An English School of International Relations Approach to Public Diplomacy: A Public Diplomacy Framework for Global Governance Issues

Ayhan, Kadir Jun The Korean Association for Public Diplomacy 2022 Journal of public diplomacy Vol.2 No.1

Throughout the six decades evolution of the public diplomacy concept, international relations approaches have remained at the margins of the field. An important international relations theory that has been virtually non-existent in the public diplomacy literature is the English School of international relations. This theory has been the centerpiece of literature in diplomatic studies, but curiously, has not been applied to public diplomacy. In this editorial, I outline a public diplomacy framework for global governance issues that builds on the English School and Pamment's framework on the intersection of international development and public diplomacy.

Wijsman rough I-convergence limit point of triple sequences defined by a metric function

Ayhan Esi,Nagarajan Subramanian,AYTEN ESI 원광대학교 기초자연과학연구소 2018 ANNALS OF FUZZY MATHEMATICS AND INFORMATICS Vol.15 No.1

We introduce and study some basic properties of Wijsman rough $I-$ convergent of triple sequence and also study the set of all rough $I-$ limits of a triple sequence.

Editorial: Special Issue on Soft Power and Public Diplomacy in East Asia

Ayhan, Kadir Jun World Association for Triple Helix and Future Stra 2018 Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia Vol.17 No.1

Monolith and Partition Schemes with LDA and Neural Networks as Detector Units for Induction Motor Broken Rotor Bar Fault Detection

Ayhan Bulent,Chow Mo-Yuen,Song Myung-Hyun The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2005 KIEE International Transactions on Electrical Mach Vol.b5 No.2

Broken rotor bars in induction motors can be detected by monitoring any abnormality of the spectrum amplitudes at certain frequencies in the motor current spectrum. Broken rotor bar fault detection schemes should rely on multiple signatures in order to overcome or reduce the effect of any misinterpretation of the signatures that are obscured by factors such as measurement noises and different load conditions. Multiple Discriminant Analysis (MDA) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) provide appropriate environments to develop such fault detection schemes because of their multi-input processing capabilities. This paper describes two fault detection schemes for broken rotor bar fault detection with multiple signature processing, and demonstrates that multiple signature processing is more efficient than single signature processing.

Combination of imatinib mesylate with lithium chloride and medroxyprogesterone acetate is highly active in Ishikawa endometrial carcinoma in vitro

Ayhan Bilir,Mine Erguven,Ezgi Ermis,Mine Sencan,Nuray Yazihan 대한부인종양학회 2011 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.22 No.4

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate whether lithium chloride and medroxyprogesterone acetate can potentiate the cytotoxicity of imatinib mesylate in human endometrial cancer in vitro and the effect of midkine in these therapies. Methods: Imatinib mesylate (50 μM), lithium chloride (100 μM), medroxyprogesterone acetate (200 μM) and their combination were applied to monolayer and three dimensional cultures of human Ishikawa endometrial cancer for 72 hours. The cell proliferation index, apoptotic index, caspase-3 and midkine levels, cell cycle distributions in monolayer cultures and cell ultrastructure in spheroid cultures were evaluated. Results were statistically analyzed using the Student’s t-test. Results: All drug applications inhibited cell proliferation (p<0.05), however the combination were the effective groups for 72 hours (p<0.05). Interestingly, although the loss of efficiency was seen higly seen every 24 hours at single applications, the inhibition rates of the combination groups were almost same for 72 hours. In concordance with these results, the apoptotic index, caspase-3 levels (p<0.05), cell morphology and ultrastructure damages were much higher in the combination groups. Imatinib mesylate induced S-phase arrest, however other groups induced G0+G1-phase arrest at 24 hours and all groups induced G0+G1 arrest at 72 hours (p<0.05). Imatinib mesylate and imatinib mesylate with medroxyprogesterone acetate induced highest decrease in midkine levels, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion: The present study showed that the combination of imatinib mesylate with lithium chloride and medroxyprogesterone acetate is highly active in Ishikawa endometrial carcinoma in vitro and the inhibition of midkine involved in their mechanism of action against endometrium defense. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate whether lithium chloride and medroxyprogesterone acetate can potentiate the cytotoxicity of imatinib mesylate in human endometrial cancer in vitro and the effect of midkine in these therapies. Methods: Imatinib mesylate (50 μM), lithium chloride (100 μM), medroxyprogesterone acetate (200 μM) and their combination were applied to monolayer and three dimensional cultures of human Ishikawa endometrial cancer for 72 hours. The cell proliferation index, apoptotic index, caspase-3 and midkine levels, cell cycle distributions in monolayer cultures and cell ultrastructure in spheroid cultures were evaluated. Results were statistically analyzed using the Student’s t-test. Results: All drug applications inhibited cell proliferation (p<0.05), however the combination were the effective groups for 72 hours (p<0.05). Interestingly, although the loss of efficiency was seen higly seen every 24 hours at single applications, the inhibition rates of the combination groups were almost same for 72 hours. In concordance with these results, the apoptotic index, caspase-3 levels (p<0.05), cell morphology and ultrastructure damages were much higher in the combination groups. Imatinib mesylate induced S-phase arrest, however other groups induced G0+G1-phase arrest at 24 hours and all groups induced G0+G1 arrest at 72 hours (p<0.05). Imatinib mesylate and imatinib mesylate with medroxyprogesterone acetate induced highest decrease in midkine levels, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion: The present study showed that the combination of imatinib mesylate with lithium chloride and medroxyprogesterone acetate is highly active in Ishikawa endometrial carcinoma in vitro and the inhibition of midkine involved in their mechanism of action against endometrium defense.

