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THE APPLICATION OF AUSTRALIAN TROPICAL PASTURE TECHNOLOGY TO ASIA AND THE PACIFIC - Review -
Ayres, J.F. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1993 Animal Bioscience Vol.6 No.2
The grassland regions of Australia, the Pacific and Asia share common latitudes albeit in opposing hemispheres. However, the environmental and socio-cultural context of pasture development in the subtropical and tropical regions of Australia, the Pacific Islands and Asia differ greatly. Successful technology transfer for improved productivity of grazing livestock is beset by three broad challenges; technical, logistical and socio-cultural. The technical challenge of defining the grassland environment and adapting known technology to local conditions can be successfully addressed by local technicians supported by a reservoir of appropriate international expertise. Logistical difficulties that impede provision of infrastructure and continuity of support services are the responsibility of indigenous organizations. Socio-cultural factors are fundamentally pervasive. These challenges, though outwardly obvious, require careful consideration by both donors and recipients of pasture technology to ensure success with pasture development for viable grazing industries.
Factors Related to Performance of Health Practices Among Asian Adolescents in the United States
Cynthia G. Ayres,Robert Atkins,Ganga Mahat 한국간호과학회 2010 Asian Nursing Research Vol.4 No.2
Purpose This study examined factors related to positive health practices (PHP) among Asian adolescents. More specifically, it tested theoretical relationships postulated between PHP and social support,optimism, self-esteem, loneliness, and acculturation in this population. Method A correlational research design was used and a convenience sample of 151 Asian adolescents was obtained. Participants completed a demographic sheet and six study instruments. Results Significant positive relationships were found between reported performance of PHP and social support, optimism, self-esteem, and acculturation. A significant inverse relationship was found between loneliness and PHP. Conclusions Study findings extend existing knowledge and contribute to a more comprehensive knowledge base regarding health practices among Asian adolescents. Having this knowledge base provides practitioners with a better understanding of the factors related to health practices in Asian adolescents and assists them in developing culturally sensitive interventions aimed at promoting PHP in this population. [Asian Nursing Research 2010;4(2):64–74]
Effect of post space preparation drills on the incidence of root dentin defects
Zuli Thaíse Ayres Bezerra,Guedes Orlando Aguirre,Gonçalves Gislaine Figueiredo Zarza Arguello,da Silva Júnior Aurélio Rosa,Borges Álvaro Henrique,Aranha Andreza Maria Fábio 대한치과보존학회 2020 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.45 No.4
Objectives: This study investigated the incidence of root dentin defects after the use of different post space preparation (PSP) drills. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two bovine incisors were selected and obtained 14-mm-long root sections. Twelve roots served as controls with no intervention (G1). The 60 root canals remaining were instrumented using the crown-down technique with the ProTaper Next system and obturated using the lateral condensation technique. Specimens were randomly distributed into 5 groups (n = 12) according to the operative steps performed: G2, root canal instrumentation and filling (I+F); G3, I+F and PSP with Gates-Glidden drills; G4, I+F and PSP with Largo-Peeso reamers; G5, I+F and PSP with Exacto drill; and G6, I+F and PSP with WhitePost drill. Roots were sectioned at 3, 6, 9, and 12 mm from the apex, and digital images were captured. The presence of root dentin defects was recorded. Data were analyzed by the χ2 test, with p < 0.05 considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: Root dentin defects were observed in 39.6% of the root sections. No defects were observed in G1. G5 had significantly more cracks and craze lines than G1, G2, and G3 (p < 0.05), and more fractures than G1, G2, G3, and G4 (p < 0.05). When all root sections were analyzed together, significantly more defects were observed at the 12-mm level than at the 3-mm level (p < 0.05). Conclusions: PSP drills caused defects in the root dentin. Gates-Glidden drills caused fewer root defects than Largo-Peeso reamers and Exacto drills.
