Histological and biochemical study of the superficial abdominal fascia and its implication in obesity

Arvind Kumar Pandey,Pramod Kumar,Srinivas Kodavoor Aithal,Sushma R. Kotian,Honnegowda Thittamaranahalli,Hemalatha Bangera,Keerthana Prasad,Anne D. Souza 대한해부학회 2016 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.49 No.3

The advancement of liposculpturing and fascial flaps in reconstructive surgery has renewed interest in the superficial fascia of abdomen. Its histological and biochemical composition may play a vital role in maintaining strength and elasticity of the fascia. Hence, study of abdominal fascia for the elastic, collagen, and hydroxyproline contents is desirable to understand asymmetrical bulges and skin folds and in improving surgical treatment of obesity. Samples of superficial fascia were collected from of upper and lower abdomen from 21 fresh cadavers (15 males and 6 females). Samples were stained using Verhoeff-Van Gieson stain. Digital images of superficial fascia were analyzed using TissueQuant software. The samples were also subjected to hydroxyproline estimation. The superficial fascia was formed by loosely packed collagen fibers mixed with abundant elastic fibers and adipose tissue. Elastic contents and collagen contents of superficial fascia were significantly more in the upper abdomen than that in the lower abdomen in males. Hydroxyproline content of superficial fascia of upper abdomen was significantly more than that of lower abdomen in both males and females. The elastic, collagen and hydroxyproline contents of superficial fascia of upper abdomen were higher compared to the lower abdomen. This may be a reason for asymmetric bulging over abdomen and more sagging fold of skin in the lower abdomen than in the upper abdomen. This study may therefore be helpful in finding new ways to manage obesity and other body contour deformities.

Spatio-temporal assessment of urban environmental conditions in Ranchi Township, India using remote sensing and Geographical Information System techniques

Amit Kumar,Arvind Chandra Pandey 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2013 도시과학국제저널 Vol.17 No.1

The present study investigates the status of the urban environment in Ranchi, a rapidly growing city in the eastern part of India. The various environmental indicators viz.,ambient air quality, aerosol concentration, ambient noise level and urban green space were analysed in a spatio-temporal framework by employing geoinformatics. The ambient air quality measurement indicates a high concentration of Suspended Particulate Matter (>300μg/m3) and Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (>200μg/m3), as well as low level concentrations of sulphur dioxide (<60μg/m3) and nitrogen dioxide (<60μg/m3) in Ranchi Township. The concentration of ambient air pollutants was significantly higher in Ranchi as compared to other major urban centres of Jharkhand. The spatial distribution of aerosol optical depth (AOD) indicated variation with high concentrations at transportation junctions (0.30–0.35% at 340 nm) and road junctions (>0.30%at 340 nm), and lowconcentrations (<0.22% at 340 nm) at planned residential areas. The AOD concentration in Ranchi was lower (<0.35% at 340 nm) compared to the Patratu coal mining-cum-industrial region (>0.8% at 340 nm). The majority of the locations in Ranchi exhibited ambient noise levels above the prescribed limits with an increasing trend from 2005 to 2010. The core urban area was the noisier one (>65 dB(A)) when compared to the peripheral areas in the city. The spatial assessment of urban green space derived fromWorldView-II satellite data indicated the existence of adequate green spaces (12.7%) within Ranchi Township, although urban cores are largely devoid of green space due to dense built-up land. The study exhibited that vegetation significantly contributes in noise attenuation and a reduction in aerosol concentration.

