The Diagnostic Utility of Short-Term Video Electroencephalography at a Tertiary Care Center in North India: A Retrospective Study

Rahul Sinha(Rahul Sinha ),Sonali Singh(Sonali Singh ),Gautam Kamila(Gautam Kamila ),Ashish Upadhyay(Ashish Upadhyay ) 대한소아신경학회 2022 대한소아신경학회지 Vol.31 No.1

Purpose: This study investigated the diagnostic utility of short-term video electroencephalography (EEG) recordings at a tertiary care center in North India. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of 30 minutes of video EEG recordings done between January 2021 and January 2022 in children between 1 and 10 years of age. Demographic and clinical data were collected from the EEG register. Age, sex, the clinical diagnosis, the number of anti-seizure medicines (ASMs), the activation procedures used, and EEG abnormalities were recorded. Results: Data from 100 children (male-to-female ratio, 1.9:1) were analysed. The mean age was 5.39±2.02 years. The indications for EEG recordings were epileptic disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, paroxysmal non-epileptic events, and miscellaneous in 66%, 18%, 9%, and 7% of children, respectively. EEG abnormalities were seen in 50 children (50%) and about 45% of children were on two or more ASMs. EEG abnormalities in sleep were seen in 35 of 66 (53%) children, whereas abnormalities were observed on awake recordings with activation procedures (hyperventilation and photic) in 23 of 34 (68%) children; this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.16) Conclusion: EEG abnormalities were significantly more common in children taking multiple ASMs; however, there was no statistically significant difference in the EEG yield between asleep and awake records with activation procedures. A better selection of patients for routine EEG, through an assessment of their clinical history and comorbidities, is warranted to increase its diagnostic yield.

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Parents/Caregivers Towards Migraine in Children: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

Rahul Sinha,Ankit Kumar Meena,Maneesh Uniyal,Sonali Singh,Ashish Upadhyay 대한소아신경학회 2024 대한소아신경학회지 Vol.32 No.1

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of parents or caregivers of children suffering from migraines at a tertiary care center in North India. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 100 parents or caregivers, using convenience sampling. A 20-item questionnaire was administered in English and also translated into the local language (Hindi). The study included children with migraines who visited the pediatric outpatient department within a 6-month period (December 2022 to May 2023). Results: Over 60% of caregivers were aware of the chronic nature of the illness, its triggering factors, the role of family history, and the importance of lifestyle modifications. However, only 46% understood the pathophysiology of the illness, and 53% were aware of the medication used for childhood migraines. More than 85% of caregivers believed that recurrent headaches necessitate a doctor’s consultation, may require regular visits for optimal treatment, and were willing to alter their child’s lifestyle to prevent headaches. However, a significant percentage of caregivers (47%) practised self-medication for their children’s headaches. Most caregivers believed that lifestyle modifications and avoiding triggers were the best treatments for migraines. There were significant associations (P<0.05) between the level of education and responses to questions related to migraine definition, prophylaxis, treatment, investigations, lifestyle modifications, and screen time. Conclusion: Most participants were well-educated on migraine, and their KAP regarding migraine prevention and treatment were generally adequate. However, the practice of self-medication without professional guidance is a significant concern.

Clinical Profile of Children with Primary Headache at a Tertiary Care Center in North India: A Retrospective Study

Rahul Sinha,Dharmesh Soneji,Gautam Kamila,Sonali Singh,Ashish Upadhyay 대한소아신경학회 2023 대한소아신경학회지 Vol.31 No.3

Purpose: The present study investigated the clinical profile of children with primary headache at a tertiary care center in North India. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted between January 2021 and October 2022. In total, 100 children 5 to 18 years of age who attended the pediatric outpatient department or the emergency department with primary headache were included. Children with secondary causes of headache were excluded. Results: This study included 100 children (40 boys, 60 girls), and the female-to-male ratio was 1.5:1. The patients ranged in age from 5 to 18 years (mean±standard deviation, 10.1±2.8). Migraine headaches were most commonly reported (60%) followed by tension-type headache (28%) and others (12%). The throbbing type of pain was most common (43%), followed by the tightening type in 32%. The pain location was bilateral frontal in 47% of patients, followed by bitemporal in 20% and occipital in 17%. Most of the children (87%) had a headache duration of 2 to 4 hours. The common precipitating factors were skipped meals (25%), bright light (18%), lack of sleep (16%), and schoolwork (15%). A family history was present in around 62%. Around 70% of children required prophylactic medications (flunarizine and propranolol). Long screen time (2 to 4 hours/day) and a family history of headache were significantly associated with primary headache (P<0.05). Conclusion: The present study highlights that migraine is most common cause of primary headache in children, and every effort should be made for the early detection and management of headaches among children.

