Customized carbon composite nanomaterials for the mitigation of emerging contaminants: a review of recent trends

S. Balakumar,N. Mahesh,M. Kamaraj,T. Saranya,P. Suresh Babu,J. Aravind,Woong Kim,M. Govarthanan 한국탄소학회 2024 Carbon Letters Vol.34 No.4

Polyaniline intercalated with Ag1.2V3O8 nanorods based electrochemical sensor

Karunamoorthy Saravanakumar,Vellaichamy Balakumar,Kadarkarai Govindan,Am Jang,Giehyeon Lee,Velluchamy Muthuraj 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.91 No.-

A sensitive electrochemical based sensor was demonstrated for the determination of uric acid (UA) bypolyaniline (PANI) intercalated with Ag1.2V3O8-PANI (AgV-PANI). In this study, a simple ultrasonicationmethod has been employed to prepare AgV-PANI nanorods and the crystalline structure, surfacetopography, and elemental status of the as-synthesized nanocomposites were investigated using variousanalytical techniques. These analyses revealed the formation of a good crystalline and50 nm diameterwith length of100–300 nm AgV-PANI nanorod-like structure. Distinguishable PANI particles wereapparently placed on the Ag1.2V3O8 surface, and the surface of the nanorods was exceptionally smooth. The incorporation of PANI with Ag1.2V3O8 significantly improved the charge-transfer characteristics andenhanced the peak current in the cyclic voltammogram compared with the case of pristine Ag1.2V3O8nanorods. The lowest threshold of UA detection was observed to be 0.017 mM (S/N = 3), and the detectionrange was wide (0.1–10 mM). Moreover, the AgV-PANI-modified electrode demonstrated excellentselectivity and sensitivity towards UA detection in the existence of other biologically importantinterferents. The present study confirmed that the proposed Ag1.2V3O8-PANI based electrochemicalsensor has good reproducibility and a long shelf life (40 d).

Effect of Rosiglitazone in Sodium Arsenite-induced Experimental Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction

Tajpreet Kaur,Rajesh Kumar Goel,Pitchai Balakumar 대한약학회 2010 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.33 No.4

The present study has been designed to investigate the effect of rosiglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ agonist in sodium arsenite-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction (VED) in rats. The rats were administered sodium arsenite (1.5 mg/kg/day, i.p., 2 weeks) to induce VED. The development of VED was assessed by employing isolated aortic ring preparation and estimating serum nitrite/nitrate concentration. Further,the integrity of the aortic endothelium was assessed histologically using haematoxylin-eosin staining. Moreover, the oxidative stress was assessed by estimating serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, aortic reactive oxygen species and reduced form of glutathione. The administration of sodium arsenite produced VED by impairing acetylcholine-induced endothelium dependent relaxation, diminishing the integrity of vascular endothelium and decreasing the serum nitrite/nitrate concentration. In addition, sodium arsenite was noted to produce oxidative stress as it increased serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and aortic reactive oxygen species and consequently decreased glutathione. Treatment with rosiglitazone (3 mg/kg/day, p.o., 2 weeks and 5 mg/kg/day, p.o., 2 weeks) significantly prevented sodium arsenite-induced VED by enhancing acetylcholine-induced endothelium dependent relaxation, improving the integrity of vascular endothelium, increasing the nitrite/nitrate concentration and decreasing the oxidative stress. However, the vascular protective effect of rosiglitazone was markedly abolished by co-administration of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-Omega-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) (25 mg/kg/day, i.p., 2 weeks). Thus, it may be concluded that rosiglitazone reduces oxidative stress, activates eNOS and enhances the generation of nitric oxide to prevent sodium arsenite-induced VED in rats.

Fabrication of visible-light-active ZnCr mixed metal oxide/fly ash for photocatalytic activity toward pharmaceutical waste ciprofloxacin

Chitiphon Chuaicham,Takumi Inoue,Vellaichamy Balakumar,Quanzhi Tian,Keiko Sasaki 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.108 No.-

Visible active photocatalysts have attracted interest as a potentially efficient and sustainable approach forpollutant degradation treatment. In this work, ZnCr mixed metal oxide/fly ash (ZnCr-MMO/FA) compositeswere prepared using fly ash (FA) from China coal mining power plants to improve photocatalytic performance. The formation of the ZnCr-MMO/FA composites was proved by XRD results which showed thetwo-phases combination of FA and MMO. Also, the presence of FA in the ZnCr-MMO/FA composite provideda good arrangement of small particles of ZnCr-MMO on the surface of FA and higher light absorptionability with a lower energy bandgap compared with the pure ZnCr-MMO. The photocatalyticperformance of the prepared ZnCr-MMO and ZnCr-MMO/FA composites in different FA contents wasevaluated by degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP), which is an antibiotic and often found in pharmaceuticalwastes, under visible light irradiation. Clearly, the ZnCr-MMO/FA composites showed higher photocatalyticdecomposition of CIP than pristine ZnCr-MMO, and the highest degradation performance for CIPwas obtained from the ZnCr-MMO/FA sample with 0.5 mg FA, which has a reaction rate constant approximatelyfour times greater than that of pure ZnCr-MMO. The improved CIP degradation activity of theZnCr-MMO/FA composite might not only be due to the good arrangement of ZnCr-MMO particles onthe FA surface but also high separation and less recombination of photogenerated electrons-holes pairs,proven by the photoluminescence spectra, photocurrent density, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopyresults. The lower recombination of the charge carriers of the ZnCr-MMO/FA composite mightbe caused by the heterojunction between the ZnCr-MMO as a main photocatalyst and FA. Thus, the proposedZnCr-MMO/FA composite can be used as an effective photocatalyst for wastewater treatment,including the decomposition of organic pollutants, such as discarded pharmaceuticals.

