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Nutrition Management Through Nitrogen Balance Analysis in Patient With Short Bowel Syndrome
Kim Aram,Sim Sunglee,Kim Jeeyeon,Hwang Jeongkye,Park Junghyun,Lee Jehoon,Cheon Jeongeun 한국임상영양학회 2022 Clinical Nutrition Research Vol.11 No.2
Patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) have a high risk of developing parenteral nutrition (PN)-associated complications. Therefore, diet or enteral nutrition and PN should be modified to limit such complications. N balance analysis is a method of calculating the amount of protein required to achieve N equilibrium in the body based on intake and excretion. It is important to reduce dependence on PN and achieve the recommended range of N balance 2–4 g with an appropriate diet. We report a recent experience with nutrition modification using N balance analysis and suggest it as a useful method to reduce dependence on PN in nutrition management of SBS patients and in continuing active intestinal rehabilitation.
Minhyung Jung,Jung-Wook Kho,Soowan Kim,Aram Sim,Hong Geun Kim,Doo-Hyung Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2017 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.10
Seasonal distribution of disease vector species including mosquitoes and ticks plays a key role in establishing risk managementof vector-borne disease. However, environmental factors affecting abundance and distribution of vector species are notcurrently well understood. Therefore, we conducted a two-year field sampling to address the population dynamics of mosquitoesand ticks in Gyeonggi-do in 2015 and 2016. In 2015, the population density was highest in May for ticks (e.g. Haemaphysalislongicornis) and June for mosquitoes (e.g. Aedes vexans), whereas both pest groups peaked in August in 2016. Culexpipens (82.3% Species Ratio), Ae. vexans (77.3% SR), and Anopheles sinesis sp. (45.3% SR) were the most dominantspecies in urban area, cow shed and wild bird refuge, respectively. For ticks, H. longicornis (47.7% SR) was the mostdominant throughout four potential habitats.
Aerial insect sampling by an unmanned aerial vehicle above a rice field
Hong Geun Kim,Jong-Seok Park,Aram Sim,Jung-Wook Kho,Doo-Hyung Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2018 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.04
Modern technique development provides a new opportunity to expand entomological researches. Aerial insect sampling has been conducted with fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). With improved maneuverability, rotary-wing UAVs can serve as more convenient and feasible tools with lower cost. A rotary-wing UAV with remotely controlled insect nets was developed to collect insects at designated altitudes above the rice field (ca. 80 × 240 meter (width × length)) in Boryeong, South Korea. From 21 flights in June, July, and August 2017, 235, 7, 6, and 3 insects were caught at 5, 10, 50, and 100 meters above the rice field, respectively. The collected insects were identified to family level. Diptera (Phoridae and Chironomidae), Hemiptera (Aphididae and Delphacidae), and Thysanoptera were found from the sample, some of which may contain possible insect pests on rice. Therefore, UAVs have potential as an alternative aerial insect sampling method.
Soowan Kim,Minhyung Jung,Jung-Wook Kho,Aram Sim,Hong Geun Kim,Doo-Hyung Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2017 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.10
Vertical transmission of symbiont is known as the most effective way to deliver their offspring. However, it has beenreported that the bean bug, Riptortus pedestris, acquires its gut symbiont, Burkholderia sp., from its environment (e.g.soil) during the 2nd instar nymphal stage. Nevertheless, it is not unknown how they locate their symbiont. For this reason,dual-choice experiments were conducted in both solitary (a nymph) and group conditions (100 nymphs) to investigatewhether or not R. pedestris has preference on Burkholderia sp. treated or untreated solution in laboratory conditions. Inthese experiments, there was no significant difference in the preference between the two treatments. We are testing inthe Y-tube olfactometer system to evaluate the response of R. pedestris on possible chemical cues from Burkholderia sp..
