Neuronal Activity-Dependent Regulation of MicroRNAs

심수언,Joseph Bakes,강봉균 한국분자세포생물학회 2014 Molecules and cells Vol.37 No.7

MicroRNAs are non-coding short (~23 nucleotides) RNAs that mediate post-transcriptional regulation through sequence-specific gene silencing. The role of miRNAs in neuronal development, synapse formation and synaptic plasticity has been highlighted. However, the role of neuronal activity on miRNA regulation has been less focused. Neuronal activity-dependent regulation of miRNA may fine-tune gene expression in response to synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Here, we provide an overview of miRNA regulation by neuronal activity including high-throughput screening studies. We also discuss the possible molecular mechanisms of activity-dependent induction and turnover of miRNAs.

Shank mutant mice as an animal model of autism

Yoo, Juyoun,Bakes, Joseph,Bradley, Clarrisa,Collingridge, Graham L.,Kaang, Bong-Kiun Royal Society 2014 Philosophical transactions. Biological sciences Vol.369 No.1633

<P>In this review, we focus on the role of the Shank family of proteins in autism. In recent years, autism research has been flourishing. With genetic, molecular, imaging and electrophysiological studies being supported by behavioural studies using animal models, there is real hope that we may soon understand the fundamental pathology of autism. There is also genuine potential to develop a molecular-level pharmacological treatment that may be able to deal with the most severe symptoms of autism, and clinical trials are already underway. The Shank family of proteins has been strongly implicated as a contributing factor in autism in certain individuals and sits at the core of the alleged autistic pathway. Here, we analyse studies that relate Shank to autism and discuss what light this sheds on the possible causes of autism.</P>

Neuronal Activity-Dependent Regulation of MicroRNAs

Sim, Su-Eon,Bakes, Joseph,Kaang, Bong-Kiun Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2014 Molecules and cells Vol.37 No.7

MicroRNAs are non-coding short (~23 nucleotides) RNAs that mediate post-transcriptional regulation through sequence-specific gene silencing. The role of miRNAs in neuronal development, synapse formation and synaptic plasticity has been highlighted. However, the role of neuronal activity on miRNA regulation has been less focused. Neuronal activity-dependent regulation of miRNA may finetune gene expression in response to synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Here, we provide an overview of miRNA regulation by neuronal activity including high-throughput screening studies. We also discuss the possible molecular mechanisms of activity-dependent induction and turnover of miRNAs.

Basal anxiety during an open field test is correlated with individual differences in contextually conditioned fear in mice

안소희,장은해,최준혁,이혜련,Joseph Bakes,공영윤,강봉균 한국통합생물학회 2013 Animal cells and systems Vol.17 No.3

Fear conditioning has been used to study pathogenic mechanisms underlying anxiety disorders. Several studies have shown that humans with anxiety disorders exhibit strong fear responses during the acquisition of conditioned fear. However, there have been no studies investigating whether basal anxiety within the normal range is related to conditioned fear in rodents. We hypothesized that individual differences in conditioned fear are correlated to the basal anxiety level of each individual. To test this hypothesis, we measured the basal anxiety of mice by using the elevated-plus maze (EPM) and open field test (OFT) and correlated these data with contextual freezing during contextual fear conditioning (CFC). Strong correlation was found between the basal anxiety level measured in the OFT and contextual freezing in the CFC. Baseline freezing was also strongly correlated with the contextual freezing level during the retrieval phase of CFC. However, the basal anxiety level measured in the EPM was correlated neither with conditioned fear nor with baseline freezing in the CFC. These results suggest that both basal anxiety in the OFT and baseline freezing are related to contextually conditioned fear.

Effect of Intensity of Unconditional Stimulus on Reconsolidation of Contextual Fear Memory

Chuljung Kwak,Jun-Hyeok Choi,Joseph T. Bakes,Kyungmin Lee,Bong-Kiun Kaang 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2012 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.15 No.5

Memory reconsolidation is ubiquitous across species and various memory tasks. It is a dynamic process in which memory is modified and/or updated. In experimental conditions, memory reconsolidation is usually characterized by the fact that the consolidated memory is disrupted by a combination of memory reactivation and inhibition of protein synthesis. However, under some experimental conditions, the reactivated memory is not disrupted by inhibition of protein synthesis. This so called boundary condition of reconsolidation may be related to memory strength. In Pavlovian fear conditioning, the intensity of unconditional stimulus (US) determines the strength of the fear memory. In this study, we examined the effect of the intensity of US on the reconsolidation of contextual fear memory. Strong contextual fear memory, which is conditioned with strong US, is not disrupted by inhibition of protein synthesis after its reactivation; however, a weak fear memory is often disrupted. This suggests that a US of strong intensity can inhibit reconsolidation of contextual fear memory.

Effect of Intensity of Unconditional Stimulus on Reconsolidation of Contextual Fear Memory

Chuljung Kwak,Jun-Hyeok Choi,Joseph T. Bakes,이경민,강봉균 대한약리학회 2012 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.16 No.5

Memory reconsolidation is ubiquitous across species and various memory tasks. It is a dynamic process in which memory is modified and/or updated. In experimental conditions, memory reconsolidation is usually characterized by the fact that the consolidated memory is disrupted by a combination of memory reactivation and inhibition of protein synthesis. However, under some experimental conditions, the reactivated memory is not disrupted by inhibition of protein synthesis. This so called “boundary condition” of reconsolidation may be related to memory strength. In Pavlovian fear conditioning, the intensity of unconditional stimulus (US) determines the strength of the fear memory. In this study, we examined the effect of the intensity of US on the reconsolidation of contextual fear memory. Strong contextual fear memory, which is conditioned with strong US, is not disrupted by inhibition of protein synthesis after its reactivation; however, a weak fear memory is often disrupted. This suggests that a US of strong intensity can inhibit reconsolidation of contextual fear memory.

