Emily Dickinson's Homosexual Orientation

Seung-Jin Baek 영미어문학회 2004 영미어문학연구 Vol.20 No.1

Seung-Jin Baek. 2004. Emily Dickinson's Homosexual Orientation. The British & American Language and Literature. 20-1. 115-128. In the Western feminist movement, the division between lesbian and heterosexual women played an important role in the development of the movement. The aim of lesbianism was to articulate connections between lesbianism and feminism and to create new and positive images. Lesbian feminists tried to challenge and supplant the oppressive stereotype which dominated public opinion. While the heterosexual feminist movement is formed in the established male-centered boundaries, lesbian feminists are primarily committed to women. That is, while heterosexual feminists try to achieve authenticity through the male-female relationship, lesbian feminists try to achieve authenticity through identifying themselves with women. Emily Dickinson participated in such relationships with women and practiced the concept of lesbian continuum throughout her life. In the poems dealing with the relationship with male sexuality, Dickinson is always hierarchically inferior to male sexuality which relegates women to sexual and family functions. The male power scorches and scathes her existence. So, Dickinson finds a way to identify and utilize specifically female power in her work and then tries to create a new consciousness which can be shared among women.

음성 인식 헬스케어 시스템

신진우,조우승,조성빈,김재훈,정지은,사예지,백경동,박동규 순천향대학교 부설 산업기술연구소 2021 순천향 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.27 No.2

As modern people's interest in health grows, wearable healthcare-related technologies that can collect biometric information and receive health-related services regardless of time and place are developing. This paper proposes the healthcare system based on voice recognition function. Unlike conventional wearable healthcare systems, the proposed system provides real-time telemedicine and diagnosis and the direct connection with doctors is possible through it. And almost all functions of the application in it are operated with voice commands to lower user access barriers. Because it deals with personal information including medical information, encryption algorithms have been applied between all data movements. Finally, the healthcare system proposed in this paper is expected to increase convenience in health care and reduce the medical gap.

대구지역의 대기오염도 특성평가(Ⅱ) : 대기질 변수의 시간별 변동을 중심으로 Hourly variations of air quality parameters

백성옥,최진수,황승만 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1996 環境硏究 Vol.16 No.1

요약문본 연구에서는 과거 7년간의 실측자료를 이용하여 대구지역 주요 대기오염물질에 대 한 대기오염도 분석 및 광화학스모그 기간중의 대기질 평가는 물론 대기오염도 해석에 지배 적인 영향을 미치는 기상자료를 이용하여 대구지역의 시정감쇄 요인분석 및 풍향, 풍속과 대기안정도를 분석하였다. 주요 대기오염물질의 일주 시간대별 농도변화는 아황산가스와 분 진의 경우 오전 8~10시경과 오후 4시경에 각각 최고, 최저농도를 나타내였고 이산화질소는 오전·오후의 교통량증가와 기상인자의 복합적인 영향으로 두차례의 최고농도를 나타냈다. 일산화탄소는 시간 환경기준치에 크게 못미치는 수준으로 동절기와 하절기의 시간별 농도변 화 양상이 서로 상이하게 나타났으며 오존은 일사량이 증가하기 시작하는 오전 10시경으로 나타났다. 또한 대구지역 오존농도의 발생빈도는 최근(1993~1994)으로 올수록 증가하는 경향 을 보였으며 오존농도와 그 영향인자와의 상관성 역시 일사량과 이산화질소가 가장 중요변 수임이 증명되었다. 최근 6년간의 기상자료를 분석한 결과 시정거리는 가을철이 월편균 17~20km 정도로 가장 좋았으며 풍향, 풍속 및 대기안정도는 서북서풍이 연중 14.0%, 2m/sec 이하의 저풍속이 전체의 36.5%, 중립조건인 D등급이 전체의 48.1%로 각각 나타나 대구지역이 대기오염의 확산에 불리한 조건임을 시사하고 있다.AbstractWith empirical data obtained for last 7 years, this study was conducted to analyze major pollutants and to evaluate the air quality of Taegu during the period of photochemical smog. In addition to this, causes of visibility reduction in Taegu, wind speed, wind direction and atmospheric stability were also analyzed. In terms of the variation of concentration for each pollutant by time during daytime, the highest concentration of SOz and partic ulates was measured at around 8~10 o'clock, and the lowest concentration of those pollutants was found at approximately 15~16 o'clock.In the case of NO;, due to the traffic and complex atmospheric conditions, the highest concentration was measured twice a day. The concentration of CO was much less than the atmospheric standard. The difference in the variation of CO concentration with respect to time was found between summer and winter. Ozone concentration increased with surging amount of insolation and the highest level of ozone was presented at between 15 and 16 o'clock with no respect to season. High concentration of ozone was observed much more requently in last 2 years (1993~1994) and it is verified that the insolation and NOz were main sources to be highly related to ozone concentration. As the result of investigation of meteorological data obtained for last 7 years, the highest visibility (17~20 km) was found in autumn as the monthly average value. As conclusion, the analyzed data-base indicated that it is difficult to spread air pollutants out of metropolitan Taegu city because of low wind speed (lower than 2 m/s), wind direction (Northwest), and atmospheric stability (D).