Change detection of landscape connectivity arisen by forest transformation in Hazaribagh wildlife sanctuary, Jharkhand (India)

Gupta Saurabh Kumar,Pandey Arvind Chandra 대한공간정보학회 2020 Spatial Information Research Vol.28 No.4

Forest land conversion is the primary driver of biodiversity decline worldwide. Hazaribagh wildlife sanctuary is a region of rich biodiversity in which forests and wildlife are deteriorating fast. The prime reasons for forest degradation and wildlife loss are the landscape connectivity weakening and forest transformation. In the present work, landscape connectivity and forest transformation relationships were analyzed in a spatio-temporal domain. The forest patches as a group of spectral abundance were extracted using the endmember retrieval technique. The connectivity analysis was performed by using a connectivity index in the extracted forest patches. Forest transformation is calculated using a post-classification change detection strategy for five types of forest cover during the four phases of the year (1992–2005, 2005–2010, 2010–2017 and 1992–2017). The forest cover was measured using a forest canopy density model using spectral indices. The landscape connectivity of 80–100% exhibit a rapid increase of 38% in 2005 from 1992 contrary to a 13% decrease in 2010 and 2017. The 23% loss of forest cover from 2005 to 2010 and a 17% loss in 2010–2017 phase of forest transformation weakened the forest connectivity. Forest cover, having a density higher than 40% was more vulnerable to degradation and landscape connectivity loss. The result shows that such declines of forest cover and landscape connectivity will reduce the genetic diversity in the forest, especially the mammalian population.

Reclassification of Bacillus beijingensis Qiu et al. 2009 and Bacillus ginsengi Qiu et al. 2009 as Bhargavaea beijingensis comb. nov. and Bhargavaea ginsengi comb. nov. and emended description of the genus Bhargavaea

Verma, Pankaj,Pandey, Prashant Kumar,Gupta, Arvind Kumar,Seong, Chi Nam,Park, Seong Chan,Choe, Han Na,Baik, Keun Sik,Patole, Milind Shivaji,Shouche, Yogesh Shreepad Microbiology Society 2012 International journal of systematic and evolutiona Vol.62 No.10

<P>We have carried out a polyphasic taxonomic characterization of <I>Bacillus beijingensis</I> DSM 19037<SUP>T</SUP> and <I>Bacillus ginsengi</I> DSM 19038<SUP>T</SUP>, which are closely related phylogenetically to <I>Bhargavaea cecembensis</I> LMG 24411<SUP>T</SUP>. All three strains are Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, moderately halotolerant and non-spore-forming. 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that the strains constituted a coherent cluster, with sequence similarities between 99.7 and 98.7 %. The percentage similarity on the basis of amino acid sequences deduced from partial <I>gyrB</I> gene nucleotide sequences of these three type strains was 96.1-92.7 %. Phylogenetic trees based on the 16S rRNA gene and GyrB amino acid sequences, obtained by using three different algorithms, were consistent and showed that these three species constituted a deeply rooted cluster separated from the clades represented by the genera <I>Bacillus</I>, <I>Planococcus</I>, <I>Planomicrobium</I>, <I>Sporosarcina</I>, <I>Lysinibacillus</I>, <I>Viridibacillus</I>, <I>Kurthia</I> and <I>Geobacillus</I>, supporting their placement in the genus <I>Bhargavaea</I>. All three type strains have menaquinone MK-8 as the major respiratory quinone and showed similar fatty acid profiles. The main polar lipids present in the three type strains were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol, and the three strains showed peptidoglycan type A4α with l-lysine as the diagnostic diamino acid. The DNA G<I>+</I>C contents of <I>Bacillus beijingensis</I> DSM 19037<SUP>T</SUP>, <I>Bacillus ginsengi</I> DSM 19038<SUP>T</SUP> and <I>Bhargavaea cecembensis</I> LMG 24411<SUP>T</SUP> were 53.1, 50.2 and 53.7 mol%, respectively. The level of DNA-DNA hybridization among the three strains was 57-39 %, indicating that they are members of different species of the genus <I>Bhargavaea</I>. The phenotypic data are consistent with the placement of these three species in a single genus and support their differentiation at the species level. On the basis of these data, we have emended the description of the genus <I>Bhargavaea</I> and propose the reclassification of <I>Bacillus beijingensis</I> and <I>Bacillus ginsengi</I> to the genus <I>Bhargavaea</I>, as <I>Bhargavaea beijingensis</I> comb. nov. (type strain ge10<SUP>T</SUP> = DSM 19037<SUP>T</SUP> = CGMCC 1.6762<SUP>T</SUP>) and <I>Bhargavaea ginsengi</I> comb. nov. (type strain ge14<SUP>T</SUP> = DSM 19038<SUP>T</SUP> = CGMCC 1.6763<SUP>T</SUP>).</P>