Low velocity impact and axial loading response of hybrid fibre aluminium laminates

Sudha J.,Vasumathi M.,Archana P. V.,Balakumar M.,Jaidah Mohan 대한기계학회 2021 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.35 No.11

Fibre metal laminates (FMLs) are layered materials based on stacking arrangements of metals and fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) composite laminates. These hybrid fibre metal laminates combine the advantages of both metallic materials and the reinforced hard and strong fibrous materials. A series of low velocity impact and tensile tests were carried out on the fabricated hybrid fibre metal laminates with different orientations and stacking sequences. Aluminium metal, carbon and glass fibres were the layers used for fabricating the hybrid composites and the fabrication was done by varying the position and orientation of the laminates and as well as the stacking sequences. The effect of the different stacking sequence of the metal laminates and the fibre layers on the impact and tensile strengths of the hybrid composites are studied. The stress-strain curve analyses were carried out for tensile properties, while the force-time and energy-time curves were analysed for impact charcteristics of the developed composites.

Lacidipine self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system for the enhancement of oral bioavailability

Natesan Subramanian,Shanmugam Palaniappan Sharavanan,Ponnusamy Chandrasekar,Alagar Balakumar,Satya Priya Moulik 대한약학회 2016 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.39 No.4

Low bioavailability of Lacidipine (LD), ancalcium channel blocker pose many challenges in thetreatment of hypertension. The objective of this study wasto formulate and characterize LD self-nanoemulsifyingdrug delivery systems (SNEDDS) to improve oralbioavailability of the drug. Formulations were evaluatedfor globule size, surface morphology, emulsification time,cloud point, drug content, in vitro dissolution, ex vivopermeation, stability and oral bioavailability studies. Captex810D, TPGS, Tween-60, Transcutol P and PEG 400was selected based on the solubility study results. Theoptimized SNEDDS readily gets nanoemulsified at 37 Cwith droplet size of 41 nm when mixed with 200 times ofits water. Transmission electron microscope photographsconfirmed the spherical shape of the globules. In vitrodissolution of SNEDDS showed more than 80 % of drugrelease within 15 min. The ex vivo permeation of LD fromSNEDDS is 4.8- and 9-fold higher compared to pure drugin the absence and presence of verapamil respectively. Thestability study of the SNEDDS confirmed no environmentaleffect on the physical nature and drug content. Oralbioavailability of SNEDDS is 2.5 times higher than marketedtablet. The results suggest that, the SNEDDS formulationcan be used as a possible alternative for thetraditional oral formulations of LD to improve its oralbioavailability.

Effect of edaravone in diabetes mellitus-induced nephropathy in rats

Varatharajan, Rajavel,Lim, Li Xin,Tan, Kelly,Tay, Chai Sze,Teoh, Yi Leng,Akhtar, Shaikh Sohrab,Rupeshkumar, Mani,Chung, Ivy,Abdullah, Nor Azizan,Banik, Urmila,Dhanaraj, Sokkalingam A.,Balakumar, Pitch The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2016 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.20 No.4

Edaravone, a synthetic-free radical scavenger, has been reported to reduce ischemia-reperfusion-induced renal injury by improving tubular cell function, and lowering serum creatinine and renal vascular resistance. The present study investigated the effect of edaravone in diabetes mellitus-induced nephropathy in rats. A single administration of streptozotocin (STZ, 55 mg/kg, i .p.) was employed to induce diabetes mellitus in rats. The STZ-administered diabetic rats were allowed for 10 weeks to develop nephropathy. Mean body weight, lipid alteration, renal functional and histopathology were analysed. Diabetic rats developed nephropathy as evidenced by a significant increase in serum creatinine and urea, and marked renal histopathological abnormalities like glomerulosclerosis and tubular cell degeneration. The kidney weight to body weight ratio was increased. Moreover, diabetic rats showed lipid alteration as evidenced by a significant increase in serum triglycerides and decrease in serum high-density lipoproteins. Edaravone (10 mg/kg, i .p., last 4-weeks) treatment markedly prevented the development of nephropathy in diabetic rats by reducing serum creatinine and urea and preventing renal structural abnormalities. In addition, its treatment, without significantly altering the elevated glucose level in diabetic rats, prevented diabetes mellitus-induced lipid alteration by reducing serum triglycerides and increasing serum high-density lipoproteins. Interestingly, the renoprotective effect of edaravone was comparable to that of lisinopril (5 mg/kg, p.o, 4 weeks, standard drug). Edaravone prevented renal structural and functional abnormalities and lipid alteration associated with experimental diabetes mellitus. Edaravone has a potential to prevent nephropathy without showing an anti-diabetic action, implicating its direct renoprotection in diabetic rats.