Effect of Intensity of Unconditional Stimulus on Reconsolidation of Contextual Fear Memory

Kwak, Chul-Jung,Choi, Jun-Hyeok,Bakes, Joseph T.,Lee, Kyung-Min,Kaang, Bong-Kiun The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2012 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.16 No.5

Memory reconsolidation is ubiquitous across species and various memory tasks. It is a dynamic process in which memory is modified and/or updated. In experimental conditions, memory reconsolidation is usually characterized by the fact that the consolidated memory is disrupted by a combination of memory reactivation and inhibition of protein synthesis. However, under some experimental conditions, the reactivated memory is not disrupted by inhibition of protein synthesis. This so called "boundary condition" of reconsolidation may be related to memory strength. In Pavlovian fear conditioning, the intensity of unconditional stimulus (US) determines the strength of the fear memory. In this study, we examined the effect of the intensity of US on the reconsolidation of contextual fear memory. Strong contextual fear memory, which is conditioned with strong US, is not disrupted by inhibition of protein synthesis after its reactivation; however, a weak fear memory is often disrupted. This suggests that a US of strong intensity can inhibit reconsolidation of contextual fear memory.

Elevated RalA activity in the hippocampus of PI3Kγ knock-out mice lacking NMDAR-dependent long-term depression

( Su Eon Sim ),( Hye Ryeon Lee ),( Jae Ick Kim ),( Sun Lim Choi ),( Joseph Bakes ),( Deok Jin Jang ),( Kyung Min Lee ),( Ki Hoon Han ),( Eun Joon Kim ),( Bong Kiun Kaang ) 생화학분자생물학회 2013 BMB Reports Vol.46 No.2

Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) play key roles in synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions in the brain. We recently found that genetic deletion of PI3Kγ, the only known member of class IB PI3Ks, results in impaired N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-dependent long-term depression (NMDAR-LTD) in the hippocampus. The activity of RalA, a small GTP-binding protein, increases following NMDAR-LTD inducing stimuli, and this increase in RalA activity is essential for inducing NMDAR-LTD. We found that RalA activity increased significantly in PI3Kγ knockout mice. Furthermore, NMDAR-LTDinducing stimuli did not increase RalA activity in PI3Kγ knockout mice. These results suggest that constitutively increased RalA activity occludes further increases in RalA activity during induction of LTD, causing impaired NMDARLTD. We propose that PI3Kγ regulates the activity of RalA, which is one of the molecular mechanisms inducing NMDARdependent LTD. [BMB Reports 2013; 46(2): 103-106].

The effects of life events on the development of materialism and compulsive consumption: a life course study in the United States and Hong Kong

Andrew Bake,Kara Chan 한국마케팅과학회 2020 마케팅과학연구 Vol.30 No.1

Compulsive consumption and materialism are regarded as global phenomena that can potentially have adverse effects on consumer welfare. Recent developments in social sciences suggest that such phenomena may best be understood in the context of a consumer’s earlier-in-life experiences. This study aims to understand the effects of disruptive life events on materialism and compulsive consumption among adolescents. Using the life course paradigm, it is hypothesized that the development of these consumer orientations is influenced by life events experienced earlierin-life. Surveys of young adults in the United States and Hong Kong are used to test the measurement equivalence of the main variables, and the hypotheses are tested using structural equation modeling. Results support the mediating role of peer communication in the relationship between experienced stressful disruptive life events and the young adults’ materialism and compulsive consumption orientations, and offer insights into the divergent effects of the mediating role of tangible and intangible family resources.

중등특수교육 분야의 질적 연구 동향과 과제

백혜주 ( Hye Ju Bake ),홍정숙 ( Jeong Suk Hong ) 대구대학교 한국특수교육문제연구소 2016 특수교육저널 : 이론과 실천 Vol.17 No.1

The objective of this study is to investigate the current trends in qualitative research on secondary special education in Korea and to propose a future direction, by analyzing research papers on secondary special education published in domestic academic journals. Among research papers published in academic journals between 2005 and June 2015, 66 papers were selected for analysis. These papers were analyzed by year of publication, by journal, by research topic, and by research methodology. The analysis results showed that the outcomes of qualitative research on secondary special education began to be published in academic journals in 2005, and the publication of those papers was most active in 2012 and 2013. Among the examined journals, Research on Intellectual Disorder published the largest number of research papers. The most researched topics were, ‘inclusive education’ and ‘transition education’. Basic qualitative research was the most common type of methodology, mental disorders were examined by type of disability, and special class was examined by school class type. The number of research participants per study ranged from, six to 10 and special education teachers were most often the research. In terms of data collection, one-on-one interviews were most widely used the data collection period was five months or longer. Repetitive comparative analysis was the most common analysis method, and verification of participant identity was most commonly used to test the integrity of research results. Based on these findings, we discussed the future direction of qualitative research on secondary special education.