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      • Demonstration of monolignol β-glucosidase activity of rice Os4BGlu14, Os4BGlu16 and Os4BGlu18 in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana bglu</i>45 mutant

        Baiya, Supaporn,Mahong, Bancha,Lee, Sang-Kyu,Jeon, Jong-Seong,Ketudat Cairns, James R. Elsevier 2018 Vol. No.

        <P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The glycoside hydrolase family 1 members Os4BGlu14, Os4BGlu16, and Os4BGlu18 were proposed to be rice monolignol β-glucosidases. <I>In vitro</I> studies demonstrated that the Os4BGlu16 and Os4BGlu18 hydrolyze the monolignol glucosides coniferin and syringin with high efficiency compared to other substrates. The replacement of the conserved catalytic acid/base glutamate residue by a nonionizable glutamine residue in Os4BGlu14 suggested that it may be inactive as a β-glucosidase. Here, we investigated the activities of Os4BGlu14, Os4BGlu16, and Os4BGlu18 <I>in planta</I> by recombinant expression of their genes in the <I>Arabidopsis bglu</I>45-2 (monolignol β-glucosidase) mutant and analysis of monolignol glucosides by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MSMS). The <I>bglu</I>45-2 line exhibits elevated monolignol glucoside levels, but lower amounts of coniferin, syringin, and <I>p</I>-coumaryl alcohol glucoside were seen in <I>Arabidopsis bglu</I>45-2 rescued lines complemented by the <I>Os4BGlu14</I>, <I>Os4BGlu16</I>, and <I>Os4BGlu18</I> genes. These data suggest that the <I>bglu45-2</I> mutant has a broader effect on monolignols than previously reported and that the Os4BGlu14, Os4BGlu16 and Os4BGlu18 proteins act as monolignol β-glucosidases to complement the defect. An OsBGlu16-GFP fusion protein localized to the cell wall. This apoplastic localization and the effect of these enzymes on monolignol glucoside levels suggest monolignol glucosides from the vacuole may meet the monolignol β-glucosidases, despite their different localization.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Triple quadrapole LCMSMS was used to monitor monolignols in Arabidopsis. </LI> <LI> Arabidopsis <I>bglu</I>45-2 has higher levels of monolignol glucosides than wild type. </LI> <LI> Overexpression of Os4BGlu14, 16, and 18 in this line decreased monolignol glucosides. </LI> <LI> Os4BGlu14 complemented the <I>bglu</I>45-2 mutation, despite lacking a catalytic acid/base. </LI> <LI> Os4BGlu16-eGFP was localized to the apoplast, apart from vacuolar glycosides. </LI> </UL> </P>

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        ACCELERATED HYBRID ALGORITHMS FOR NONEXPANSIVE MAPPINGS IN HILBERT SPACES

        Suparat Baiya,Kasamsuk Ungchittrakool 경남대학교 수학교육과 2022 Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Applications Vol.27 No.3

        In this paper, we introduce and study two different iterative hybrid projection algorithms for solving a fixed point problem of nonexpansive mappings. The first algorithmis generated by the combination of the inertial method and the hybrid projection method. On the other hand, the second algorithm is constructed by the convex combination of three updated vectors and the hybrid projection method. The strong convergence of the two proposed algorithms are proved under very mild assumptions on the scalar control. For illustrating the advantages of these two newly invented algorithms, we created some numerical results to compare various numerical performances of our algorithms with the algorithm proposed by Dong and Lu [11].

      • β-Glucosidases: Multitasking, moonlighting or simply misunderstood?

        Ketudat Cairns, J.R.,Mahong, B.,Baiya, S.,Jeon, J.S. Elsevier Scientific Publishers Ireland Ltd 2015 Plant science Vol.241 No.-

        β-Glucosidases have a wide range of functions in plants, including roles in recycling of cell-wall oligosaccharides, defense, phytohormone signaling, secondary metabolism, and scent release, among others. It is not always clear which one is responsible for a specific function, as plants contain a large set of β-glucosidases. However, progress has been made in recent years in elucidating these functions. To help understand what is known and what remains ambiguous, we review the general approaches to investigating plant β-glucosidase functions. We consider information that has been gained regarding glycoside hydrolase family 1 enzyme functions utilizing these approaches in the past decade. In several cases, one enzyme has been assigned different biological functions by different research groups. We suggest that, at least in some cases, the ambiguity of an enzyme's function may come from having multiple functions that may help coordinate the response to injury or other stresses.

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