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Davis, Angela R.,Perkins-Veazie, Penelope,Sakata, Yoshiteru,Lopez-Galarza, Salvador,Maroto, Jose Vicente,Lee, Sang-Gyu,Huh, Yun-Chan,Sun, Zhanyong,Miguel, Alfredo,King, Stephen R.,Cohen, Roni,Lee, Jun Taylor Francis 2008 Critical reviews in plant sciences Vol.27 No.1
<P> Due to limited availability of arable land and high market demand for off-season vegetables, cucurbits (plants in the family Cucurbitaceae) are continuously cultivated under unfavorable conditions in some countries. These conditions include environments that are too cold, wet, or dry, or are cool low-light winter greenhouses. Successive cropping can increase salinity, the incidence of cucurbit pests, and soilborne diseases like fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium spp. These conditions cause various physiological and pathological disorders leading to severe crop loss. Chemical pest control is expensive, not always effective, and can harm the environment. Grafting can overcome many of these problems. In fact, in many parts of the world, grafting is a routine technique in continuous cropping systems. It was first commonly used in Japan during the late 1920s by grafting watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai] onto pumpkin [Cucurbita moschata Duchesne ex. Poir] rootstocks. Soon after, watermelons were grafted onto bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.] rootstocks. This practice helped control declining yield due to soilborne diseases. China produces more than half the world's watermelons and cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.), and approximately 20% of these are grafted. Use of rootstocks can enhance plant vigor through vigorous attainment of soil nutrients, avoidance of soil pathogens and tolerance of low soil temperatures, salinity, and wet-soil conditions. The type of rootstock affects cucurbit plant growth, yield, and fruit quality. Cucurbit grafting is rare in the United States, but with continued loss of quality disease-free farmland along with the phase-out of methyl bromide, the U.S. cucurbit industry sees grafting as an attractive option. Some seed companies now offer watermelon transplants grafted onto squash or bottle gourd rootstocks, and some transplant facilities offer grafting services. There have been thorough analyses of cucurbit grafting in other countries, but the literature in English is limited. This review summarizes the state of the cucurbit grafting industry on a global level, translating work published in many languages.</P>
3D Printing Based on Material Extrusion to Create Surface Patterns on Textile Fabrics
Randa Alsabhi,Angela Davies,Guy Bingham,Jinsong Shen 한국섬유공학회 2023 Fibers and polymers Vol.24 No.11
3D printing technology has been developing rapidly in recent years. This technology is extensively used for producing prototypes of products and their designs with a wide range of materials in the manufacturing industry. The Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) process uses the extrusion of molten thermoplastic materials through heated printing nozzle to create design objects layer by layer. The current research was to develop 3D printing technology on textile fabrics to create surface design based on FDM process using the Ultimake 3D printer. Printing parameters play an important role for printing on fabrics specially to achieve strong adhesion between the printed patterns and the surface of the fabrics. This research developed a method for assessing the attachment strength in the interface between the printed objects and the surface of fabrics. The effect of the initial setting distance between the printing nozzle and the printing platform on the performance of 3D printed fabrics was investigated. The research work demonstrated the ability to create different design patterns in 3D on the fabrics with excellent durability to washing, which shows potential for the commercial application in fashion industry.