Structure ofSn107studied through single-neutron knockout reactions
Cerizza, G.,Ayres, A.,Jones, K. L.,Grzywacz, R.,Bey, A.,Bingham, C.,Cartegni, L.,Miller, D.,Padgett, S.,Baugher, T.,Bazin, D.,Berryman, J. S.,Gade, A.,McDaniel, S.,Ratkiewicz, A.,Shore, A.,Stroberg, S American Physical Society 2016 Physical Review C Vol.93 No.2
<P>The neutron-deficient nucleus Sn-107 has been studied by using the one-neutron knockout reaction. By measuring the decay gamma rays and momentum distributions of reaction residues, the spins of the ground, 5/2(+), and first-excited, 7/2(+), states of Sn-107 have been assigned by comparisons to eikonal-model reaction calculations. Limits on the inclusive and exclusive cross sections have been measured and transitions due to neutron removals from below the N = 50 closed shell have been observed. New excited states up to 5.5 MeV in Sn-107 have been identified.</P>
Chae, K.Y.,Ahn, S.,Ayres, A.,Bardayan, D.W.,Bey, A.,Greife, U.,Howard, M.E.,Jones, K.L.,Kozub, R.L.,Matoš,, M.,Moazen, B.H.,Nesaraja, C.D.,O’Malley, P.D.,Peters, W.A.,Pittman, S.T.,Smith, M.S. Elsevier 2018 Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Vol.900 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Direct measurements of ( α , p ) reactions of astrophysical interest with radioactive beams presents serious challenges because of the difficult nature of helium targets and the typical low intensities of the beams. To address this, a new technique has been developed for measurements of low-energy ( α , p ) reactions with heavy ion beams using an extended <SUP> 4 </SUP> He gas target and a newly developed gas recirculating system. The system was used to measure the <SUP> 4 </SUP> He(<SUP>19</SUP>F, <SUP> 1 </SUP> H)<SUP>22</SUP>Ne reaction as a demonstration. Excitation functions of the <SUP>19</SUP>F( α , p )<SUP>22</SUP>Ne and <SUP>19</SUP>F( α , <SUP> p ′ </SUP> )<SUP>22</SUP>Ne <SUP> ∗ </SUP> reactions were successfully measured to show the viability of this technique. Details of the approach and future plans are given.</P>
Development and Evaluation of an Oral Controlled Release Delivery System for Melatonin
Lee,Beom Jin,Keith A Parrott,Robert L Sack,James W Ayres 한국약제학회 1993 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.23 No.3
Sugar spheres loaded with melatonin (MT) were coated with Aquacoat^ⓡ to control the release rate of MT over 8 hours. A zero-order release pattern over 8 hours was obtained with 20% coating on 8-10 mesh beads in USP basket dissolution studies. MT in 20% coated beads was quite stable at room temperature with less than 5% MT degraded during 6 months' storage. Dissolution profiles were also unchanged after 6 months. An oral preparation containing MT-loaded uncoated beads for immediate release and 20% coated beads with Aquacoat^ⓡ for controlled release over 8 hours was evaluated in six human subjects. When total 0.5 ㎎ MT as low dose (immediate release portion of MT, 0.1 ㎎) was administered to four subjects, average peak plasma MT concentration was reached at about 600 pg/㎖ and maintained at about 10 pg/㎖ over 8 hours. Plasma MT concentration-time profiles were similar in shape to computer-simulated profiles. However, maximal plasma MT concentrations were three times greater compared to computer simulated curve. These results suggest that MT dose, ratio of immediate and controlled release MT, and pharmacokinetic parameters selected are adjusted to mimic endogenous MT concentration-time curve. In another study, 0.2 ㎎ MT having 10% of immediate release portion and 80% controlled release portion produced plasma MT concentration-time curve which is more similar to endogenous profiles. A low bioavailability (<20%) may result from extensive first pass metabolism and remaining amounts of MT from controlled beads. A good correlation between plasma MT concentration and urinary excretion rate of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin (6-STMT), a major metabolite of MT was observed. As plasma MT concentration increased, urinary excretion rate of 6-STMT increased concomitantly. The linear relation between plasma MT and urinary excretion rate of 6-STMT was statistically significant. This result suggests that urinary 6-STMT may be used as an index of circadian rhythms of MT in humans.