P2P 모델에 기반한 혼합형 파일 검색 알고리즘의 설계

백승재,안진호 京機大學校 2006 論文集 Vol.50 No.-

Recently, peer-to-peer model is more preferable to client-server model in developing file sharing systems because of desirable features of the first such as scalability, anonymity, security, fault-tolerance and so on. However, the most well-known P2P file sharing systems Napster and Gnutella result in some scalability problems, centralized control and broadcasting in file searching, respectively. To address the problems, ultrapeers and dynamic routing techniques were proposed but, cannot still avoid incurring long response times and low recall rates of rare files. This paper presents a hybrid strategy to use existing Gnutella-like techniques for locating popular files and DHT-like techniques for searching rare ones. In particular, we propose an efficient DHT algorithm to structure a node ring consisting of only ultrapeers, not all the nodes. This feature makes the algorithm more scalable than the previous DHT ones in terms of the costs of file search, node join and leave operations and the number of routing table entries each node should maintain.

대구지역의 대기오염도 특성평가(I) : 지역별 및 계절별 농도변동을 중심으로 Locational and Seasonal variations

백성옥,최진수,황승만,김광은 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1996 環境硏究 Vol.15 No.2

본 연구는 대구지방환경관리청과 유관기관 등에서 과거 7년간(1988~1994년) 측정한 대기질 관련자료중 아황산가스, 분진, 일산화탄소, 질소산화물 및 오존을 대상으로 통계분석하여 각기 배출강도가 다른 지역별 농도분포 특성을 평가하였고 대구지역의 전반적인 대기질 변화추이를 파악하였다. 그 결과 각 지점별 아황산가스의 농도는 전형적인 동고하저형을 나타내었으며, 도시가스공급과 황함량규제등 연료변환 정책의 효과로 인해 점차적으로 감소하고 있는 추세를 보이고 있다. 부유분진은 결측치가 많아 장기적인 농도변화추이를 판단하기는 어려웠으나 아황산가스와 같이 큰 계절적인 변동은 보이지 않았다. 질소산화물의 전반적인 농도분포는 장기 환경기준치 50ppb를 초과하지 않는 수준이었으나 최근엔 이동배출원의 영향이 가중되어 그 농도가 꾸준히 증가하는 추세인 반면 동고하저형의 계절적인 변동을 나타내는 일산화탄소는 가정용 무연탄 사용량의 감소로 대기중 일산화탄소의 농도는 점점 감소하고 있는 추세이다. 오존은 전반적으로 일사량이 많은 하절기에 농도가 높았고 동절기에는 농도가 낮은 경향을 보였다. 한편 주요 대기오염물질의 장·단기 기준달성도를 비교분석한 결과 대구지역의 대기오염물질중 아황산가스의 고농도 발생빈도는 공업지역에 집중되어 있었으며 질소산화물과 일산화탄소는 아직은 장·단기 환경기준을 초과하지 않는 수준으로 나타났고, 분진과 오존의 경우는 공업지역 뿐만 아니라 전지역에서 그 발생빈도가 유사하게 나타났다. In this study, characteristics and distributional patterns of the concentrations of air pollutants in Taegu area were evaluated using a data-base established from the ambient air quality monitoring stations for the period of 1989 to 1994. The result of this study demonstrated that in each sampling site, the SO_2 concentrations were much higher in winter than those in summer. However, a decreasing tendency was clearly shown in the annual variation of SO_2 concentrations, largely due to the use of LPG instead of anthracite coal for local heating systems and to the fuel policy of using lower sulfur content fuel in industrial sectors. Unlike SO_2, there was no distinct seasonal variation in the concentrations of suspended particulate matter. Concentrations of NO_x were found to be generally lower than the long term ambient air quality standard (50 ppb). The NO_x concentration has been gradually increased, reflecting the rapidly increased number of vehicles In this area, while the CO levels In ambient air were declind because of the reduced use of coal for domestic purposes. The Ozone concentrations in Taegu area exhibited that there has been already photochemical smog phenomena during the summer season when the insolation is strong.