OUTSOURCING BANKING SERVICES: IMPACTS ON CONSUMERBASED BRAND EQUITY AND LOYALTY IN ASIA

Harry Gu,Ashish Sinha 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2018 No.07

Introduction With the advent of new technology and progress of globalization, the adoption of offshore outsourcing policies, especially in the service sector, becomes a common practice. The motivation to outsource globally arises from a pursuit for agility to cope with changing environment (Gilley & Rasheed, 2000; Mukherjee, Gaur, & Datta, 2013), cost reduction (Ang & Straub, 1998), and eventually competitive advantage (Kang, Wu, Hong, & Park, 2012; Kremic, Tukel, & Rom, 2006). However, recent service research represents outsourcing as a double-edged sword, with both damaging and beneficial consequences (Rasheed & Gilley, 2005), and one of the major concerns of offshore service outsourcing is that customer-based brand equity of the service provider maybe affected negatively. At the moment, few international marketing or business studies empirically test the negative implications of offshore outsourcing on customer loyalty and brand equity. The comparisons between front-end and back-end service outsourcing as well as between BRIC and non-BRIC nations are also missing in the literature. Service providers need strategic information about the possible risks of outsourcing specific types of services to specific countries (Pappu, Quester, & Cooksey, 2005). Therefore, based on the literature of brand equity and country-of- origin (COO) theory, we constructed an integrated framework to explain the outcomes of offshore outsourcing from a service and brand marketing point of view. Theoretical Development COO literature indicates that consumers transfer negative perceptions of a country to perceptions of products (Pappu, Quester, & Cooksey, 2006). This principle should apply to perceptions of outsourced back-end services—an increasingly common tactic by service firms (Blumberg, 1998)—such that outsourcing to an Asian economy has negative effects on brand associations and quality. The better the perception of the country that performs outsourced services, the better perception of brand equity, including both associations, quality perception, and ultimately brand loyalty. Because the front-end service employees have more direct interaction with customers, this influence will be stronger as compared to back-end service outsourcing. Meanwhile, we predicted that consumers should perceive India (and other BRIC economies) more favorably, because of their rapid economic development. Research Design To test the hypotheses, this study probed into New Zealand consumers’ perceptions of outsourcing services in the banking industry to India and the Philippines. We adapted the SERVQUAL scale to measure the perception of outsourcing. Subjects’ COO perception and customer-based brand equity were also collected in the online questionnaire. The survey procedure produced 288 completed and usable questionnaires: 132 with India as the country of origin and 156 for the Philippines. Result and Conclusion An initial analysis confirmed the validity of the research tool. The results from multigroup structural equation modelling showed that outsourcing services, in light of country-of-origin effects, has a long-term negative impact, especially for front-end services, on both brand equity and brand loyalty. Consumers appeared more concerned with the quality of customer service and general administration than information systems and technology. Meanwhile, although subjects’ outsourcing and COO perceptions are negative for both India and the Philippines, the results indicated no significant difference between the two nations regarding the levels of impact of such perceptions on brand equity. Based on the findings from the study, we recommend that organizations should consider outsourcing back-end functions before moving to front-end services, because the back-end services have less impact on brand equity. Managers should also have great discretion about where to send back-end services, because consumers’ COO perceptions do not relate significantly to brand equity for outsourced information systems or technology.