Forest health estimation in Sholayar Reserve Forest, Kerala using AVIRIS-NG hyperspectral data

Shahbaz Ahmad,Arvind Chandra Pandey,Amit Kumar,Nikhil V. Lele,Bimal K. Bhattacharya 대한공간정보학회 2020 Spatial Information Research Vol.28 No.1

The present study deals with analyzing forest health, its parameters, and suitability of hyperspectral data for vegetation health-related studies. Sholayar reserve forest in Kerala has a huge reserve of equatorial moist evergreen forest and demands preservation in every respect. Due to increased human interferences coupled with possible climate change, its health is undergoing a stage of deterioration. Stress levels in the canopy were assessed using a number of stress-related pigments. Detailed study of vegetation response to canopy leaf pigments have been carried out in the study. Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) data provides immense possibilities to study a number of stress-related pigments like anthocyanin, carotenoid, lignin, chlorophylla, b etc. Dominant species in these forests are Holigarna arnottiana, Grevillea robusta, Grewia tiliifolia, Syzygium cumini, Alstonia Scholaris, Cinnamomum verum, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Bischofia javanica, Mangifera indica, Bombax ceiba, Anogeissus latifolia, Terminalia paniculata etc. Apart from luscious natural vegetation, plantation of teak (Tectona Grandis), rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), tea (Camellia sinensis), Coffee (Coffee Arabica), Palm-Oil tree (Elaeis guineensis) etc. also exists. Field data pertaining to one of the selected pigments was correlated with remotely sensed pigment estimates. Correlation of field measured chlorophyll concentration and EVI showed R2 = 0.421. Similarly, the anthocyanin index showed a correlation of R2 = 0.319. In the Sholayar Reserve Forest (493.0 km2 ) an area of 141.0 km2 was found to be in a healthy state. Whereas about 218.0 km2 of area exhibit moderately healthy condition and 77.0 km2 area was in the least healthy state.

Major forests and plant species discrimination in Mudumalai forest region using airborne hyperspectral sensing

Bodi Surya Pratap Chandra Kishore,Amit Kumar,Purabi Saikia,Nikhil Lele,Arvind Chandra Pandey,Parul Srivastava,Bimal Kumar Bhattacharya,Mohamed Latif Khan 국립중앙과학관 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.13 No.4

The present study focused on forest type classification and major plant species assemblages in Mudumalaiforest region using Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer Next Generation. The phytosociologicalanalysis exhibited a total of 657 individuals (1095 individuals ha-1) of 24 tree speciesbelonging to 22 genera and 18 families. The highest tree density was contributed by Tectona grandis (132individuals ha-1 and 12.05% of total tree density) followed by Anogeissus latifolia (105 individuals ha-1 and9.59% of total tree density). The support vector machine study showed the dominance of SouthernTropical Semi-Evergreen forests (31%) followed by Southern Tropical moist deciduous forests (26.7%) andSouthern Tropical dry deciduous forests (24.8%) with a very high accuracy (92.37%). The comparativeanalysis of the existing forest types with Champion and Seth’s (1968) classification of forests exhibited achange of 30% in forest types in terms of their structure, composition, and extent over a period of 50years. The spectral angle mapperebased study emphasized the defining role of elevation, rainfall, andtemperature in species distribution, and physiognomy with dominance of A. latifolia (w19.22%). Thestudy implies the high spectral fidelity of airborne images for forest type mapping and plant speciesdiscrimination in tropical forests.