허혈 조건부여가 심근기능의 회복에 미치는 영향 : 적출 심장모델을 이용한 실험연구 Isolated heart experimental study

백광제,김준식,한승백,전영진,이인성 大韓應急醫學會 1999 대한응급의학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Background: Brief episode of coronary artery occlusion(i.e.,ischemic preconditioning) makes the heart more resistant to injury from a subsequent ischemic insult. Although a great deal of effort has been made in studying ischemic preconditioning, the underlying mechanism of ischemic preconditioning and its effect on hypothermic insult has not been elucidated. This study was performed to see whether ischemic preconditioning protects against the depression of cardiac contractility induced by hypothermic cardioplegic arrest/reperfusion. And recently, adenosine was known to have some correlation with the mechanism of preconditioning. If so, does this effect remain after the blockade of adenosine receptor by 8-phenyl theophyline? Method: Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rat weighed 250-350g were used and divided into three groups. Rat hearts were removed rapidly, and each isolated heart paced with a rate of 180/min was perfused by modified Krebs-Hensleit buffer(KHB) solution on a Langendorff apparatus for an hour. After obtaining baseline data including left ventricular pressure(LVP), dp/dt, and coronary flow, cardiac arrest was induced by perfusion of 0℃ crystalloid cardioplegic(St Thomas) solution. After that, all hearts were stored in the same St Thomas solution at same temperature for 2 hours. In group Ⅰ(control group), the heart was reperfused by KHB solution. In group Ⅱ(preconditioning group), the heart was subjected to two 2-minute episode of global ischemia followed by 5 minute reperfusion with KHB solution(preconditioning) before cardiac arrest. In group Ⅲ(phenyl theophylline group), the heart was subjected to preconditioning procedure and 8-phenyl theophylline at 10μM in concentration was added to KHB solution at time of reperfusion. Observing parameter was obtained in each group at 10, 20, 40 and 60 minutes after starting reperfusion and compared statistically by use of one way ANOVA test(STASTICA, release 4.5). p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Although depressed LVP, dp/dt, and coronary flow were seen in all groups during the reperfusion period, the preconditioned group showed more effective recovery of LVP than that of the control group, especially at 10, 20 and 40 minutes(p<.05). We failed to demonstrate the difference between the phenyl theophylline group and the control group(p=NS). Conclusion: These results suggest that ischemic preconditioning has protective effect on recovery state of hypothemic cardioplegic arrest/reperfusion. Its protective effect was limited during early reperfusion stage and was blocked by adenosine blocker.