Ghim, Young-Sik,Davies, Angela The Optical Society 2012 Applied optics Vol.51 No.12
<P>White-light interferometry uses a white-light source with a short coherent length that provides a narrowly localized interferogram that is used to measure three-dimensional surface profiles with possible large step heights without 2??-ambiguity. Combining coherence and phase information improves the vertical resolution. But, inconsistencies between phase and coherence occur at highly curved surfaces such as spherical and tilted surfaces, and these inconsistencies often cause what are termed ghost steps in the measurement result. In this paper, we describe a modified version of white-light interferometry for eliminating these ghost steps and improving the accuracy of white-light interferometry. Our proposed technique is verified by measuring several test samples.</P>
Association Between Periodontitis and Impaired Fasting Glucose and Diabetes
Choi, Youn-Hee,McKeown, Robert E.,Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth J.,Liese, Angela D.,Song, Keun-Bae,Merchant, Anwar T. American Diabetes Association 2011 Diabetes care Vol.34 No.2
<P><B>OBJECTIVE</B></P><P>Many studies have reported that periodontal disease is associated with diabetes, but its relation with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) has been understudied. This study investigated the relationship between chronic periodontitis, IFG, and diabetes in the U.S. population.</P><P><B>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS</B></P><P>Participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, aged ≥20 years, who received periodontal examinations and provided blood samples (<I>n</I> = 12,254) were grouped into quintiles of mean clinical attachment loss (CAL) and pocket depth, with the lowest category being the reference. Plasma fasting glucose was categorized into three groups (normal, <100 mg/dL; IFG, ≥100 but <126 mg/dL; and diabetic, ≥126 mg/dL). Sociodemographic factors and other potential risk factors were obtained by interview or examination. SAS 9.1 was used for statistical analysis accounting for the complex weighted sampling.</P><P><B>RESULTS</B></P><P>Participants in the top quintile category of CAL had higher prevalence odds of IFG (odds ratio [OR] 1.55 [95% CI 1.16–2.07]) and diabetes (4.77 [2.69–8.46]) after adjustment for related confounders, compared with those in the bottom quintile. The highest quintile of pocket depth was positively associated with IFG (1.39 [1.00–1.92]) and diabetes (1.63 [1.10–2.42]) compared with the lowest quintile. ORs for CAL increased from the lowest to the highest quintile (<I>P</I> value test for trend <0.01) for all outcomes. The ORs for pocket depth also tended to rise across quintiles.</P><P><B>CONCLUSIONS</B></P><P>Chronic periodontitis measured by CAL and pocket depth was positively associated in a linear relation with IFG and diabetes in U.S. adults.</P>
3D surface mapping of freeform optics using wavelength scanning lateral shearing interferometry.
Ghim, Young-Sik,Rhee, Hyug-Gyo,Davies, Angela,Yang, Ho-Soon,Lee, Yun-Woo Optical Society of America 2014 Optics express Vol.22 No.5
<P>Freeform optics have emerged as promising components in diverse applications due to the potential for superior optical performance. There are many research fields in the area ranging from fabrication to measurement, with metrology being one of the most challenging tasks. In this paper, we describe a new variant of lateral shearing interferometer with a tunable laser source that enables 3D surface profile measurements of freeform optics with high speed, high vertical resolution, large departure, and large field-of-view. We have verified the proposed technique by comparing our measurement result with that of an existing technique and measuring a representative freeform optic.</P>
Exopolysaccharide microchannels direct bacterial motility and organize multicellular behavior
Berleman, James E,Zemla, Marcin,Remis, Jonathan P,Liu, Hong,Davis, Annie E,Worth, Alexandra N,West, Zachary,Zhang, Angela,Park, Hanwool,Bosneaga, Elena,van Leer, Brandon,Tsai, Wenting,Zusman, David R Nature Publishing Group 2016 The ISME journal Vol.10 No.11
<P>The myxobacteria are a family of soil bacteria that form biofilms of complex architecture, aligned multilayered swarms or fruiting body structures that are simple or branched aggregates containing myxospores. Here, we examined the structural role of matrix exopolysaccharide (EPS) in the organization of these surface-dwelling bacterial cells. Using time-lapse light and fluorescence microscopy, as well as transmission electron microscopy and focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) electron microscopy, we found that <I>Myxococcus xanthus</I> cell organization in biofilms is dependent on the formation of EPS microchannels. Cells are highly organized within the three-dimensional structure of EPS microchannels that are required for cell alignment and advancement on surfaces. Mutants lacking EPS showed a lack of cell orientation and poor colony migration. Purified, cell-free EPS retains a channel-like structure, and can complement EPS<SUP>−</SUP> mutant motility defects. In addition, EPS provides the cooperative structure for fruiting body formation in both the simple mounds of <I>M. xanthus</I> and the complex, tree-like structures of <I>Chondromyces crocatus.</I> We furthermore investigated the possibility that EPS impacts community structure as a shared resource facilitating cooperative migration among closely related isolates of <I>M. xanthus</I>.</P>