Liquid Phase Exfoliation and Characterization of Few Layer MoS2 and WS2 Nanosheets as Channel Material in Field Effect Transistor

Rohit Sharma,Ashish Kumar,Anit Dawar,Sunil Ojha,Ambuj Mishra,Anshu Goyal,Radhapiyari Laishram,V. G. Sathe,RITU SRIVASTAVA,Om Prakash Sinha 한국전기전자재료학회 2023 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.24 No.2

Field effect transistors (FETs) are considered as the backbone of electronic industry. In this study, we adopted a simple drop cast method for the fabrication of MoS2 and WS2 channel based FET on commercially available pre-patterned OFET devices. The synthesis of few-layers thick MoS2 and WS2 nanosheets (NSs) has been done by solvent-assisted exfoliation method. FESEM and TEM study reveals that NSs have lateral dimensions in micron and have polycrystalline nature. From XPS, it is observed that MoS2 NSs has 2H phase whereas WS2 have hybrid 1T and 2H phase. The frequency difference in Raman vibrational mode for MoS2 and WS2 NSs is 24.08 cm-1 and 63.84 cm-1 respectively, confirms that number of layers is reduced after sonication. UV-visible spectroscopy reveals that the bandgap is 1.7 eV and 1.8 eV for MoS2 and WS2 NSs respectively. Later, these nanosheets have been drop-casted as the channel material on pre-patterned FETs devices and their output and transfer characteristics have been studied. It found that the current On/Off ratio is 10 4 and 10 3 for MoS 2 and WS2-FET device respectively. This facile fabrication of FET devices may provide a new stage for researchers who do not have access of lithography facilities for FET fabrication.

Prediction of Hybrid Performance Based on the Genetic Distance of Parental Lines in Two-Line Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Hybrids

Singh, Vikas Kumar,Upadhyay, Priti,Sinha, Pallavi,Mall, Ashish Kumar,Ellur, Ranjith K.,Singh, Atul,Jaiswal, Sanjay K.,Biradar, Sunil,Ramakrishna, S.,Sundaram, R.M.,Ahmed, Ilyas,Viraktamath, B.C.,Kole, 한국작물학회 2011 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.14 No.1

A total of six TGMS (thermosensitive genic male sterile lines) and nine pollinator lines were subjected to molecular characterization using 48 genome-wide SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers. Cluster analysis revealed clear differentiation among the TGMS lines according to their source of origin. The SSR-based genetic distance between the hybrids of the parental lines ranged from 0.36 to 0.79 suggesting a high degree of genetic divergence. Among a set of 54 hybrids generated using parental lines, 32 showed better parent heterosis (+21.7%) while 19 showed mid-parent heterosis (+15.0%). For the trait yield per plant genetic distance (GD) was negatively correlated with $F_1$ performance (r = -0.202), mid-parent heterosis (r = $-0.325^*$; P < 0.05), and better parent heterosis (r = -0.261), while it was positively correlated with specific combining ability (r = 0.042). Based on the grouped genetic distance (GGD), the hybrid combinations were divided into four groups. The GGD showed linear correlation with hybrid performance within the group (GGD = 40 - 50: r = -0.07; GGD = 70 - 80: r = 0.32). This information can be utilized in the development of higher yielding, two-line rice hybrids through selection of intermediately diverse parental lines using GGD.

Prediction of Hybrid Performance Based on the Genetic Distance of Parental Lines in Two-Line Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Hybrids

Vikas Kumar Singh,Priti Upadhyay,Pallavi Sinha,Ashish Kumar Mall,Ranjith K. Ellur,Atul Singh,Sanjay K.Jaiswal,Sunil Biradar,S. Ramakrishna,R.M. Sundaram,Ilyas Ahmed,B. C. Viraktamath,C. Kole,Sukhpal S 한국작물학회 2011 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.14 No.1

A total of six TGMS (thermosensitive genic male sterile lines) and nine pollinator lines were subjected to molecular characterization using 48 genome-wide SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers. Cluster analysis revealed clear differentiation among the TGMS lines according to their source of origin. The SSR-based genetic distance between the hybrids of the parental lines ranged from 0.36to 0.79 suggesting a high degree of genetic divergence. Among a set of 54 hybrids generated using parental lines, 32 showed better parent heterosis (+21.7%) while 19 showed mid-parent heterosis (+15.0%). For the trait yield per plant genetic distance (GD) was negatively correlated with F1 performance (r = -0.202), mid-parent heterosis (r = -0.325*; P < 0.05), and better parent heterosis (r = -0.261), while it was positively correlated with specific combining ability (r = 0.042). Based on the grouped genetic distance (GGD),the hybrid combinations were divided into four groups. The GGD showed linear correlation with hybrid performance within the group (GGD = 40 - 50: r = -0.07; GGD = 70 - 80: r = 0.32). This information can be utilized in the development of higher yielding,two-line rice hybrids through selection of intermediately diverse parental lines using GGD.