생체분해성 망막압정을 이용한 망막고정에 대한 실험적 연구

김용백,민병무,김창식,박근성,김승영,길숙종,조항진,이성복,노승무,송규상,강대영,조준식,양준묵,정경수,최선웅,이진호,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

Biodegradable retinal fixation devices obtain mechnical fixation of the retina with desirable chorioretinal scarring and with the potential for local, sustained release of antimetabolites and steroids to inhibit proliferative vitreoretinopathy. We manufactured a biodegradable retinal tack with barb that was designed in order to prevent intrusion from implantation of retinal tacks. This study was carried to evaluate the efficacy for retinal fixation and the capability for sustained release of drugs with a newly designed biodegradable retinal tack Biodegradable retinal tacks were made of polymers of glycolic acids and were designed with barbs in a shape to prevent the disinsertion. Biodegradale retinal tacks are divided into 3 parts, a conical portion that is inserted into the sclera, a cylinder portion that remains in the vitreous, and a neck portion between the pin and the cylinder. The tapered conical end was manufactured to allow easy insertion through the retina and choroid into the sclera. A cylinder portion was manufactured with a tapered angle that fixes firmly into the orifice of 19 gauge spinal needle. A neck portion, 0.4 mm in diameter, was designed to prevent disinsertion from following implantation of retinal tack. The applicator was a 19 gauge spinal needle and its orifice was prepared to 15°angle to accept the tapered cylinder portion of the retinal tack. The retinal tacks, secured in the needles, were passed through the formed vitreous and inserted into the retina, choroid, and sclera and were released by pushing the internal needle, usually within 2-3mm of the medullary ray of the posterior rabbit retina A retinal tack was placed in each of 8 pigmented rabbit eyes. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography were performed periodically from 1 day to 8 weeks after surgery. Eight eyes were enucleated and studied by light microscopy at 8 weeks. Biomicroscopic evaluation of the animals revealed edemas adjacent to the retinal surfaces immediately after insertion of the biodegradable retinal tacks in all the animals. These edemas disappeared after 1 week. The first noticeable change in the size of retinal tacks was shown after 2weeks. The size of the retinal tacks gradually got smaller, decreasing to about one-half at 4 weeks and about one-third at 8 weeks. All retinal tacks remained in inserted places without any movement for an 8 week period. On light microscopy, epiretinal proliferations were seen to extend into the vitreous cavity. Cellular capsules that lined the inner aspect of the scleral defect caused by tack insertion were found. However the adjacent retina had a normal cytologic appearance and architecture in all specimens. We manufactured a biodegradable retinal tack that is designed to prevent intrusion from implantation of retinal tacks. All biodegradable retinal tacks reduce in size with time, but no retinal tacks extruded from the inserted place. The newly designed biodegradable retinal tack can be used for retinal fixation and may be used as a vehicle for the introduction of pharmacologic agents to prevent the cellular events that promote proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

8.3% Carbamide Peroxide 함유 펜 형 자가미백제인 BIancTis Forte의 색조개선 및 안전성에 관한 임상연구

이진경,민선홍,홍성태,오소람,정신혜,황영혜,유성엽,배광식,백승호,이우철,손원준,금기연 대한치과보존학회 2009 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.34 No.2

This clinical study evaluated the whitening effect and safety of polymer based-pen type BlancTis Forte(NIBEC) containing 8.3% carbamide peroxide. Twenty volunteers used the BlancTis Forte whitening agent for 2 hours twice a day for 4 weeks As a control. Whitening Effect Pen (LG) containing 3% hydrogen peroxide was used by 20 volunteers using the same protocol. The change in shade (ΔE^(*) color difference) was measured using Shadepilot™ (DeguDent) before, during and after bleaching (2 weeks, 4 weeks and postbleaching 4 weeks). A clinical examination for any side effects (tooth hypersensitivity or soft tissue complications) was also performed at each check-up. The following results were obtained. 1 Both the experimental and control groups displayed a noticeable change in shade (ΔE) of over 2 No significant differences were found between the two group (p>0.05) implying that the two agents have a similar whitening effect. 2 The whitening effect was mainly due to changes in a and b values rather than in L value (brightness). The experimental group showed a significantly higher change in b value thus yellow shade than the control(p < 0.05) 3 None of the participants complained of tooth hypersensitivity or soft tissue complications confirming the safety of both whitening agents 8.3%의 carbamide peroxide를 함유한 펜형 코팅용 미백제인 BlancTis Forte (NIBEC, Seosul & JinCheon)를 실험군으로, 3% hydrogen peroxide를 함유한글 Whitening Effect Pen (LG. Seoul) 제재를 대조군으로 각각 피험자 20명에게 2시간씩 1일 2회 제조사의 지시대로 치아표면에 4주간 적용하도록 지시하고 색조개선 효능과 안전성을 평가하였다. 미백 효과는 미백 전 및 미백 2주, 4주 및 미백 종료 4주 후에 Shadopilot™을 이용하여 색 변화를 측정하였고, 매 내원시기마다 모든 환자는 치수생활력 검사와 치주 및 치태 검사를 통해 부작용 여부 (치아과민증 및 구감 내 연조직의 부작용)를 기록한 후 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1.실험군 및 대조군의 색 변화량 (ΔE)은 2이상으로 인지할 수 있는 색 변화를 보였으며, 두 제품 간에는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않아 (p > 0.05) 유사한 미백효능을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 2,미백효과는 명도의 개선보다는 주로 a. b값의 변화에 의한 것으로 특히 실험군에서 b값의 변화, 즉 황색조의 개선효과가 대조군에 비해 유의성 있게 높은 것으로 나타났다 (p <0.05). 3.치아나 치은의 과민증이나 이상증상을 호소하는 피험자는 없어 두 제품 모두 안전성을 확인할 수 있었다.

