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Hyunwoo Youn,Kenji Miki,Ayumi Iwata,Tomoaki Okuda 한국대기환경학회 2023 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.17 No.1
Atmospheric aerosols, including primary aerosols emitted directly into the atmosphere and secondary aerosols generated in the atmosphere from various chemically complex particles, cause a variety of environmental problems such as climate change, photochemical smog formation, and a decrease in incoming solar radiation. Therefore, it is important to understand the causes of aerosol particles and their impact on human society. In particular, particle size is an important indicator of lung penetration depth, aerosol transport, and optical properties. Hence, we mathematically estimated the airborne particle size distributions of each chemical component by collecting aerosol samples from the atmosphere using two types of cyclone samplers, large and small cyclone samplers. This study’s findings also suggest that calculated changes in particle size distribution can reflect changes in particle sources. The higher resolution of the continuous functions will enable the detection of the subtle changes in particle size distributions of each chemical component, which is helpful to understand the temporal changes in the chemical properties of the airborne aerosol particles.
Tsuzuki Seiichiro,Watanabe Ayumi,Iwata Mitsunaga,Toyama Hiroshi,Terasawa Teruhiko 대한의학회 2021 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.36 No.22
Background: In patients with fever or inflammation of unknown origin (fever of unknown origin [FUO] or inflammation of unknown origin [IUO], respectively), expert consensus recommends the use of positron emission tomography with fluorine-18-fluorodeoxy glucose combined with computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) when standard work-up fails to identify diagnostic clues. However, the clinical variables associated with successful localization of the cause by FDG-PET/CT remain uncertain. Moreover, the long-term outcomes of patients with unexplained FUO or IUO after negative FDG-PET/CT results are unknown. Therefore, we assessed predictors of successful diagnosis of FUO or IUO caused by FDG-PET/CT and associations of spontaneous remission of symptoms with FDG-PET/CT results. Methods: All patients with FUO or IUO, who underwent FDG-PET/CT from 2013 to 2019 because diagnostic work-up failed to identify a cause, were retrospectively included. We calculated the diagnostic yield and performed multivariable logistic regression to assess characteristics previously proposed to be associated with successful localization of FUO or IUO causes. We also assessed whether the FDG-PET/CT results were associated with spontaneous remissions. Results: In total, 50 patients with diagnostically challenging FUO or IUO (35 with FUO and 15 with IUO) were assessed. Other than one case of infection, all the identified causes were either malignancy or non-infectious inflammatory diseases (each with 18 patients), and FDG-PET/ CT correctly localized the cause in 29 patients (diagnostic yield = 58%). None of the proposed variables was associated with successful localization. All 13 patients with sustained unexplained cause remained alive (median follow-up, 190 days). Spontaneous remission was observed in 4 of 5 patients with a negative FDG-PET/CT, and 1 of 8 with a positive result (P = 0.018). Conclusion: In the current cohort, the proposed variables were not predictive for successful localization by FDG-PET/CT. A negative FDG-PET/CT scan may be prognostic for spontaneous remission in patients with sustained FUO or IUO.
Zikrilla Bobamuratovich Alimov,Hyunwoo Youn,Ayumi Iwata,Kohei Nakano,Takuma Okamoto,Ayaha Sasaki,Takuya Katori,Tomoaki Okuda 한국대기환경학회 2022 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.16 No.3
Cyclone sampling devices have been helpful in assessing the toxic effects of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). The particle collection efficiency of sampling devices is critical. This study investigated the effect of cyclone size on particle size, chemical composition, and particle toxicity. Three cyclones with different inner diameters (12-68 mm) were tested for penetration using an aerodynamic particle sizer, fluorescent polystyrene latex, and a differential mobility analyzer. The elemental and water-soluble ion compositions of the particles collected by different cyclones were compared. An evaluation of the particles’ toxicity was conducted by comparing the results of dithiothreitol (DTT), limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL), and cell exposure assays. The experimental evaluation showed a 50% cut-size of the cyclones between 0.17-0.28, 0.34-0.36, and 0.70 μm for the small, medium, and large cyclones, respectively. To collect PM2.5 and evaluate separation performance in the real environment, the small and large cyclones were selected according to the particle penetration and flow rate. A comparison of chemical composition and enrichment factor values found that the particles in the small cyclone samples contained smaller and more anthropogenic sources than those in the large cyclone samples. The oxidative potential (OP) measured by the DTT assay of the samples collected using the small and large cyclones differed across sampling periods and associated with the transition metals. The viability of human epithelial A549 cells after exposure to the collected particles using the cyclones was different across sampling periods and associated with OP. The endotoxin concentrations measured in the LAL assay were found only in the large cyclone samples; they affected the estimated level of cytokine based on IL(interleukin)-6 release from human leukemia monocytic (THP-1) cells derived macrophage- like cells. Regardless of the size, the cyclone techniques used in this study to collect aerosol particles would be a powerful tool for a detailed evaluation of particle toxicity.
Yuka Endo,Akiyo Yoshimura,Masataka Sawaki,Masaya Hattori,Haruru Kotani,Ayumi Kataoka,Nanae Horisawa,Yuri Ozaki,Kazuki Nozawa,Daiki Takatsuka,Ayaka Isogai,Hiroji Iwata 한국유방암학회 2022 Journal of breast cancer Vol.25 No.4
Purpose: Safely postponing the use of chemotherapy is important for quality of life maintenance in patients with hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer. In previous studies, a combination of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) and fulvestrant prolonged the time to chemotherapy (TTC). In this study, we used real-world data to evaluate TTC in the context of CDK4/6i therapy. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of women with estrogen receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer treated at the Aichi Cancer Center Hospital. The patients were categorized into having received CDK4/6i therapy first (n = 41), second (n = 33), and none at all (n = 67). The change in TTC among the groups was examined. Results: The median follow-up time was 13.8, 27.5, and 30.3 months in the CDK4/6i (first), CDK4/6i (second), and non-CDK4/6i groups, respectively. The median progression-free survival (PFS) with first-line therapy for metastasis was 30.0, 11.9, and 13.0 months, respectively (CDK4/6i [first] vs. non-CDK4/6i; p = 0.018, CDK4/6i [second] vs. non-CDK4/6i; p = 0.383). The median TTC was not reached in the CDK4/6i (first) group, was 39.1 months in the CDK4/6i (second) group, and was 44.2 months in the non-CDK4/6i group (CDK4/6i [first] vs. non-CDK4/6i; p = 0.880; CDK4/6i [second] vs. non-CDK4/6i; p = 0.407). The non-CDK4/6i group with TTC ≥ 60 months included more cases of secondary endocrine therapy resistance (p = 0.017), no perioperative chemotherapy (p = 0.021), and a longer disease-free interval (p = 0.093). Conclusion: Although PFS was significantly longer in the CDK4/6i (first) group than in the non-CDK4/6i group, TTC did not significantly differ among the three groups in real-world data. The non-CDK4/6i group showed a long TTC in patients with late recurrence and low risk at the primary lesion site, who benefited greatly from hormone monotherapy.