Lee, Beom-Jin,Choi, Han-Gon,Kim, Chong-Kook,Parrott, Keith-A.,Ayres, James-W.,Sack, Robert-L. The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1997 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.20 No.6
The physicochemical properties of melatonin (MT) in propylene glycol (PG) and 2-hydroxypropyl-.betha.-cyclodextrin $(2-HP{\beta}CD)$ vehicles were characterized. MT was endothermally decomposed as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Melting point and heat of fusion obtained were $116.9{\pm}0.24^{\circ}C $.and $7249{\pm}217 cal/mol$., respectively. MT as received from a manufacture was very pure, at least 99.9%. The solubility of MT in PG solution increased slowly until reaching 40% PG and then steeply increased. Solubility of MT increased linearly as concentration of $2-HP{\beta}CD$ without PG INCREASED$(R^2=0.993)$. MT solubility in the mixtures of pg and $2-HP{\beta}CD$ also increased linearly but was less than the sum of its solubility in $2-HP{\beta}CD$ and PG individually. The MT solubility was low in water, simulated gastric or intestinal fluid but the highest in the mixture of PG(40v/v%) and $2-HP{\beta}CD$ (30w/v%) although efficiency of MT solubilization in $2-HP{\beta}CD$ decreased as the concentration of PG increased. MT was degraded in a fashion of the first order kinetics $(r^2>0.90)$. MT was unstable in strong acidic solution (HCl-NaCl buffer, pH 1.4) but relatively stable in other pH values of 4-10 at $70^{\circ}C$. In HCl-NaCl buffer, MT in 10% PG was more quickly degraded and then slowed dpwm at a higher concentration. However, the degradation rate constant of MT in 2-HP.betha.CD was not changed significantly when compared to the water. The current studies can be applied to the dosage formulations for the purpose of enhancing percutaneous absorption or bioavailability of MT.
Lee, Beom-Jin,Ryu, Seung-Goo,Choi, Han-Gon,Kim, Chong-Kook,Parrott, Keith-A.,Ayres, James-W.,Sack, Robert-L. The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1997 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.20 No.6
The three different batches of an oral sustained release melatonin (MT) delivery system were prepared by aqueous-based fluid-bed coating of the sugar spheres for the evaluation of in vitro release characteristics and plasma concentration profiles in human subjects. The MT contents in 20% coated sugar spheres of three batches (B1, B2 and B3) were $3.3{\pm}0.08$, $2.4{\pm}0.1$ and $2.5{\pm}0.13$ mg per gram of coated sugar spheres, respectively. The release profiles of three different batches had a very similar fashion. However, the release profiles of three different batches had a very similar fashion. However, the release half-lives $(T_{50%})$ of MT from B1, B2 and B3 was $3.70{\pm}0.2$, $5.2{\pm}0.2$ and $4.9{\pm}0.07h$, respectively. Plasma concentration profiles of sustained release 0.2mg melatonin-loaded sugar spheres containing 10% immediate release melatonin in gelatin capsules (B1 and B2) were then evaluated in human subjects. The in vivo plasma concentration profies of the two batches (B1 and B2) were very similar each other and located between the physiological endogenous ranges. The time to reach the peak concentration $(T_max)$ was more advanced in case of B1 when compared to B2. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the maximum concentration $(C_max)$ and the area under the curve (AUC) between B1 and B2. The AUC of melatonin-loaded sugar spheres containing 10% and 20% immediate release MT in human subjects had a good linearity between dose and AUC, regardless of the fraction of immediate release MT, indicating the first order elimination process of MT within these doses. The current oral sustained release MT delivery system may be utilized to treat circadian rhythm disorders if it is proven to be more clinically useful when compared to immediate release MT.