궤적 정보를 이용한 냉동 컨테이너 모니터링 시스템

이명진,이응재,하덕천,류근호,백승재 한국지리정보학회 2005 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.8 No.1

위성 통신 기술의 발달로 국부적으로 수행리던 위치 추적의 범위가 선 세계로 3~4간되었다 하지만 기존의 물류 관제 시스템들은 관제 서버와 물류간의 통신을 위하여 휴대폰 통신망을 이용하기 때문에 일부 지역 내에서 이동하는 물류에 대해서만 관제가 가능하다. 이 논문에서는 위성 통신을 이용하여 전 세계를 이동하는 물류 매체인 냉동 컨테이너의 위치 및 상태 정보를 관리하기 위한시스템을 제안하였다. 제안 시스템은 냉동 컨테이너의 상태를 직절 관제하는 데이터 수집부, 관제서버와의 통신을 담당하는 위성 통신부, 냉동 컨테이너 정보를 판리하는 관제부로 구성된다. 시스템의 관제부에서는 냉동 컨테이너의 위치 주적 및 관제를 효과적으로 수행하기 위하여 기존의 TB 트리를 기반으로 하는 다중 버전 이동 객체 색인을 사용하였다. 제안된 냉동 컨테이너 관제시스템은 화주, 운송회사 등 육해상 물류관련 기관에서 냉동컨테이너 및 선박 위치추적, 컨테이너 통제, 컨테이너 통계 등 다양한 용도로 사용될 수 있어 화주에게는 컨테이너 운송에 대한 서비스를 제공하며, 선사에게는 선박안전경보시스템, 선박 관리, 냉동컨테이너를 효율적인 관리 기능을 제공하게 한다. As developing satellite communication, the tracking range of the moving objects which move in local area is expanded to the whole world. However previous logistics management system is able to monitor freight which transporting in local area using mobile communication system. In this paper, we propose the reefer container management system that manages the location information and other related information such as temperature, humidity of container using the satellite system. The proposed system consists of three parts; data collector, satellite communication manager, reefer container information manager. And the proposed system uses the moving object index for managing the trajectory of container and tracing the location of container or vessel that is transporting the container, and supports various services such as reefer container and vessel tracking, container control and container statistics to logistic companies like shipper and forwarding agent. And the system can be increasing the quality of container transportation service to the shipper, and it makes the efficient management of reefer container to the shipping company.

중년 여성의 운동형태별 영양섭취에 관한 연구

최승욱,백영호,김수진,문미자 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 2005 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.21 No.1

With middle-aged women living in B metropolitan city as subjects, classified were two groups : the women who take steady exercise for over 6 months and the women who take no exercise, and a comparative analysis was made of the total caloric intake, the ratio of the intake of three major nutrients, the intake of micronutrients, and the amount and ratio of daily dietary intake, according to the type of exercise, with the following results.......