Chlodowsky type (λ, q)-Bernstein Stancu operator of rough triple sequence space of fuzzy numbers

Ayhan Esi,Nagarajan Subramanian,M. Kemal Ozdemir 원광대학교 기초자연과학연구소 2022 ANNALS OF FUZZY MATHEMATICS AND INFORMATICS Vol.24 No.1

We define the concept of rough limit set of a triple sequence space of Chlodowsky type (λ, q)-Bernstein Stancu polynomials of fuzzy numbers and obtain the relation between the set of rough limit and the extreme limit points of a triple sequence space of Chlodowsky type (λ, q)-Bernstein Stancu polynomials of fuzzy numbers. Finally, we investigate some properties of the rough limit set of Bernstein Stancu polynomials.

Journal of Public Diplomacy: Sunrise of a New Interdisciplinary Journal for an Emerging Academic Field

Ayhan, Kadir Jun The Korean Association for Public Diplomacy 2021 Journal of public diplomacy Vol.1 No.1

An Exploration of Korean Discourses on Public Diplomacy

Ayhan, Kadir Jun World Association for Triple Helix and Future Stra 2020 Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia Vol.19 No.1

There is great confusion over what constitutes public diplomacy (PD), who its actors are, and the relevance of non-state actors. In the Korean context, in addition to the general fuzziness of the concept, linguistic peculiarities of the terms gonggong and gongjung both of which refer to public, waegyo, which is interchangeably used for international affairs, foreign policy and diplomacy, and juche which is simultaneously used for actor and agent, add more layers of confusion. While the term PD in Korea is based almost entirely on Western conceptualization, these linguistic peculiarities prevent fruitful conversations among scholars and practitioners on PD. Against this background, this research note explores and addresses conceptual ambiguities that pertains to PD and the policy discourse on the topic, particularly on non-state PD in Korea. The paper draws on Korean government's PD-related policy documents and Diplomatic White Papers and all relevant academic articles found in Korean-language journals registered in the Korean Citation Index (KCI), which are analysed to gain an understanding of the PD-related policy discourse in Korea.

Branding Korea as “My Friend’s Country”: The Case of VANK's Cyber Public Diplomats

Kadir Ayhan 한국학술연구원 2018 Korea Observer Vol.49 No.1

The role of non-state actors in public diplomacy remains an unsettled question in the literature. However, various transnational activities of non-state actors are often called public diplomacy, without discrimination. The lack of empirical studies on non-state public diplomacy is to blame for this conceptual confusion. Analytical and empirical studies of non-state public diplomacy are needed to consolidate this phenomenon, which is relatively new, while maintaining the conceptual clarity of public diplomacy. This study explores how Voluntary Agency Network of Korea (VANK), a Korean NGO, conducts public diplomacy and nation branding of Korea based on its members’ relationships with foreigners. To gain an in-depth understanding of VANK’s activities from the perspectives of public diplomacy and nation branding, this study follows an exploratory single case study method. The findings of this article suggest how VANK and similar non-state actors offer potential for public diplomacy and nation branding that can be utilized also by state agencies.

Impact of lymph node ratio on survival in stage III ovarian high-grade serous cancer: a Turkish Gynecologic Oncology Group study

Ali Ayhan,Nazlı Topfedaisi Ozkan,Mustafa Erkan Sarı,Husnu Celik,Murat Dede,Özgür Akbayır,Kemal Güngördük,Hanifi Şahin,Ali Haberal,Tayfun Güngör,Macit Arvas,Mehmet Mutlu Meydanlı 대한부인종양학회 2018 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.29 No.1

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of lymph node ratio (LNR) in patients with stage III ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). Methods: A multicenter, retrospective department database review was performed to identify patients with ovarian HGSC at 6 gynecologic oncology centers in Turkey. A total of 229 node-positive women with stage III ovarian HGSC who had undergone maximal or optimal cytoreductive surgery plus systematic lymphadenectomy followed by paclitaxel plus carboplatin combination chemotherapy were included. LNR, defined as the percentage of positive lymph nodes (LNs) to total nodes recovered, was stratified into 3 groups: LNR1 (<10%), LNR2 (10%≤LNR<50%), and LNR3 (≥50%). Kaplan-Meier method was used to generate survival data. Factors predictive of outcome were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Thirty-one women (13.6%) were classified as stage IIIA1, 15 (6.6%) as stage IIIB, and 183 (79.9%) as stage IIIC. The median age at diagnosis was 56 (range, 18–87), and the median duration of follow-up was 36 months (range, 1–120 months). For the entire cohort, the 5-year overall survival (OS) was 52.8%. An increased LNR was associated with a decrease in 5-year OS from 65.1% for LNR1, 42.5% for LNR2, and 25.6% for LNR3, respectively (p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, women with LNR≥0.50 were 2.7 times more likely to die of their tumors (hazard ratio [HR]=2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.42–5.18; p<0.001). Conclusion: LNR seems to be an independent prognostic factor for decreased OS in stage III ovarian HGSC patients.