http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
JONKERS, WILFRIED,VAN KAN, JAN A. L.,TIJM, PATRICK,LEE, YIN‐,WON,TUDZYNSKI, PAUL,REP, MARTIJN,MICHIELSE, CAROLINE B. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Molecular plant pathology Vol.12 No.6
<P><B>SUMMARY</B></P><P>Plant‐pathogenic fungi employ a variety of infection strategies; as a result, fungi probably rely on different sets of proteins for successful infection. The F‐box protein Frp1, only present in filamentous fungi belonging to the Sordariomycetes, Leotiomycetes and Dothideomycetes, is required for nonsugar carbon catabolism and pathogenicity in the root‐infecting fungus <I>Fusarium oxysporum</I>. To assess the role of Frp1 in other plant‐pathogenic fungi, <I>FRP1</I> deletion mutants were generated in <I>Fusarium graminearum</I> and <I>Botrytis cinerea</I>, and their phenotypes were analysed. Deletion of <I>FgFRP1</I> in <I>F. graminearum</I> led to impaired infection of barley roots, but not of aerial plant parts. Deletion of <I>BcFRP1</I> in <I>B. cinerea</I> did not show any effect on pathogenicity. Sexual reproduction, however, was impaired in both <I>F. graminearum</I> and<I> B. cinerea FRP1</I> deletion mutants. The mutants of all three fungi displayed different phenotypes when grown on an array of carbon sources. The <I>F. oxysporum</I> and <I>B. cinerea</I> deletion mutants showed opposite growth phenotypes on sugar and nonsugar carbon sources. Replacement of <I>FoFRP1</I> in <I>F. oxysporum</I> with the <I>B. cinerea BcFRP1</I> resulted in the restoration of pathogenicity, but also in a switch from impaired growth on nonsugar carbon sources to impaired growth on sugar carbon sources. This effect could be ascribed in part to the <I>B. cinerea BcFRP1</I> promoter sequence. In conclusion, the function of the F‐box protein Frp1, despite its high sequence conservation, is not conserved between different fungi, leading to differential requirements for pathogenicity and carbon source utilization.</P>
Y.N. Zhang,J. Wang,B. Qi,S.G. Wu,H.R. Chen,H.Y. Luo,D.J. Yin,F.J. Lu,H.J. Zhang,G.H. Qi 아세아·태평양축산학회 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.8
Objective: The objective of the present study was to determine whether mango saponin (MS) could be used as a feed additive in broiler chicks by evaluating growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and plasma biochemical indices. Methods: A total of 216 1-d-old Arbor Acres male broiler chicks were randomly assigned into three dietary treatments supplemented with 0 (control), 0.14% (MS 0.14%), or 0.28% (MS 0.28%) MS. Each treatment had six replicates (cages) with 12 chicks each. The feeding trial lasted for six weeks. Results: Compared with the control, dietary supplemented with 0.14% or 0.28% MS increased average daily weight gain of chicks in the grower (22 to 42 d) and the whole (1 to 42 d) phases, and the final body weight of chicks on d 42 was higher in MS supplemented groups (p<0.05). Lower L45 min* (lightness) and L24 h* values, lower b24 h* (yellowness) value, and higher a45 min* (redness) and a24 h* values of the breast muscle were observed in chicks fed with 0.28% MS on d 42 (p<0.05). The total antioxidant capacity in plasma increased in MS 0.14% group on d 21 (p<0.001). Lower contents of plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride were observed in chicks fed with 0.28% MS on d 21 and d 42, whereas the group supplemented with 0.14% MS only decreased plasma triglyceride content on d 21 (p<0.05). The glucose content in plasma decreased in MS 0.28% group on d 42 (p<0.001). Conclusion: Overall, MS could be used as a feed additive in broiler chicks, and the supplemental level of 0.28% MS in diet could improve growth performance, meat quality, and plasma lipid metabolism in broiler chicks.
Write Current Reduction in Transition Metal Oxide Based Resistance Change Memory
Ahn, S.-E.,Lee, M.-J.,Park, Y.,Kang, B. S.,Lee, C. B.,Kim, K. H.,Seo, S.,Suh, D.-S.,Kim, D.-C.,Hur, J.,Xianyu, W.,Stefanovich, G.,Yin, H.,Yoo, I.-K.,Lee, J.-H.,Park, J.-B.,Baek, I.-G.,Park, B. H. WILEY-VCH Verlag 2008 Advanced Materials Vol.20 No.5
<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>A novel memory cell structure with a Pt/Ti-doped NiO/Pt architecture is shown to exhibit the lowest write current reported thus far for a unipolar switching resistance-change-based device, as shown in the figure. The write current decreases dramatically upon scaling to cell sizes smaller than 100 nm×100 nm. High-density universal memory can be fabricated by combining this node element with a selective switch. <img src='wiley_img/09359648-2008-20-5-ADMA200702081-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/09359648-2008-20-5-ADMA200702081-content'> </P>
OPTIMIZATION OF EGR AND SPLIT INJECTION STRATEGY FOR LIGHT VEHICLE DIESEL LOW TEMPERATURE COMBUSTION
B. YIN,J. WANG,K. YANG,H. JIA 한국자동차공학회 2014 International journal of automotive technology Vol.15 No.7
Low temperature combustion was developed using a four-cylinder light vehicle diesel engine. Operatingconditions considered were 1600 rpm, 1bar and 3bar IMEP. Both EGR and split injection strategy were optimized in order toobtain the lowest BSFC accompanied with a low level of emissions. It was found that a late injection strategy with high levelsof EGR rate was required for simultaneous reduction of NOx and soot. However, the fuel consumption remains higher thanthe conventional combustion regime. Thus, the optimization study of injection parameters to improve the trade-off betweenNOx and soot emissions while maintaining good fuel efficiency was performed. Several injection pressures were tested. Theresults showed that as injection pressure increased, NOx emissions increased slightly, soot initially decreased sharply, butfurther increase of injection pressure on soot was not obvious at low temperature atmosphere, and might lead to increasedBSFC. Next, split injection strategy was adopted, optimized pilot injection conditions for minimizing fuel consumption werefound at late pilot injection timing with big injection quantity, but little amount of pilot injection could make bettercomprehensive performance of diesel engine. Through multi-parameter collaborative optimization, the emission reductionpath was proposed at operating condition of partial load. Low NOx and soot emissions could be obtained with slightly increaseof fuel consumption.
Yin, L. H.,Yang, J.,Tong, P.,Luo, X.,Park, C. B.,Shin, K. W.,Song, W. H.,Dai, J. M.,Kim, K. H.,Zhu, X. B. Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Journal of Materials Chemistry C Vol.4 No.47
<P>We report a systematic study on the magnetic, magnetocaloric (MC), specific heat and magnetoelectric (ME) properties of the single crystals of rare-earth orthochromites, RCrO3 (R = Dy, Nd, Er, Tb). Interesting stair-like metamagnetic transitions were observed for the first time in TbCrO3 crystals. Intrinsic large anisotropy in the magnetic and ME properties were also revealed in all of the RCrO3 crystals. The reorientation/ordering of the rare earth R3+ spins was observed to be accompanied with large MC, rotating MC and ME effects. These behaviors are found be closely related to the R-R and R-Cr interactions in these chromites. In particular, the ME effect can be ascribed to the spin phonon coupling. All these results suggest the essential and unique role of 4f electrons of rare earth ions in these chromites.</P>