Jung-Wook Kho,Minhyung Jung,Soowan Kim,Aram Sim,Hong Geun Kim,Doo-Hyung Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2017 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.10
Different types of insect-borne plant viruses can modify their hosts and vectors in distinct manners. Therefore, interactionsbetween two types of viruses co-existing in a field are known to be complex to predict. Obtaining empirical data byconducting field experiments, however, requires numerous biotic and abiotic factors to be controlled, and is therefore hardto execute. Thus, we designed an individual based model to simulate the transmission pattern of two viruses, using potatoes(Solanum tuberosum) for host plant, aphids (Myzus persicae) for virus vector, potato leafroll virus and potato virus Yfor different types of plant viruses. More specifically, we aimed to investigate the effect of the following on the spreadof the plant viruses: dispersal by winged-form aphids, initial number of virus-infected seed potatoes, and indirect interactionsbetween two viruses by affecting life traits of the vectors.
Soowan Kim,Minhyung Jung,Jung-Wook Kho,Aram Sim,Doo-Hyung Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2018 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.10
In general, hemipteran insects transmit either obligate or facultative symbionts to their offspring using various transmission mechanisms. Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae) also have facultative symbiosis with Burkholderia sp. which is acquired from the soil every generation especially during 2nd instar nymphal period. This environmental symbiont transmission makes R. pedestris face a great risk of missing their symbionts, however, previous studies showed that they have intimate associations with their symbionts. Therefore, we suspected that R. pedestris 2nd instar nymphs may have a preference toward Burkholderia sp. to achieve an efficient symbiont acquisition during the limited time of window. In order to identify the preference of 2nd instar nymph, we first conducted dual-choice experiments varying with the number of 2nd instar nymphs (a nymph and 100 nymphs) in plastic cages. Furthermore, Y-tube olfactometer experiments varying with the presence of soil as medium of Burkholderia sp. were performed to determine if the insects respond to bacterial volatile induced from the symbiont. Based on our results, we observed that R. pedestris 2nd instar nymphs may not show any specific behavioral preference or response to chemical volatile from Burkholderia sp. in laboratory conditions (P >0.24). Therefore, we will further conduct a dual-choice experiment in a semi-field condition to investigate if such patterns can be detected in a larger arena simulating a more natural environment.
Han, Kyu-Man,Kim, Daseul,Sim, Youngbo,Kang, June,Kim, Aram,Won, Eunsoo,Tae, Woo-Suk,Ham, Byung-Joo Elsevier 2017 Journal of affective disorders Vol.208 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Morphologic changes of the brainstem in major depressive disorder (MDD) have rarely been reported in neuroimaging studies, even though, monoaminergic neurotransmitters are synthesized in several brainstem regions. We aimed to investigate volume changes in each region of the brainstem and their association with antidepressant use or the remission status of MDD.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>A total of 126 patients with MDD and 101 healthy controls underwent T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging. We analyzed volumes of each brainstem region, including the medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, and superior cerebellar peduncle, and the volume of the whole brainstem using the FreeSurfer.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>The patients with MDD had significantly greater midbrain volumes (<I>P</I>=0.013) compared to healthy controls. In particular, drug-naïve patients with MDD had significantly greater brainstem volumes compared to healthy controls (<I>P</I>=0.007), while no significant findings were observed between the antidepressant treatment group and healthy controls. The remitted patient group had reduced pons (<I>P</I>=0.002) and midbrain (<I>P</I>=0.005) volumes compared to healthy controls, while the non-remitted MDD patient group had significantly greater midbrain volumes compared to the healthy controls (<I>P</I>=0.017).</P> <P><B>Limitations</B></P> <P>We could not distinguish gray versus white matter volumes changes in our analysis.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>We observed that the midbrain is enlarged in patients with a current depressive episode, who are not undergoing antidepressant treatment. This volume then returns to normal after antidepressant treatment, and is even reduced, when the patient is in remission. Further studies are needed to confirm our observations.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We investigate the volume changes of brainstem regions in MDD using the FreeSurfer. </LI> <LI> Medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, and superior cerebellar peduncle were included. </LI> <LI> Drug-naïve patients had greater brainstem volumes compared to healthy controls. </LI> <LI> Remitted patients had reduced pons and midbrain volumes compared to healthy controls. </LI> </UL> </P>