of genome triplication, such as structural and functional evolution. The extent of gene loss (fractionation) among triplicated genome segments varies, with one of the three copies consistently retaining a disproportionately large fraction of the genes expected to have been present in its ancestor. Variation in the number of members of gene families present in the genome may contribute to the remarkable morphological plasticity of Brassica species. The B. rapa genome sequence provides an important resource for studying the evolution of polyploid genomes and underpins the genetic improvement of Brassica oil and vegetable crops.
Cho, Kwangsoo,O’Neill, Carmel M.,Kwon, Soo-Jin,Yang, Tae-Jin,Smooker, Andrew M.,Fraser, Fiona,Bancroft, Ian Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 The Plant journal Vol.61 No.4
<P>Summary</P><P>We conducted a sequence-level comparative analyses, at the scale of complete bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones, between the genome of the most economically important <I>Brassica</I> species, <I>Brassica napus</I> (oilseed rape), and those of <I>Brassica rapa</I>, the genome of which is currently being sequenced, and <I>Arabidopsis thaliana</I>. We constructed a new <I>B. napus</I> BAC library and identified and sequenced clones that contain homoeologous regions of the genome including stearoyl-ACP desaturase-encoding genes. We sequenced the orthologous region of the genome of <I>B. rapa</I> and conducted comparative analyses between the <I>Brassica</I> sequences and those of the orthologous region of the genome of <I>A. thaliana</I>. The proportion of genes conserved (∼56%) is lower than has been reported previously between <I>A. thaliana</I> and <I>Brassica</I> (∼66%). The gene models for sets of conserved genes were used to determine the extent of nucleotide conservation of coding regions. This was found to be 84.2 ± 3.9% and 85.8 ± 3.7% between the <I>B. napus</I> A and C genomes, respectively, and that of <I>A. thaliana</I>, which is consistent with previous results for other <I>Brassica</I> species, and 97.5 ± 3.1% between the <I>B. napus</I> A genome and <I>B. rapa</I>, and 93.1 ± 4.9% between the <I>B. napus</I> C genome and <I>B. rapa</I>. The divergence of the <I>B. napus</I> genes from the A genome and the <I>B. rapa</I> genes was greater than anticipated and indicates that the A genome ancestor of the <I>B. napus</I> cultivar studied was relatively distantly related to the cultivar of <I>B. rapa</I> selected for genome sequencing.</P>
Smooker, A M,Wells, R,Morgan, C,Beaudoin, F,Cho, K,Fraser, F,Bancroft, I Springer 2011 TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretisch Vol.122 No.6
<P>We constructed a linkage map for the population QDH, which was derived from a cross between an oilseed rape cultivar and a resynthesised Brassica napus. The linkage map included ten markers linked to loci orthologous to those encoding fatty acid biosynthesis genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. The QDH population contains a high level of allelic variation, particularly in the C genome. We conducted quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses, using field data obtained over 3 years, for the fatty acid composition of seed oil. The population segregates for the two major loci controlling erucic acid content, on linkage groups A8 and C3, which quantitatively affect the content of other fatty acids and is a problem generally encountered when crossing 'wild' germplasm with cultivated 'double low' oilseed rape cultivars. We assessed three methods for QTL analysis, interval mapping, multiple QTL mapping and single marker regression analysis of the subset of lines with low erucic acid. We found the third of these methods to be most appropriate for our main purpose, which was the study of the genetic control of the desaturation of 18-carbon fatty acids. This method enabled us to decouple the effect of the segregation of the erucic acid-controlling loci and identify 34 QTL for fatty acid content of seed oil, 14 in the A genome and 20 in the C genome. The QTL indicate the presence of 13 loci with novel alleles inherited from the progenitors of the resynthesised B. napus that might be useful for modulating the content or extent of desaturation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, only one of which coincides with the anticipated position of a candidate gene, an orthologue of FAD2.</P>